NANOENCAPSULATION AUGMENTS RELEASE EFFICACY AND GLUCOSE TOLERANCE OF 14-DEOXY, 11, 12-DIDEHYDRO ANDROGRAPHOLIDE LOADED POLYCAPROLACTONE NANOPARTICLES IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-NICOTINAMIDE INDUCED TYPE 2 DIABETES

Objective: This study was designed to study the release efficacy and glucose tolerance of 14-deoxy, 11, 12-didehydroandrographolide loaded polycaprolactone nanoparticles in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetes. Methods: Biodegradable polymer based novel drug delivery systems had brought a considerable attention to improve therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of various drugs. In this study, 14-deoxy-11, 12-didehydroandrographolide (sparingly water soluble) loaded polycaprolactone (nano-DDA) was synthesized using polyvinyl alcohol and tween20 as surfactants. MTT assay was performed to analyse the cytotoxicity of both the formulations on L6 myoblasts. Free DDA and nano-DDA were administered orally to the streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced experimental diabetic rats for 45d. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out at the end of the study. After one week washout period, animals were administered with free and nano-DDA and release efficacy of DDA from polymer matrix and concentration of glucose were analysed. Results: MTT assay revealed that nano-DDA prepared using tween-20 as a surfactant elicited cytotoxicity towards L6 myoblasts, whereas nano-DDA prepared using polyvinyl alcohol as a surfactant remained non-toxic till 10µM. OGTT studies revealed an initial increase of glucose at 30 min followed by a progressive decrease in the glucose level. In rat plasma, a gradual decrease in glucose level was observed up to 32h (139 mg/dl) for free DDA, whereas nano-DDA exhibited a major decrease in glucose concentration at 32h (115 mg/dl) which continued even after 48h (117 mg/dl). Conclusion: A slow and sustained release of DDA from the polymer matrix substantiated that nanoencapsulation enhanced the oral bioavailability of DDA which resulted in decreasing the concentration of glucose which could be due to the pronounced antihyperglycemic activity of nano-DDA over free DDA

Navigating Power Structures: Symbolism, Realism, and Naturalism in The Grapes of Wrath through a Postcolonial Lens

This paper explores the representation and negotiation of power systems in John Steinbeck’s famous book “The Grapes of Wrath” by using a postcolonial framework. This study seeks to identify the manner in which questions of power, oppression, and resistance are depicted in the book by analyzing its themes of symbolism, realism, and naturalism through the lens of postcolonial theory. This study examines the symbolic meaning of people, situations, and events connected to hegemonic systems and colonial legacies through rigorous textual analysis. Additionally, it explores how the novel’s naturalism and realism illuminate the historical, socio-economic and environmental surroundings, emphasizing the connection between systemic inequality and power dynamics. This study clarifies how colonial ideas sustain exploitation and disenfranchisement by examining the experiences of marginalized groups, including tenant farmers, migrant labourers, and indigenous communities. Finally, this study advances our knowledge of how literature can be a platform for opposing and criticizing established power systems. It provides insights into the resilience and resistance strategies used by marginalized people

An Observational study to evaluate the effect of Vaitarana Basti in the management of Vatakaphaja Gridhrasi vis-à-vis Sciatica

Sciatica refers to the low back pain radiating to lower limb in a dermatomal distribution. Sciatica is a common cause of pain and disability; it is more persistent and severe than low back pain. Sciatica prevalence from different studies ranged from 1.2% to 43%. Physical activity at work and occupational workload, such as lifting, work related twisting of the trunk, occupational exposure to whole body vibration for example machine operators, motor vehicle drivers have also been suggested to be risk factors for Sciatica. Obesity has previously been linked to Sciatica. All these factors create pressure on spinal cord producing low back ache and radiating pain. Signs and Symptoms of Sciatica shows close resemblance with Gridhrasi. In Ayurveda, Acharya Vangasena has mentioned Vaitarana Basti in the management of Gridhrasi. Vaitarana Basti adopted here in this study has a direct reference for Gridhrasi in Vangasena samhita and Acharya Chakradutta while mentioning Vaitarana Basti has indicated it in Shula, Vatakaphaja vikaras. Considering the ingredients, it is a Shodhana, Teekshna type of Basti which is beneficial in Vatakaphaja Gridhrasi. A minimum of 20 subjects who fulfilled the diagnostic and inclusion criteria were subjected to the intervention. The overall results in the study revealed statistically highly significant result

