Оцінка рівня фізичної підготовленості хлопців 11–12 років під впливом занять різними видами туризму

In article the question, concerning influence of taking up of different types of tourism on the development of the main physical qualities of 11–12 aged boys is considered. Changes in indices during two years of taking up are detected and it is defined, what physical qualities are main and develop most of all in each type of tourism. It is detected that in foot tourism main quality is flexibility, in bicycle – rapidness, dexterity and speed-power qualities, in water tourism – forceРассмотрен вопрос влияния занятий разными видами туризма на развитие главных физических качеств мальчиков 11–12 лет. Установлены изменения в показателях на протяжении двух лет занятий и определенно, какие физические качества являются главными и развиваются больше всего в каждом из видов туризма. Определено, что в пешеходном туризме ведущим физическим качеством является гибкость, в велосипедном – скорость, ловкость и скоростно-силовые качества, в водном – сила.Визначено вплив занять різними видами туризму на розвиток головних фізичних якостей хлопців 11–12 років. Встановлено зміни у показниках рухових якостей впродовж двох років занять і визначено, які з них є головними і розвиваються найбільше у кожному з видів туризму. Визначено, що у пішохідному туризмі провідною фізичною якістю є гнучкість, у велосипедному – швидкість, спритність та швидкісно-силові якості, у водному – сила

Bone marrow-derived cells in ocular neovascularization: contribution and mechanisms

Ocular neovascularization often leads to severe vision loss. The role of bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) in the development of ocular neovascularization, and its significance, is increasingly being recognized. In this review, we discuss their contribution and the potential mechanisms that mediate the effect of BMCs on the progression of ocular neovascularization. The sequence of events by which BMCs participate in ocular neovascularization can be roughly divided into four phases, i.e., mobilization, migration, adhesion and differentiation. This process is delicately regulated and liable to be affected by multiple factors. Cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin are involved in the mobilization of BMCs. Studies have also demonstrated a key role of cytokines such as stromal cell-derived factor-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor, in regulating the migration of BMCs. The adhesion of BMCs is mainly regulated by vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular endothelial cadherin. However, the mechanisms regulating the differentiation of BMCs are largely unknown at present. In addition, BMCs secrete cytokines that interact with the microenvironment of ocular neovascularization; their contribution to ocular neovascularization, especially choroidal neovascularization, can be aggravated by several risk factors. An extensive regulatory network is thought to modulate the role of BMCs in the development of ocular neovascularization. A comprehensive understanding of the involved mechanisms will help in the development of novel therapeutic strategies related to BMCs. In this review, we have limited the discussion to the recent progress in this field, especially the research conducted at our laboratory

Isolation, characterization and quantification of bioactive dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan (-)-cubebin from fruits of Piper cubeba L.f.

The fruits of Piper cubeba L.f. have significance in traditional medicine (Ayurveda) and reports say that its activity is due to major lignan (-)-cubebin, which is a bioactive dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan and possess analgesic, anti-histaminic, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Column chromatography is mostly used for the isolation of lignans from plant sources which is laborous and time consuming process. Therefore, the purpose of this research work is to develop simple and convenient method for isolation of (-)-cubebin from fruits of P cubeba L.f. The isolated compound was characterised by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), UV/visible spectroscopy (UV), infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectroscopy (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis (NMR). Further high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify (-)-cubebin in chloroform extract of the fruits.

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI;mso-no-proof:yes" lang="EN-GB">Isolation, characterization and quantification of bioactive dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan (-)-cubebin from fruits of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Piper cubeba </i>L.f.</span>

189-193<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" mangal;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi;mso-no-proof:yes"="" lang="EN-GB">The fruits of Piper cubeba L.f. have significance in traditional medicine (Ayurveda) and reports say that its activity is due to major lignan (-)-cubebin, which is a bioactive dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan and possess analgesic, anti-histaminic, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Column chromatography is mostly used for the isolation of lignans from plant sources which is laborous and time consuming process. Therefore, the purpose of this research work is to develop simple and convenient method for isolation of (-)-cubebin from fruits of P cubeba L.f. The isolated compound was characterised by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), UV/visible spectroscopy (UV), infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectroscopy (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis (NMR). Further <span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" mangal;mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-no-proof:yes"="">high performance liquid chromatography (<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" mangal;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi;mso-no-proof:yes"="" lang="EN-GB">HPLC) was used to quantify (-)-cubebin in chloroform extract of the fruits. </span

IMPACTS OF HYPOTHETICAL FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION CHANGES IN NORTH AMERICA

We utilize the Global Trade Analysis Project model to estimate the global fruit and vegetable (F&V) market impacts arising from increases in F&V demand and income levels. If F&V demand increased exclusively in the United States, we find that the market price impacts outside the U.S. would be most pronounced in Mexico. We also find that an increase in F&V demand in either the U.S. exclusively or throughout North America would lead to pronounced income increases in Mexico and equatorial countries. Changes in F&V consumption in these regions are modest, as higher incomes attenuate F&V price increases. We also find nominal impacts in countries outside of North America resulting from a North American consumption increase vis-a-vis an increase occurring exclusively in the United States

Development of a dedicated ethanol ultra-low emission vehicle (ULEV) system design

The objective of this 3.5 year project is to develop a commercially competitive vehicle powered by ethanol (or ethanol blend) that can meet California`s ultra-low emission vehicle (ULEV) standards and equivalent corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) energy efficiency for a light-duty passenger car application. The definition of commercially competitive is independent of fuel cost, but does include technical requirements for competitive power, performance, refueling times, vehicle range, driveability, fuel handling safety, and overall emissions performance. This report summarizes a system design study completed after six months of effort on this project. The design study resulted in recommendations for ethanol-fuel blends that shall be tested for engine low-temperature cold-start performance and other criteria. The study also describes three changes to the engine, and two other changes to the vehicle to improve low-temperature starting, efficiency, and emissions. The three engine changes are to increase the compression ratio, to replace the standard fuel injectors with fine spray injectors, and to replace the powertrain controller. The two other vehicle changes involve the fuel tank and the aftertreatment system. The fuel tank will likely need to be replaced to reduce evaporative emissions. In addition to changes in the main catalyst, supplemental aftertreatment systems will be analyzed to reduce emissions before the main catalyst reaches operating temperature