Early increases in plasminogen activator activity following partial hepatectomy in humans

Background Increases in urokinase-like plasminogen activator (uPA) activity are reported to be amongst the earliest events occurring in remnant liver following partial hepatectomy in rats, and have been proposed as a key component of the regenerative response. Remodelling of the extracellular matrix, conversion of single chain hepatocyte growth factor to the active two-chain form and a possible activation of a mitogenic signalling pathway have all been ascribed to the increased uPA activity. The present study aimed to determine whether similar early increases in uPA activity could be detected in the remnant liver following resection of metastatic tumours in surgical patients. Results Eighteen patients undergoing partial hepatectomy for the removal of hepatic metastases secondary to primary colonic tumours were studied. Increased plasminogen activator activity was found in the final liver samples for the group of patients in whom the resection size was at least 50%. For smaller resections, the increased activity was not observed. The increased activity did not correlate with the age of the patient or with the time between the start of resection and the end of the operation. There was, however, a negative correlation between plasminogen activator activity and the time for which blood supply to the liver was clamped. Conclusions Our findings are in accordance with those from experimental animal models and show, for the first time, that rapid increases in plasminogen activator activity can occur following similarly large liver resection in humans. Thus, increases in plasminogen activator activity are an early event in the remnant liver following major liver resection in man. Our observations provide support for the contention that increases in plasminogen activators play a key role in the initiation of hepatic regeneration in man

Bit Error Rates for Ultrafast APD Based Optical Receivers: Exact and Large Deviation Based Asymptotic Approaches

Exact analysis as well as asymptotic analysis, based on large-deviation theory (LDT), are developed to compute the bit-error rate (BER) for ultrafast avalanche-photodiode (APD) based optical receivers assuming on-off keying and direct detection. The effects of intersymbol interference (ISI), resulting from the APD\u27s stochastic avalanche buildup time, as well as the APD\u27s dead space are both included in the analysis. ISI becomes a limiting factor as the transmission rate approaches the detector\u27s bandwidth, in which case the bit duration becomes comparable to APD\u27s avalanche buildup time. Further, the effect of dead space becomes significant in high-speed APDs that employ thin avalanche multiplication regions. While the exact BER analysis at the generality considered here has not been reported heretofore, the asymptotic analysis is a major generalization of that developed by Letaief and Sadowsky [IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 38, 1992], in which the LDT was used to estimate the BER assuming APDs with an instantaneous response (negligible avalanche buildup time) and no dead space. These results are compared with those obtained using the common Gaussian approximation approach showing the inadequacy of the Guassian approximation when ISI noise has strong presence

UWB elliptical patch monopole antenna with dual-band notched characteristics

In this paper, a new approach to the design of an UWB monopole antenna with dual band-notched characteristics is presented.   The antenna has the form of an elliptical monopole over a ground plane having an elliptical slot to achieve the UWB. The dual-band notch function is created by inserting a U-shaped and a C-shaped slots on the radiating patch, thus no extra size is needed. The proposed antenna shows a good omnidirectional radiation pattern across the band from 3.2 to more than 14 GHz. The dual band-rejection is for 4.88-5.79GHz centered at 5.4GHz and 7.21-8.46 GHz centered at 7.8 GHz. The antenna prototype using the FR-4 substrate with εr=4.3 has a compact size of 25mm×25 mm ×1.45mm. The fabricated prototype showed experimental results comparable to those obtained from the simulations

Natural Radioactivity Measurement in Soil Samples From The New Kufa University Location, Iraq

Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf city on of the most important cities in Iraqi country it was chosen as the cultural Islamic capital for 2012 by the Islamic world ,Kufa university will be played big role of liability, cultural and education efficacies, this city had been exposed to artillery bombard expand along different areas in 1991 and 2003 in our research we try to test the studying area to know The total absorbed dose rate and the most possible hazards for this reasons the study was done. The natural radiation of thirty two samples of soil which collected randomly in June 2012 from the new Kufa University location were measured using Na(Tl) detection. The mean values activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K was (25.73±11.23 , 3.72±0.81 and 165.16±9.39 ) Bq kg-1 respectively . The highest value of the Radium equivalent activity was (30.870) Bq.kg–1 in (S2) which mean that all the soil samples values lower than (370Bq kg-1) the world average . External and internal hazard and gamma activity concentration (representative level index) indexes were lower than unity for all samples . The average value of absorbed dose rate calculated from activity concentration of 238U , 232Th and 40K was (20.553) nGy h-1 this value coincident to recommended. Annual effective dose in (?Sv/y) varies from (36.912) (?Sv/y) in (S15) to (15.460) (?Sv/y) in (S8) , all the soil samples have the annual effective dose less than the world average 460 (?Sv/y). The results can be consider as base values for distribution of natural radionuclides in the region and will be used as references information to assess any changed in the radioactive background level due to geological processes

On Higher N-Derivation Of Prime Rings

The main purpose of this work is to introduce the concept of higher N-derivation and study this concept into 2-torsion free prime ring we proved that:Let R be a prime ring of char. 2, U be a Jordan ideal of R and be a higher N-derivation of R, then , for all u U , r R , n N

The philosophy of the workplace spirituality in the third millennium organizations: A field study at the Ministry of Health Center

Purpose: The research aims to build an integrated knowledge framework for the basic research topic. The spirituality of the workplace is through access to the most important scientific proposals on these topics. In Management Thought Framing the knowledge within them in a serious attempt is to provide the appropriate answers about the intellectual dilemma of research. By diagnosing the nature of the relationship with the influential elements and its historical development . METHODOLOGY: The study relied on the analytical survey method. The research sample targeted (88) managers in the center of the Iraqi Ministry of Health exclusively from the researched senior leaders (general manager, assistant general manager, and head of department), and the main tool for research was represented by relying on solid international standards For the research variable after it has been adapted to the needs of the Iraqi environment, hypotheses and data analysis have been tested using the appropriate statistical tools (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, differential coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis) Theoretical results: The research results are formulated according to the process of intellectual reasoning and philosophical variables. Workplace spirituality in its broad sense encompasses a multidimensional concept linked to hope, desires, thinking patterns, emotions, feelings and behaviors. They are critical element in organizations' interactions with employees , customers and the community Individuals were able to integrate into their careers and enhance their job satisfaction . Practical results: The results of the statistical analysis showed the weak interest of the Ministry of Health in the spirituality of the workplace, as a result of the Ministry’s focus on routine official aspects and neglecting the spiritual aspects, feelings, and feelings of workers, which generally affected the organizational climate of the Ministry, which lost it the element of spiritual interaction that is most in need The result of the ministry’s work, which calls for a spirituality in the workplace. Originality/ Value: Focusing on the emotional and spiritual aspect of the employees. Technological developments have adversely affected social communication between employees and The sense of isolation has increased. This has adversely affected performance and creativity at work. So it was necessary to increase the actual attention to spiritual reality in the workplace. This is evidenced by the fact that some organizations have begun to set up special sections dealing with the spirituality of the workplace as the case within the American Academy, the spirituality of management and the religious interests group (MSR Group). To address specific spiritual issue