Process approach: the way to improve the quality of high-tech products

В статье представлен процесс регламентации бизнес-процесса «Изготовление источников питания», описанного с использованием методологии IDEF0 и программного продукта Business Studio 4.0 на примере подразделения, которое занимается разработкой и изготовлением сварочных источников тока. При моделировании процесса изготовления источников питания была построена матрица атрибутов, в которой определены цели и задачи процессов, владельцы на каждом этапе процесса, несущие ответственность за ход и за результат, определены входы и выходы (документы) процесса, а также критерии результативности и/или эффективности процесса, для осуществления оперативного управления на всех этапах изготовления конечной продукции. В результате работы был разработан комплект документов, в состав которого вошли: регламент процесса изготовления источников тока, положение о подразделении, должностные инструкции сотрудников, участвующих в процессе. Деятельность по регламентации процесса проводилась в рамках подготовки подразделения к сертификации в соответствии с требованиями стандарта ГОСТ РВ 0015-002-2012 «Система разработки и постановки продукции на производство военной техники. Системы менеджмента качества. Общие требования» в системе добровольной сертификации «Военный регистр»

Zur selbsttätig sicheren Begrenzung von nuklearer Leistung und Brennstofftemperatur in innovativen Kernreaktoren

Nuclear energy probably will not contribute significantly to the future worldwide energysupply until it can be made catastrophefree. Therefore it has to be shown, that theconsequences of even largest accidents will have no major impact to the environmentof a power plant.In this paper one of the basic conditions for such a nuclear technology is discussed.Using mainly the modular pebble-bed high-temperature reactor as an example, thedesign principles, analytical methods and the level of knowledge as given today incontrolling reactivity accidents by inherent safety features of innovative nuclear reactorsare described. Complementary possibilities are shown to reach this goal with systems ofdifferent types of construction . Questions open today and resulting requirements forfuture activities are discussed .Today's knowledge credibly supports the possibility of a catastrophefree nucleartechnology with respect to reactivity event

Diversity of Francisella Species in Environmental Samples from Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts

We determined whether Francisella spp. are present in water, sediment, and soil from an active tularemia natural focus on Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, during a multiyear outbreak of pneumonic tularemia. Environmental samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting Francisella species 16S rRNA gene and succinate dehydrogenase A (sdhA) sequences; evidence of the agent of tularemia was sought by amplification of Francisella tularensis-specific sequences for the insertion element ISFTu2, 17-kDa protein gene tul4, and the 43-kDa outer membrane protein gene fopA. Evidence of F. tularensis subsp. tularensis, the causative agent of the human infections in this outbreak, was not detected from environmental samples despite its active transmission among ticks and animals in the sampling site. Francisella philomiragia was frequently detected from a brackish-water pond using Francisella species PCR targets, and subsequently F. philomiragia was isolated from an individual brackish-water sample. Distinct Francisella sp. sequences that are closely related to F. tularensis and Francisella novicida were detected from samples collected from the brackish-water pond. We conclude that diverse Francisella spp. are present in the environment where human cases of pneumonic tularemia occur

Flux pinning characteristics in cylindrical ingot niobium used in superconducting radio frequency cavity fabrication

We present the results of from DC magnetization and penetration depth measurements of cylindrical bulk large-grain (LG) and fine-grain (FG) niobium samples used for the fabrication of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities. The surface treatment consisted of electropolishing and low temperature baking as they are typically applied to SRF cavities. The magnetization data were fitted using a modified critical state model. The critical current density Jc and pinning force Fp are calculated from the magnetization data and their temperature dependence and field dependence are presented. The LG samples have lower critical current density and pinning force density compared to FG samples which implies a lower flux trapping efficiency. This effect may explain the lower values of residual resistance often observed in LG cavities than FG cavities

Coherent localization exhibited by unequal Auger Doppler components.

