Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Effect of cultivars and planting geometry on weed infestation,growth and yield in transplanted rice .pdf

   The present study was conducted during kharif 2011 and 2012 at the research farm of College of Post Graduate Studies, Central Agriculture University, Umiam, Meghalaya in order to explore the effects of varying planting geometries of different rice cultivars in puddle condition. Three cultivars of rice - Arize 6444, Shahsarang1 and Mynri were tested under four different planting geometries viz; 20cm × 25cm, 20cm × 20cm, 20cm × 15cm and 20cm × 10cm on weed dynamics, weed dry weight. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. Data were collected pertaining to weeds infestation, growth and yield related attributes of rice. The results revealed that maximum weed suppression was observed in closest plant spacing (20cm × 10cm) in case of at 30 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT), while wider plant spacing (20cm × 20cm) proved effective regarding yield and yield related attributes. Statistically maximum leaf area index (LAI) of 9.06 and crop growth rate (CGR) of 3.96 g m-2 d-1 were recorded in widest spacing of 20cm × 25cm. Weed population and weed dry matter were not affected significantly by the cultivars </p

Evidence of cationic Pt active for water–gas shift reaction: Pt-doped BaCeO₃ perovskite

Precious metal incorporated into stable lattices like perovskites can be envisaged as an alternative catalysts to address deactivation problems. Here we report the barium cerate perovskite doped with varying amounts of Pt as catalysts for the water–gas shift reaction whereby ionic Pt is evidenced to be active. It is found that maximum CO conversion occurs above 325 °C and increases more than 2-fold after the first cycle. XPS analysis shows that after the first cycle, more ionic Pt species are present on the surface of the catalyst. X-ray and neutron diffraction studies also indicate the presence of oxygen vacancies that increases with increasing Pt substitution

Effect of Rock Phosphate, Single Super Phosphate and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria on Phosphorus Concentration and Dry Matter Yield of Paddy

The majority of tropical and subtropical soils are acidic which are mostly deficient in phosphorus and have strong phosphorus sorption capacity. Exploring different phosphorus inputs is essential not only to increase crop production but also to improve soil phosphorus status to avoid further soil degradation. Acidic nature of the soils of these regions help to solubilize the rock phosphate and increases the amount of phosphorus that is made available to the plants. A pot experiment was conducted in Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal (Manipur) during kharif season of 2021 to study the effect of rock phosphate, single super phosphate and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria on phosphorus concentration and dry matter yield of paddy. To each experimental pot, recommended dose of 60 kg of N ha-1 in the form of urea and 30 kg K2O ha-1 in the form of muriate of potash were applied as basal and thoroughly mixed with the soil. Rock phosphate and single super phosphate were administered to the pots as phosphorus sources according to different sets of treatment based on the recommended amount of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 for paddy. Seeds were treated with Bacillus megatherium. Result revealed that the changes in soil phosphorus concentration and dry matter yield of paddy were significantly affected by rock phosphate applied either singly or in combination with single super phosphate and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria. All the parameters showed different trend of changes during the whole crop growth stages till harvest. Among the treatments higher values were recorded in soil treated with T10 (50% recommended dose of P2O5 from single super phosphate + 50% recommended dose of P2O5 from rock phosphate + phosphorus solubilizing bacteria). Addition of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria enhances release of less soluble and fixed forms into easily available form as well as reduces phosphorus fixation. Efficiency of rock phosphate as phosphorus source for crop production is improved by the solubility effect of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria

Impact of Various Nitrogen Rates on the Performance of Winter Potato (Var. Kufri Sindhuri) in Valley Areas of Manipur, India

The research was aimed at analyzing the performance of winter potato under different nitrogen rates at the experimental fields of College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal. The variety Kufri Sindhuri was cultivated during the winter seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 under three different nitrogen rates- 120 kgha-1 (N1), 100 kgha-1 (N2) and 80 kgha-1 (N3) using drip irrigation. The results indicated that plants fertilized with 120 kgha-1 nitrogen recorded maximum germination percentage (86.17%), plant height (40.47cm), number of shoots plant-1 (4.50), stem girth (0.56cm), crop growth rate (17.96gm-2day-1), relative growth rate (2.75gg-1day-1), weight of tubers per plant (1.04kg) and tuber yield (19.96t/ha) amongst other treatments. Thus, concluding that healthy plants and good yield of potato was obtained when fertilized with 120 kgha-1 of Nitrogen in Imphal

Induction of induced systemic resistance in capsicum chilli against Colletotrichum truncatum through fungal biocontrol agents

To induce the systemic resistance in capsicum against Colletotrichum truncatum an experiment was conducted with two biocontrol agents viz., Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma asperellum in pot culture. The induced resistance was monitored by increase in activities of five defense related enzymes viz., peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the accumulation of phenols and β -1,3-glucanase were also noticed in capsicum upon challenge inoculation with C. truncatum, the causal agent for anthracnose or fruit rot in capsicum. The activities of defense enzymes reached a peak at eight days after inoculation (DAI) with the pathogen. Native PAGE analysis revealed the expression of an additional isoforms of PO and PPO were observed in biocontrol agents treated seedlings due to induced systemic resistance (ISR) introduction. Prior treatment of capsicum seedlings with biocontrol agents triggered the plant defense mechanism in response to infection by C. capsici. Hence, it is speculated that among the various direct antagonistic tools, ISR is also the one indirect tool by which the tested biocontrol agents afforded resistance to capsicum against the pathogen

Evidence of Cationic Pt Active for Water–Gas Shift Reaction: Pt-Doped BaCeO₃ Perovskite

Precious metal incorporated into stable lattices like perovskites can be envisaged as an alternative catalysts to address deactivation problems. Here we report the barium cerate perovskite doped with varying amounts of Pt as catalysts for the water–gas shift reaction whereby ionic Pt is evidenced to be active. It is found that maximum CO conversion occurs above 325 °C and increases more than 2-fold after the first cycle. XPS analysis shows that after the first cycle, more ionic Pt species are present on the surface of the catalyst. X-ray and neutron diffraction studies also indicate the presence of oxygen vacancies that increases with increasing Pt substitution