Worship Traditions and the Influence of Goddesses in Tamil Nadu

In the social tradition of Tamil Nadu, early human beings worshipped nature and the five elements of nature, fire, rain, air, space, and earth. As an extension of this, ancestor worship, also known as worshipping the Dead, has existed in the folk tradition since time immemorial. Continuously divided into Minor Deities and Great Deities, many social groups have been worshipping in order to maintain the social restrictions of their lives. The impact of worship from the Pre-Sangam era to the present, the modulation, the characteristics of goddesses, and its consequences, explain future trends

Solutions of System of Fractional Partial Differential Equations

In this paper, system of fractional partial differential equation which has numerous applications in many fields of science is considered. Adomian decomposition method, a novel method is used to solve these type of equations. The solutions are derived in convergent series form which shows the effectiveness of the method for solving wide variety of fractional differential equations

Kapalabhati (Skull Shining Breath) Pranayama Values

To purify the mind, the oxygen flowing upwards and the gas flowing downwards is to be moved in the opposite direction that is in the abdomen, the transfusion should take place. For this, Kapalabhati helps greatly. Kapalabhati Pranayama is a fast pranayama training method. This exercise reduces the activity of the sympathetic nerves. Hypothalamus function is stimulated. Anxiety, stress, and blood pressure are removed. Positive mood, perception, and tolerance develop. So self-management, decision making, and future planning improve. The Bhagavad Gita states that pranayama is the erasure of sins. The results of scientific research confirm that the Kapalabhati Pranayama values the improvement of physical health, mental health, mental health, and biological health

Study of branching pattern of right coronary artery in 50 specimens

INTRODUCTION: Coronary artery disease is the commonest cause of heart diseases and the most important cause of death all over the world. According to Parks (2005) it is the cause of 25-30 percent of deaths in most ind ustrialised countries. Coronary artery occlusion may either result in myocardial infarction or lead onto ischemia and angina pectoris. The recent advances in direct coronary artery surgery, the newly invented techniques in bypass surgery and the modern methods of revascularization require a complete knowledge of the coronary circulation. AIM OF THE STUDY: Coronary artery disease, in developing world as compared to the developed world, occurs a decade earlier. In India, it has been the most frequent single cause of death in men under the age of 65. In U.S sudden death is more common in young adults with coronary arterial anomalies (Liberthson RR 1979). The increasing use of diagnostic and therapeutic interventional procedures in bypass surgeries and myocardial revascularization, outlines the necessity for a sound basic knowledge in anatomy of coronary circulation. With this aim, an attempt has been made to study the right coronary artery in detail i.e. its origin, course, branching patterns, termination and the presence of anomalous artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From early days, manual dissection of the coronary vessels from their origin in the aortic root to their apparent distal termination – where they attenuate to such a degree that they cannot be followed further by visual inspection. Injection of dyes into the coronary arteries before dissection is an adjunctive method that greatly facilitates the procedure and improves its accuracy. Replacing the dyes with radio-opaque fluids permits postmortem angiography which facilitates careful study of the vessels without disturbing their anatomic integrity. Hildebrand (1900) introduced such a technique to study systemic circulation and Fryett (1905) later extended it, to study the coronary circulation. The most selective technique for the study of vasculature in detail was described by Hyrtl (1873). It involves filling the vasculature with a mass that hardens, to corrode the organ leaving a cast of vaculature (Injection Corrosion Technique). Nussbaum (1912) used metal alloys and later James (1961) used plastics to prepare casts. Of the various methods available for studying the anatomy of coronary arteries, the method followed for the present study is the Manual Dissection method. MATERIALS: The 50 specimens for this present study were obtained from the Forensic medicine department. The specimens were collected without any age, sex, socio-economic status, religion, and pathological bias. The hearts were removed during autopsy by following method: A transverse cut was made through the manubrium of sternum immediately inferior to its junction with the first costal cartilage. An incision was made through the parietal pleura in the first intercostal space extending up to mid- axillary line. From this line, the second and subsequent ribs were divided inferiorly up to the level of xiphisternal joint. The inferior part of the sternum with costal cartilage and anterior parts of ribs were elevated. The parietal pleura extending from back of sternum on to the mediastinum on both sides was divided. The anterior part of sternum was lifted up and hinged on the superior part of the abdominal wall after dividing the sternopericardial ligaments. The fibrous pericardium was separated from the adjoining structures. By dividing the fibrous pericardium the heart was exposed and delivered out of middle mediastinum by cutting branches of arch of aorta, superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary veins and artery. The collected specimens were preserved in 10% formalin solution and numbered serially from 1 to 50. The specimens were dissected using a pair of scissors, forceps and scalpel. CONCLUSION: The present work was carried out to study the branching pattern of right coronary artery in 50 specimens. The right coronary artery was found to arise from the anterior aortic sinus in all the specimens except one, in which the right coronary artery was found to arise from left posterior aortic sinus. The right coronary ostium was below the sino rubular junction in 90% of the specimens and at sino tubular junction in 10%. The right coronary ostium above the sino tubular junction was not found in any of the specimens studied. A slight variation in the course of the right coronary artery was noticed in 2 specimens. The average distances of the three branches of first segment of right coronary artery from the ostium were found to be 8.62mm, 16.39mm and 40.04mm respectively. These measurements will probably be of use in planning bypass grafting. The incidence of sino atrial nodal artery arising from the right coronary artery was 76%. Third coronary artery was present in 10% of the specimens studied. The atrioventricular nodal artery arose from right coronary artery in 82%, from the left coronary artery in 18%. The posterior interventricular artery arose from the right coronary artery in 82% and from left circumflex artery in 18%. Parallel branches were present in 16% of the specimens. The right coronary artery terminated between crux and left border in 62%, at the right margin in 14%, reached the left border in 12%, at crux in 8%, and between right margin and crux in 4%. The posterior interventricular artery terminated in the distal one third of the posterior interventricular sulcus in 48%, in the middle one third of the posterior interventricular sulcus in 32%, in the proximal one third of the posterior interventricular sulcus in 20%. The right coronary artery was the dominant in 82% and left coronary artery was the dominant in 18%. The presence of anomalous artery-right coronary artery arising from the left posterior aortic sinus was found in only one out of fifty specimens studied. An in depth knowledge of the anatomy of the coronary arteries, ‘crown’ of the heart, is a self evident prerequisite for a complete under standing of the coronary artery disease or for more intelligent planning of surgery. The present study on the right coronary artery, its origin, course, branching patterns, termination and the presence of anomalous arteries was to be of some use to the specialists during cardiac catheterizations and to effectively plan bypass surgeries using normal or anomalous coronary arteries. This study would be of use to interventional radiologists and cardiologists for their invasive or non invasive procedures

