Investigation of Compact Low Pass Filter with Sharp Cut–Off using Metamaterial

In this paper a new compact microstrip Bessel low pass filter (LPF) is experimentally validated using complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) which has sharper cut-off and improved spurious band suppression characteristics. The Richard’s transformation and Kuroda’s identities are used for realizing distributed Bessel LPF from the lumped element Bessel LPF. Traditionally Butterworth and Chebyshev LPFs are used in communication systems. Those LPFs exhibits high reflection in the pass-band and it is also very difficult to achieve sharper cut-off. Because of its poor cut-off and non linear phase characteristics, it will create cross talk between microwave systems. In order to overcome the above issues our proposed LPF which has linear phase and sharper cut-off behavior is on ideal subsystem in future microwave systems. Furthermore, to prove its practical viability of the proposed design, a compact microstrip Bessel LPF was designed, simulated, fabricated and measured. It was observed from the experimentally compared results of the proposed Bessel LPF with CSRR has better sharper cut-off characteristic than the without CSRR structure

DESIGN OF NEW HIGH SPEED MULTI OUTPUT CARRY LOOK-AHEAD ADDERS

The carry look-ahead adders are designed till now by using standard 4 bit Manchester carry chain. Due to its limited carry chain length, the carries of the adders are computed using 4 bit carry chain. This leads to slow down the operation. A high speed 8 bit (MCC) adder in multi output domino CMOS logic is designed in this thesis. Due to its limited carry chain length this high speed MCC uses 2 separate 4-bit MCC. The 2 MCC namely odd carry chain and even carry chain are computed in parallel to increase the speed of the operation. This technique has been applied for the design of 8 bit adders in multi output domino logic and the simulation results are verified. Results prove that 8 bit MCC produces less delay compared to conventional 4 bit delay. The reduced delay realizes better speed compared to the conventional designs. The existing design and the previous designs are designed and simulated using Mentor Graphics. The delay of these designs is compared with 8 bit input and with 50 nm technology file. Implementation results reveal that the high speed comparator has delay of 37.47% less compared to the conventional designs used for comparison when operated at 50 MHz

Bioactive Metabolite Produced by Phomopsis sp., an Endophytic Fungus in Allamanda cathartica Linn.

Endophytes are microbial entities that live within living tissues of plants. In most cases their relationship with the host plant is symbiotic and probably mutualistic. Many are capable of synthesizing bio-active compounds that can be used by the plant for defense against fungi and bacteria. Some of these compounds have been proven useful for novel drug discovery. By encouraging the endophytes to grow outside the plant in nutrient rich media, it is possible to harvest the bio-active compounds that they produce. In the present investigation we are trying to isolate endophytic fungi from Allamanda cathartica (Apocynaceae). The secondary metabolite obtained from the endophytic fungi was found to inhibit the growth of human pathogenic bacteria. The compound was extracted with organic solvents and bioautogram was done to check compound’s antibacterial activity.  Thin layer chromatogram and various other spectroscopic analyses were done to identify the compound as terpene

Possible Alpha and 14C Cluster Emission From Hyper Radium Nuclei in The Mass Region A = 202-235

The possibilities for the emission of 4He and 14C clusters from hyper 202-235ΛRa are studied using our Coulomb and proximity potential model (CPPM) by including the lambda-nucleus potential. The predicted half lives show that hyper 202-231ΛRa nuclei are unstable against 4He emission and 14Cemission from 217- 229ΛRa are favorable for measurement. Our study also show that hyper Λ202235-Ra are stable against hyper Λ4He and Λ14C emission. The role of neutron shell closure (N = 126) in 213 ΛRn daughter and role of proton and neutron shell closure (Z = 82, N = 126) in Λ209Pb daughter are also revealed. As hyper nuclei decays to normal nuclei by mesonic/non-mesonic decay and since most of the predicted half lives for 4He and 14C emission from normal Ra nuclei are favorable for measurement, we presume that alpha and 14C cluster emission from hyper Ra nuclei can be detected in laboratory in a cascade (two-step) process

Secondary Metabolite from Phomopsis sp. Isolated from Plumeria acutifolia Poiret

AbstractPlumeria acutifolia Poiret (Apocynaceae) contains eight species of mainly deciduous shrubs and tree, originated from Central America. Some species of this plant are used for the cure of rheumatism, diarrhoea, blennorhea, venereal disease and leprosy. Endophytes are the chemical synthesizers inside plants (Owen et al., 2004). Leaves of Plumeria acutifolia were submitted to isolation of endophytic fungi. The strain Phomopsis sp was selected for chemical and biological investigation because of the strong antibacterial activity and also rich source of secondary metabolites. Ethylacetate fraction of the fungus found to have terpenoid compound, which was further subjected to Thin layer chromatography (TLC), UV, FT-IR spectroscopic analysis. The terpenoid compound was found to have antibacterial activity whereas the same compound does not show any positive results towards human pathogenic Candida albicans. This is the first report of the isolation, cultivation of fungus Phomopsis sp and evaluation of antibacterial activity. Keywords: Apocynaceae, Antibacterial activity, Terpenoids, Endophytes, Phomopsis, Coelomycete