If coherent superpositions such as the symmetry eigenstates gerade and ungerade are in turn coherently superimposed, localization occurs. This effect is studied by the intensities of the Doppler components of electrons emitted from dissociating fragments of superexcited O2. The measurements show clear evidence for such coherent localization

Host-Pathogen O-Methyltransferase Similarity and Its Specific Presence in Highly Virulent Strains of Francisella tularensis Suggests Molecular Mimicry

Whole genome comparative studies of many bacterial pathogens have shown an overall high similarity of gene content (>95%) between phylogenetically distinct subspecies. In highly clonal species that share the bulk of their genomes subtle changes in gene content and small-scale polymorphisms, especially those that may alter gene expression and protein-protein interactions, are more likely to have a significant effect on the pathogen's biology. In order to better understand molecular attributes that may mediate the adaptation of virulence in infectious bacteria, a comparative study was done to further analyze the evolution of a gene encoding an o-methyltransferase that was previously identified as a candidate virulence factor due to its conservation specifically in highly pathogenic Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis strains. The o-methyltransferase gene is located in the genomic neighborhood of a known pathogenicity island and predicted site of rearrangement. Distinct o-methyltransferase subtypes are present in different Francisella tularensis subspecies. Related protein families were identified in several host species as well as species of pathogenic bacteria that are otherwise very distant phylogenetically from Francisella, including species of Mycobacterium. A conserved sequence motif profile is present in the mammalian host and pathogen protein sequences, and sites of non-synonymous variation conserved in Francisella subspecies specific o-methyltransferases map proximally to the predicted active site of the orthologous human protein structure. Altogether, evidence suggests a role of the F. t. subsp. tularensis protein in a mechanism of molecular mimicry, similar perhaps to Legionella and Coxiella. These findings therefore provide insights into the evolution of niche-restriction and virulence in Francisella, and have broader implications regarding the molecular mechanisms that mediate host-pathogen relationships

Prozessdampferzeugung mit Hochtemperaturreaktoren

Es wird eine kurze Beschreibung einer Reaktoranlage zur Prozeßdampferzeugung und Gegendruckstromerzeugung anhand von Übersichtszeichnungen sowie Datenlisten gegeben. Die gegenüber bisherigen Reaktorkonstruktionen, z.B. THTR, abweichenden Merkmale wie Einwegbeschickung, Loopbauweise der Dampferzeuger, unterirdische Bauweise, vollkeramischer Coreaufbau, werden besonders herausgestellt. Diese Arbeit wurde in enger Zusammenarbeit mit der STEAG Essen und Komponentenherstellern durchgeführt. Ihnen allen sei an dieser Stelle unser Dank ausgesprochen

Die Energiesituation in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und zukünftige Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten

Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit wird eine Analyse der heutigen Struktur des Energieverbrauchs in der BRD durchgefUhrt. Die in der nächsten Zeit noch zu erwartenden Veränderungen, die im wesentlichen zu einer weiteren Verschlechterung der Stellung der Kohle führen dürften, werden kurz erörtert. Da der Wärmemarkt auch in der Zukunft seine zentrale Stellung in der Energieversorgung sobald nicht einbüßen wird, sollte ein genügend großer Anteil der Kohle am Energiehaushalt aus Gründen der Versorgungssicherheit und wegen der Möglichkeit der Preisstabilisierung erhalten bleiben. Dieses Ziel ist unter den heutigen Bedingungen nicht zu erreichen. Mit Hilfe der Kernenergie könnte hier jedoch ein Wandel eintreten. Es werden einige mögliche Verfahren der Vergasung fossiler Brennstoffe(Erdgas, Erdöl, Braunkohle, Steinkohle) mit Hilfe von Kernreaktorwärme beschrieben, verbunden mit einer kurzen Darstellung der hierbei auftretenden technischen Probleme. Die Frage der Verwendung der erzeugten Gase wird im letzten Teil der Arbeit untersucht. Eine ausgedehnte Anwendung könnte Wasserstoff bei der Direktreduktion in der Eisenschaffenden Industrie, bei der Ammoniakherstellung und der Methanolsynthese finden. Auch die Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese könnte heute unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen in der BRD wirtschaftlich sein. Für das Bergius-Verfahren der Kohlehydrierung trifft dies zum heutigen Zeitpunkt zwar nicht zu, doch soll hier einmal das Potential dieses Verfahrens unter neuartigen Bedingungen abgeschätzt werden. Zum Schluß werden noch kurze Ausführungen über die Anwendung der Gase bei der Schwerölhydrierung und der Äthylenherstellung gemacht