Collateralization of the pathways descending from the cerebral cortex to brain stem and spinal cord in cat and monkey

The present study deals with the collateralization of the descending pathways from the cerebral cortex to the brain stem and the spinal cord in cat and monkey. The distributions of the branching cortical neurons were studied using retrograde fluorescent tracers. In addition, a new retrograde fluorescent tracer is describe

Pengaruh Hardening Pada Baja Jis G 4051 Grade S45c Terhadap Sifat Mekanis Dan Struktur Mikro

Steel represents a metallic material which is still dominantly used in the engineering industry and mechanical construction. In order to fulfil the industrial demand, the high quality and mechanical properties of steel has to be always available.It is necessary to conduct a heat-treatment process to identify the improvement of mechanical properties and microstructure of steel JIS G 4051 grade S 45 C .Results of the heat-treatment process indicate that the maximum tensile strength of the investigated steel is 1074 MPa , it is earning from the warm-up temperature 860 °C and the highest hardness of the investigated steel is 579 HV it is earning from the warm-up temperature 920 °C . These results meet to AISI – SAE 1045 or JIS G 4051 grade S 45 C standard

Pengaruh Las Tahanan Listrik terhadap Kekuatan Mekanis Pipa Baja Api 5l – X52 ( 24” X 12.70 Mm )

Peranan teknologi pengelasan dalam mendukung berbagai sektor industri terutama dalam bidang fabrikasi dirasakan semakin meningkat dimasa-masa mendatang. Hal ini dirasakan dengan semakin meningkatnya permintaan terhadap berbagai jenis kontruksi dengan persyaratan kualitas semakin tinggi. Maka untuk meningkatkan kualitas dibutuhkan syarat mutu baik bahan baku yang berkualitas maupun proses produksi dengan teknologi yang canggih dan sumber daya manusia yang terampil.Mutu sambungan las biasanya diukur dari komposisi kimia dari logam, kekuatan dan keuletan serta struktur mikro yang terbentuk pada sambungan las.untuk melakukan pengelasan yang berkwalitas tinggi PT. BAKRIE PIPIE INDUSTRIES menggunakan metode Pengelasan Kampuh Kontinyu ( Continuous Seam Welding ) dan untuk mengetahui kekuatan dari pipa baja API 5L X-52 ( 24” X 12.70mm) maka dilakukan pengujian yang meliputi : Pengujian Tarik, Kekerasan metode Vickers dan Struktur Mikro dengan membandingkan kekuatan daerah HAZ dan Base Metal serta Fusion Line sesuai dengan standar yang telah ditetapkan.Berdasarkan pengujian secara keseluruhan, menunjukkan bahwa data hasil pengujian sesuai standar. Untuk pengujian tarik menunjukkan bahwa Kuat Tarik daerah Weld lebih tinggi dari Transe ini dikarenakan Post Weld Heat - treatment, ( perlakuan panas setelah pengelasan ) sangat efktif. Untuk pengujian kekerasan daerah Base Metal yang paling keras, karena tidak terkena perlakuan panas

Regulation of Coding and Non-coding Genes: New insights obtained through analysis of high-throughput sequencing data

The genetic code of a cell is kept in its DNA. However, a vast number of functions of a cell are carried out by proteins. Through gene expression the genetic code can be expressed and give rise to proteins. The expression of genes into proteins follows two steps: transcription of DNA into RNA and translation of (messenger-)RNA into proteins. This thesis concerns these two steps in gene expression, which are very different from a molecular point-ofview

Maternal oxytocin response predicts mother-to-infant gaze

The neuropeptide oxytocin is importantly implicated in the emergence and maintenance of maternal behavior that forms the basis of the mother-infant bond. However, no research has yet examined the specific association between maternal oxytocin and maternal gaze, a key modality through which the mother makes social contact and engages with her infant. Furthermore, prior oxytocin studies have assessed maternal engagement primarily during episodes free of infant distress, while maternal engagement during infant distress is considered to be uniquely relevant to the formation of secure mother-infant attachment. Two patterns of maternal gaze, maternal gaze toward and gaze shifts away from the infant, were micro-coded while 50 mothers interacted with their 7-month-old infants during a modified still-face procedure. Maternal oxytocin response was defined as a change in the mother's plasma oxytocin level following interaction with her infant as compared to baseline. The mother's oxytocin response was positively associated with the duration of time her gaze was directed toward her infant, while negatively associated with the frequency with which her gaze shifted away from her infant. Importantly, mothers who showed low/average oxytocin response demonstrated a significant decrease in their gaze toward their infants during periods of infant distress, while such change was not observed in mothers with high oxytocin response. The findings underscore the involvement of oxytocin in regulating the mother's responsive engagement with her infant, particularly in times when the infant's need for access to the mother is greatest

