Validation of frozen section in intraoperative decision making in malignancies

INTRODUCTION: The Frozen section procedure is a laboratory procedure to perform rapid microscopic pathological analysis of specimen. The technical name of this procedure is Cryosection. Frozen section is an important tool in the armamentarium of the surgical oncologist. Intraoperative diagnosis is extremely important and may provide direct evidence and foundation for the extent of the surgery. AIM OF STUDY: To validate the efficacy of frozen section in the intraoperative management of various malignancies , by comparing it with the permanent paraffin section. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study Design: Prospective study Place of study : Department of Surgical Oncology Govt. Royapettah hospital, Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai. Duration of study : October 2011 – January 2014. Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients requiring frozen section for primary diagnosis. When preoperative diagnosis/ biopsy not possible. Unexpected intraoperative findings & to assess the presence of synchronous lesions. 2. In patients with known malignancy; To assess margin status, To assess the extent of disease, 3. For assessment of lymph nodes; For establishing a diagnosis, To assess involvement of the node, in case of known primary, Sentinel node evaluation in selected cases. 4. Assessment of specimen adequacy To assess the adequacy of specimen in difficult biopsies Exclusion criteria: 1. When intraoperative pathological diagnosis has no immediate surgical implications. 2. Technically difficult specimen such as heavily ossified tissue. 3. When the primary diagnosis is not known and the primary lesion size < 1 cm, Frozen section is not indicated because enough tissue would not be available for the permanent section. CONCLUSION: Frozen section is reliable and accurate for intraoperative evaluation of nodes, margin status and for the primary diagnosis of most tumors. However, it has limited value in the evaluation of certain tumors like melanoma, follicular neoplasms of the thyroid, lymphomas, borderline ovarian tumors and pancreatic mass lesions. Tumors with a large necrotic component and very small samples pose challenges in evaluation by frozen section due to high sampling errors and technical difficulty respectively. Frozen section evaluation is an accurate means of intraoperative diagnosis and its efficacy can be validated at our centre

Survey on wavelet based image fusion techniques

Image fusion is the process of combining multiple images into a single image without distortion or loss of information. The techniques related to image fusion are broadly classified as spatial and transform domain methods. In which, the transform domain based wavelet fusion techniques are widely used in different domains like medical, space and military for the fusion of multimodality or multi-focus images. In this paper, an overview of different wavelet transform based methods and its applications for image fusion are discussed and analysed

An Effective Authentication Scheme for Distributed Mobile Cloud Computing Services using a Single Private Key

Mobile cloud computing comprises of cloud computing, mobile computing and wireless network. Providing secure and convenience for the mobile users to access multiple cloud computing services is essential. This paper furnish an effective way of providing the authentication for the mobile users to access multiple cloud computing services. The proposed scheme outfit a secure and expediency for mobile users to access several cloud computing services from multiple service providers using a single private key. Our proposed scheme is based on bilinear pairing cryptosystem. In addition, the scheme also supports mutual authentication, key exchange, user anonymity. To overcome the vulnerabilities of traditional methods, from system implementation point of view, the proposed scheme eliminates the usage of verification tables that are required to store the user credentials(user ID and password) which are the part of smart card generator service and cloud computing service provider

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF INORGANIC ACID, BASIC RADICALS, AND ESTIMATION OF BIOMOLECULES IN THE FLOWER EXTRACT OF BUTEA SUPERBA ROXB.

Objective: Medicinal plants have different chemicals in their roots, stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits. In human history, medicinal plants play a vital role in the traditional medicine because of herbal plants have a great nutritive value, and some of them are also used in medicine. The efficacy of medicinal plants is mainly allied with their components such as secondary metabolites and inorganic acid, and basic radicals considered that prolonged intake can cause health problems if the heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, and other impurities are the threshold concentrations.Methods: In the present study, the flower extract of Butea superba was analyzed for the inorganic acid and basic radicals and the estimation of total saponins, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The above protocols were done using standard methods.Results: The flower extract of B. superba revealed that the inorganic acid radicals such as chromate, phosphate, and sulfate and the basic radicals such as lead, arsenic, and ferrous showed that positive results. The percentage of total saponins, terpenoids, and alkaloids were compared in the following order, saponins&lt;terpenoids&lt;alkaloids as 4.181±0.017%&lt;79.833±0.351%&lt;107.823±0.105%, respectively.Conclusion: The present study revealed that the inorganic acid and basic elements of B. superba flower extract. The estimation of secondary metabolites such as total saponins, terpenoids, and alkaloids proved that the flower extract of B. superba is used to treat many diseases