Screening of a novel-substituted furan compound for analgesic activity in mice

Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensation and is the most primitive of all senses. It is a major symptom in many medical conditions and can significantly interfere with a person's quality of life and general functioning. Analgesics like opioids and NSAIDS are used to treat pain but due to their side effects on long term use it is necessary to develop a compound with reduced side effects. Hence the present study was focused on screening of novel compound of novel compound 2-(4-nitrophenylimino)-N-cyclohexyl-4,5 diphenylfuran-3- carboxamide (AMSM-2(a-k) for analgesic activity in mice.Methods: The analgesic activity of test compound AMSM-2(a-k) at different doses (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) was evaluated by using Eddy’s hot plate for determining central analgesic activity using morphine (5 mg/kg) as standard drug, acetic acid induced writhing test for peripheral analgesic activity and formalin induced writhing test to evaluate both central and peripheral analgesic activity using aspirin as standard drug (300 mg/kg). The percentages of inhibition of writhing’s were calculated for acetic acid and formalin induced pain model. The statistical analysis was done using one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test. All values with P <0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: In hot plate method, the percentage increase in the latency of licking for test compound AMSM-2(a-k) at 20 mg/kg was significantly comparable to standard drug. Morphine (10 mg/kg) and AMSM-2(a-k) (20 mg/kg) gave the peak effect at 90 minutes. In acetic acid induced writhing method the percentage inhibition for AMSM-2(a-k) (20 mg/kg) was 73.93% for up to 20 min and for aspirin was 57.12%. In formalin induced paw licking method, the percentage inhibition in licking response in the early phase for AMSM-2(a-k) with 20 mg/kg was 63.23% which was more significant than the standard drug aspirin (100 mg/kg) which gave a percentage inhibition of 42.17%. In the late phase the percentage inhibition in licking response for AMSM-2(a-k) (20 mg/kg) was 74.33% and aspirin (100 mg/kg) gave a percentage inhibition of 60.82%.Conclusions: The test drug AMSM-2(a-k) at a dose of 20 mg/kg showed promising results in hot plate method, equally comparable to the standard drug morphine and in acetic acid induced writhing test and formalin induced paw licking (early and late phase) methods they are more significant than the standard drug aspirin. This suggests AMSM-2(a-k) had potential central and peripheral analgesic activity

An Open Non Randomized Clinical Trial of Perungaya Chooranam in Madhumegam (Diabetes Mellitus Type-II)

The clinical study on Madhumegam was carried out in the Post Graduate Department of Maruthuvam, Government Siddha Medical College, Arignar Anna Hospital, Chennai-106, during the period of 2016 - 2018. A total of 40 patients were treated in the Out Patient Department (OPD). The clinical and pathological assessment was carried out on the basis of both Siddha and Modern aspects. All the 40 patients were treated with Perungaya Chooranam, 2g BD with lukewarm water for 90 days. The responses were assessed once in 7 days for all the patients. • The peak incidence of Madhumegam was in the age group of 51-60 yrs (45%) in both sexes. • The prevalence was higher among the lower income (47.5%). • The disease is more common in housewives (40%). So high incidence occurs in women. • Regarding diet, the disease is seen among mixed dietary habits of about 80%. • Regarding family history, 52.5% had no relavent history. • Most of the patients were affected in Pitha kaalam (95%). • In Vatham - Abaanan, Viyanan, Samanan, Kirukaran and Devathathan were affected in all the cases 100%, Koorman was affected in 7 cases (17.5%). • In Pitham - Analagam and Sathagam 100%, Ranjagam 20%, Alosagam 17.5% and Prasagam 15% were affected. • In Kabam - Kilethagam 100% and Santhigam 60% were affected. • Among the Ezhu Udalthathukkal, Saaram, Seneer were 100% affected, Enbu (60%), Oon (15%), Kozhuppu (15%) were affected. • Regarding Envagaithervugal - Naa, Naadi and Moothiram were 100% affected Niram, Malam (20%), Vizhi (17.5%), Sparisam (15%) were affected. • Naadi – PithaVatha naadi (70%) was most commonly observed. • In Neikuri examination, 65% Pithaneer were observed. • The Toxicological study of Perungaya Chooranam revealed no toxicity. • The pharmacological study shows Anti Diabetic Activity in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. • Urine sugar Fasting and Postprandial became normal in 92.5% and 87.5% of patients respectively. • Regarding Blood sugar level, fasting and post prandial blood sugar reduced in 90% and 82.5% of the cases respectively. • HbA1C level improved in 75% of cases which shows Good control in Madhumegam. • The clinical trial shows that there is significant improvement in clinical manifestations of Madhumegam. • The Biostatistical analysis of the clinical trial shows significant p-value < 0.000 and hence the treatment was effective and significant. CONCLUSION: Madhumegam is primarily due to derangement of Pitha kutram. • The trial medicine Perungaya Chooranam predominating with Thuvarppu suvai, it neutralises the deranged Pitham by Ethirurai Maruthuvam. • Perungaya Chooranam reveals no toxicity in animal models and hence proved to be safe in human subjects. • From Preclinical Pharmacological studies, Perungaya Chooranam has Anti-Diabetic activity. • No adverse effect was reported during the clinical study. • Perungaya Chooranam significantly reduced blood sugar level and also reduced clinical features of Madhumegam. • Perungaya Chooranam is cost effective. Hence I conclude that Perungaya Chooranam will be a better Medicine that can be used in the treatment of Madhumegam