DAC-Less amplifier-less generation and transmission of QAM signals using sub-volt silicon-organic hybrid modulators

We demonstrate generation and transmission of optical signals by directly interfacing highly efficient silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) modulators to binary output ports of a field-programmable gate array. Using an SOH Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) and an SOH IQ modulator we generate ON-OFF- keying and binary phase-shift keying signals as well as quadrature phase-shift keying and 16-state quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) formats. Peak-to-peak voltages amount to only 0.27 V-pp for driving the MZM and 0.41 V-pp for the IQ modulator. Neither digital-to-analog converters nor drive amplifiers are required, and the RF energy consumption in the modulator amounts to record-low 18 fJ/bit for 16QAM signaling

Fandom

This entry presents an overview of the development and current state of fan studies, exploring the “reverse image” of media effects. The field of fan studies offers the ultimate rebuttal of the traditional media effects-model, by stressing the independence, agency and power of media consumers vis-à-vis media producers. After providing a short historiography of the discipline, this entry dives deeper into three themes that have been central to discussions within fan studies since its early beginnings: fan fiction, fan communities, and places of fandom

Silicon-Organic Hybrid (SOH) Mach-Zehnder Modulators for 100 Gbit/s On-Off Keying

Electro-optic modulators for high-speed on-off keying (OOK) are key components of short- and mediumreach interconnects in data-center networks. Besides small footprint and cost-efficient large-scale production, small drive voltages and ultra-low power consumption are of paramount importance for such devices. Here we demonstrate that the concept of silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) integration is perfectly suited for meeting these challenges. The approach combines the unique processing advantages of large-scale silicon photonics with unrivalled electro-optic (EO) coefficients obtained by molecular engineering of organic materials. In our proof-of-concept experiments, we demonstrate generation and transmission of OOK signals with line rates of up to 100 Gbit/s using a 1.1 mm-long SOH Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) which features a {\pi}-voltage of only 0.9 V. This experiment represents not only the first demonstration of 100 Gbit/s OOK on the silicon photonic platform, but also leads to the lowest drive voltage and energy consumption ever demonstrated at this data rate for a semiconductor-based device. We support our experimental results by a theoretical analysis and show that the nonlinear transfer characteristic of the MZM can be exploited to overcome bandwidth limitations of the modulator and of the electric driver circuitry. The devices are fabricated in a commercial silicon photonics line and can hence be combined with the full portfolio of standard silicon photonic devices. We expect that high-speed power-efficient SOH modulators may have transformative impact on short-reach optical networks, enabling compact transceivers with unprecedented energy efficiency that will be at the heart of future Ethernet interfaces at Tbit/s data rates

A quantitative metric for the comparative evaluation of optical clearing protocols for 3D multicellular spheroids

3D multicellular spheroids quickly emerged as in vitro models because they represent the in vivo tumor environment better than standard 2D cell cultures. However, with current microscopy technologies, it is difficult to visualize individual cells in the deeper layers of 3D samples mainly because of limited light penetration and scattering. To overcome this problem several optical clearing methods have been proposed but defining the most appropriate clearing approach is an open issue due to the lack of a gold standard metric. Here, we propose a guideline for 3D light microscopy imaging to achieve single-cell resolution. The guideline includes a validation experiment focusing on five optical clearing protocols. We review and compare seven quality metrics which quantitatively characterize the imaging quality of spheroids. As a test environment, we have created and shared a large 3D dataset including approximately hundred fluorescently stained and optically cleared spheroids. Based on the results we introduce the use of a novel quality metric as a promising method to serve as a gold standard, applicable to compare optical clearing protocols, and decide on the most suitable one for a particular experiment