Evaluation of the Performance and Ranking of Suppliers of a Heavy Industry by TOPSIS Method

144–147The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of the suppliers of a heavy industry and to rank them based on their performance by using Multi Criteria Decision Making Tool (MCDM) – TOPSIS Method. The Criteria and Sub Criteria for the supplier performance evaluation has been decided by a team of experts from the manufacturing industry. DEMATEL is used to calculate the weightage of the criteria and TOPSIS is used to evaluate and rank the suppliers based on these criteria. This paper ranks the suppliers of the industry based on their performance. It also provides a clear picture about various factors affecting the performance of the suppliers. This research provides an insight to all the suppliers as to where they stand with respect to their performance. It helps them identify the factors in which they need to strengthen in order to improve their performance. It also provides a competitive environment for improving their performance which ultimately aids the manufacturing industry with better results from the suppliers

Intraoperative Monitoring of patients during Neurosurgical Procedures: A Biochemical and Electrophysiological study

Intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring of the nervous system is used to prevent complications arising during the course of neurosurgical procedures. Various electrophysiological monitoring techniques such as EEG (Electroencephalogram), EP (evoked potentials), EMG (Electromyography) and NCV (Nerve conduction velocity) are used during the course of surgery. The principal goal of intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring is prompt identification of nervous system impairment during surgery and prevent permanent postoperative deficits provide relative reassurance to the surgeon that no identifiable complication has been detected up to that point, allowing the surgeon to proceed further and provide a more thorough or careful surgical intervention than would have been provided in the absence of monitoring modify surgical strategy when any change occurs in the recordings. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that intraoperative neurophysiologial monitoring needed specific care and attention during the course of surgery to avoid the permanent postoperative neurological deteriorations. The study also concludes that (1) Usage of multipulse stimulation and multiple sweeps of stimulation (0.7Hz) is very effective in eliciting iMEPs. More studies need to be done to understand this phenomenon. (2) Averaging of these responses can used for more consistent responses. (3) Intravenous anaesthesia (propofol) is more ideal than inhalational anaesthesia (isoflurane) for iMEPs. (4) It is important to monitor more than one muscle to predict postoperative outcome. (5) Pain is the main cause for intraoperative hypertension and it is mediated by increased norepinephrine levels in the circulation. (6) Intraoperative maintenance of stable haemodynamics by pre-emptive therapy with lisinopril (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) would be beneficial and prevent the intraoperative associated postoperative neurological complications. This is particularly important if the patient requires intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring

Investigations on Electrochemical Micro Drilling of Nickel Alloy using Taguchi based Grey Approach

Inconel 600 is the nickel based super alloy which is employed in numerous engineering applications like gas turbine blades, turbochargers and heat exchangers etc. However, it is very difficult to machine due to its high strength and poor thermal diffusion. Conventional machining methods of these materials may result in decreased life time. An electrochemical machining is an advanced non-traditional technique which is suitable for machining hard material, strenuous materials and Intricate shapes. In this paper, electrochemical micro drilling (ECMD) on Inconel 600 material is investigated. The experiments are devised and analyzed using Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array and Grey relational analysis (GRA). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been implemented to find out the significance of electrochemical micro drilling parameters on the performance characteristics

A SIMPLE RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ORGANIC IMPURITIES, ENANTIOMER AND ASSAY OF DEXLANSOPRAZOLE

Objective: To develop a simple and accurate RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of organic impurities, enantiomer and assay of Dexlansoprazole, proposed method was validated according to an International Conference on Harmonisation of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use (ICH) guidelines.Methods: Cellulose tris-(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) bonded on silica gel (Chiralpak IC) were used as stationary phase. Acetonitrile (ACN) and 10 mM dibasic potassium phosphate buffer of pH 7.20, adjusted with dilute ortho phosphoric acid, were used as mobile phase in gradient composition at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. UV detection was made at 283 nm and run time was 27 min.Results: Limit of detection (LOD) and Limit of quantification (LOQ) was 42 and 126 ng/ml, respectively. Analytes response was studied from 0.25-1.50 µg/ml and r2 value of the calibration curve was>0.999. Accuracy was studied in three different concentrations, the mean recovery was observed between 93.8 and 102.5%. To the maximum of 0.01% impurity variation was observed between the results of inter and intra-day precision.Conclusion: Proposed method is specific, precise, sensitive, linear and accurate. As a significance of this proposed method, the listed known impurities of Lansoprazole monograph [United States, British and European pharmacopoeias (USP/BP/Ph. Eur.)] Were used in method development and separation was demonstrated. Apart from this, enantiomer resolution was achieved and the same chromatogram was used for assay calculation.Â

Characterization Studies of Medicinal Plants & I’ts Biological Evaluation Towards Anti-Bacterial Study

The traditional system of medicine proves to be one of the best sources for treating illness and infections. Murraya koenigii (curry leaves) and Asparagus racemosus (shatavari) are the two medicinal plant species that have numerous medicinal properties like antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, etc. In this study, the Ultrasound extraction and the Soxhlet mode of extraction were carried out using two different solvents such as Hexane and Ethyl acetate. Analysis and Retention factor were was carried out thin layer chromatography. The purification was performed using column chromatographic method and the various phytoconstituents such as tannins, terpenoids, carbohydrates, proteins, steroids, flavonoids, phlobatannins were analysed for the extracted samples. Retention factors have been calculated for both the extracted samples and the samples were further processed for sterility test in order to check for any contamination. The extracted samples were characterized using GC-MS analysis. The anti-bacterial evaluation was performed. The highest zone of inhibition found in 1000µg/ml concentration for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 500µg/ml concentration for Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration for Pseudomonas aeruginosa is predicted as 250µg/ml concentration and for Staphylococcus aureus as 500µg/ml concentration. The rate of kill was higher in 500µg/ml concentration for both bacterial samples. The crystal violet assay was performed and observed the cell viability. Further the In-silico analysis was performed towards the GC analysis compounds and their structure activity relationship were studied towards the protein