Affinity study of -lactalbumin nanoparticles in a mixed solvent environment using Laplace transform technique

ABSTRACT. Effect of pH and cosolvent on the stabilization of protein structure is a well established study in protein or food science. Of the various interesting applications of protein nanoparticles, making it as a drug or bioactive compound carrier is of vital importance. This application of protein nanoparticle demands the affinity priority of protein with the available components of the medium. The basis of such studies lies in the synthesis of such protein nanoparticles and their characterizations. Secondly the knowledge of priority in affinity of protein to a particular solvent is essential. On this basis, the present work deals with the ultrasonic analysis of hydophobic interactions exhibited by the α-lactalbumin nanoparticle synthesised by heat treatment using acetone as desolvating agent. In order to enrich the variations in hydrophobicity, pH and cosolvent (fructose) are included in the study. The results are compared with one of our earlier work and are interpreted in terms of the interactions existing among the components and the evolved discussions reveal that the bulk nature of the medium is controlled by the existing hydrophobicity interactions. Further, as a novel attempt, the preference of protein particle to interact with a particular solvent in mixed solvent environment is elucidated using Laplace transform technique. This approach is expected to torch light in protein science in fixing the most desirable solvent in mixed solvent environment. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; KEY WORDS: a-Lactalbumin, Fructose, Laplace Transform, Diffusion, Hydrophobic interactions &nbsp; Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(3), 659-668. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i3.1

Semantically Secured Non-Deterministic Blum–Goldwasser Time-Based One-Time Password Cryptography for Cloud Data Storage Security

The security level of outsourced data is significant in cloud storage. Few research works have been designed for secured cloud data storage. However, the data security level was lower because the authentication performance was not effective. In order to overcome such drawbacks, a Semantically Secured Non-Deterministic Blum–Goldwasser Time-Based One-Time Password Cryptography (SSNBTOPC) Technique is proposed. The SSNBTOPC Technique comprises three steps, namely key generation, data encryption and data decryption for improving cloud data storage security with lower cost. Initially, in SSNBTOPC Technique, the client registers his/her detail to the cloud server. After registering, the cloud server generates the public key and secret key for each client. Then, clients in cloud encrypt their data with the public key and send the encrypted data to the cloud server for storing it in the database. Whenever the client needs to store or access the data on cloud storage, the client sends the request message to the cloud server. After getting the requests, cloud server authenticates the clients using their secret key and Time-based One-Time Password (TOTP). After the verification process, SSNBTOPC Technique allows only authorized clients to get data on cloud storage. During data accessing process, the client data is decrypted with their private key. This helps for SSNBTOPC Technique to improve the cloud storage security with a minimal amount of time. The SSNBTOPC Technique carried outs the experimental evaluation using factors such as authentication accuracy, computational cost and data security level with respect to a number of client and data. The experimental result shows that the SSNBTOPC Technique is able to increases the data security level and also reduces the computational cost of cloud storage when compared to state-of-the-art works

Mid-infrared Gas Sensing Using Graphene Plasmons Tuned by Reversible Chemical Doping

Highly confined plasmon modes in nanostructured graphene can be used to detect tiny quantities of biological and gas molecules. In biosensing, a specific biomarker can be concentrated close to graphene, where the optical field is enhanced, by using an ad-hoc functional layer (e.g., antibodies). Inspired by this approach, in this paper we exploit the chemical and gas adsorption properties of an ultrathin polymer layer deposited on a nanostructured graphene surface to demonstrate a new gas sensing scheme. A proof-of-concept experiment using polyethylenimine (PEI) that is chemically reactive to CO2 molecules is presented. Upon CO2 adsorption, the sensor optical response changes because of PEI vibrational modes enhancement and shift in plasmon resonance, the latter related to polymer-induced doping of graphene. We show that the change in optical response is reversed during CO2 desorption. The demonstrated limit of detection (LOD) of 390 ppm corresponds to the lowest value detectable in ambient atmosphere, which can be lowered by operating in vacuum. By using specific adsorption polymers, the proposed sensing scheme can be easily extended to other relevant gases, for example, volatile organic compounds.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version