Anisotropic magnetic and superconducting properties of pure and Co-doped CaFe2_2As2_2 single crystals

We report anisotropic dc magnetic susceptibility $\chi(T)$, electrical resistivity $\rho(T)$, and heat capacity $C(T)$ measurements on the single crystals of CaFe$_{2-x}$Co$_x$As$_2$ for $x$ = 0 and 0.06. Large sized single crystals were grown by the high temperature solution method with Sn as the solvent. For the pure compound with $x$ = 0, a high temperature transition at 170 K is observed which is attributed to a combined spin density wave (SDW) ordering and a structural phase transition. On the other hand, for the Co-doped samples for $x$ = 0.06, the SDW transition is suppressed while superconductivity is observed at $\simeq$17 K. The superconducting transition has been confirmed from the magnetization and electrical resistivity studies. The $^{57}$Fe M\"ossbauer spectrum in CaFe$_2$As$_2$ indicates that the SDW ordering is incommensurate. In the Co-doped sample, a prominent paramagnetic line at 4.2 K is observed indicating a weakening of the SDW state.Comment: 4 pages 5 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev.

Some folk medicinal plants of Bhiravakona hills of Prakasam district, A. P., India

Mankind has blessed with variety of natural products which help us in day to day life. These extraordinary substances help us to treat different ailments of human beings and other pet animals. In the recent years ethnopharmaocology played a vital role in the undeveloped and developing countries of the Globe. The present communication deals with the plants used to treat different ailments of local people of Bhiravakona hills of Andhra Pradesh, India. 153 plant species have been identified for 19 different  ailments. plants used for each ailment are  Abortion (7), Acidity (9),Asthama (8), Cold (7), Cough (8), Diabetes (15), Diarrhoea (17), Dysentery (31), Fever(29),Fractures (9), Head ache (8), Jaundice (15), Kidney Stones (3), Malaria fever (3), Piles (11), Sexual disease (1), Skin disease (22), Stomachache (14) and Ulcers. Depending upon the plant part used, root constitutes the highest percentage (30.72%) of utilization and wood, latex; inflorescence and corm the lowest (0.65%).There is an urgent need for follow-up ethnopharmacological screening based on local people claims and beliefs and formulate and standardize some herbal medicines based on ethnotherapeutics either with single plant or in combination for their safe and sustained use for human welfare

INTEND AND MANUFACTURE OF RCC BEAMS USING FIBBER CONTAINS FOR HIGH POTENCY

Worldwide, a large amount of study is presently being performed worrying using fiber enhanced cling wrap, laminates as well as sheets in the fixing as well as fortifying of strengthened concrete participants. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) application is a really reliable method to fix as well as enhance frameworks that have actually come to be structurally weak over their life expectancy. FRP repair service systems supply a financially feasible option to conventional repair work systems as well as products. Speculative examinations on the flexural as well as shear practices of RC beam of lights reinforced making use of constant glass fiber strengthened polymer (GFRP) sheets are performed. On the surface strengthened concrete beam of lights with epoxy-bonded GFRP sheets were checked to failing making use of an in proportion 2 factors focused fixed filling system. 2 collections of beam of lights were casted for this speculative examination program. In SET I 3 beams of lights weak in flexure were casted, out of which one is managed beam of light and also various other 2 light beams were enhanced making use of constant glass fiber enhanced polymer (GFRP) sheets in flexure. In SET II 3 beam of lights weak in shear were casted, out of which one is the regulated light beam and also various other 2 light beams were enhanced utilizing constant glass fiber enhanced polymer (GFRP) sheets in shear. The fortifying of the light beams is finished with various quantity and also arrangement of GFRP sheets