Harnessing Medicinal Plant Phytochemicals: Unveiling Pharmacological Potential and Novel Drug Delivery Strategies

The significant progress in the field of anticancer research has spurred a growing interest in bioactive compounds with potential pharmacological properties. One well-established challenge in utilizing these natural bioactives is their inherent low solubility, leading to limited bioavailability and difficulties in formulating effective drug delivery strategies to specific target sites. In response to this challenge, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the development of innovative drug delivery systems. Our analysis focuses on published data related to key plant secondary metabolites known for their potent anticancer potential, specifically the flavone, isoflavone, and stilbene groups, which have been successfully formulated using novel drug delivery systems. While the precise mechanisms of action for these selected natural compounds remain a subject of ongoing investigation, their anticancer effects are undeniable. Consequently, current research efforts are primarily dedicated to identifying these bioactive compounds' most effective delivery systems. Recent studies aim to elucidate the exact mechanisms of action and therapeutic benefits of these compounds and address the crucial issue of designing suitable natural compound delivery systems capable of efficiently transporting therapeutic doses to the intended target sites. This multifaceted approach underscores the ongoing commitment to advancing the field of anticancer research and improving the delivery of bioactive compounds with promising anticancer potential

Study of gastrointestinal toxicity of selective COX-2 inhibitors in comparison with conventional NSAIDs

Background: Adverse gastrointestinal events are the commonest unwanted effects of the NSAIDs, and are believed to result mainly from the inhibition of gastric COX-1, which is responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins that normally inhibit acid secretion and protect the mucosa. Previous studies report, that selective COX-2 inhibitors are safer when compared to non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors, regarding their adverse effects on gastrointestinal system. But, recent studies reveal, that gastrointestinal safety of these selective COX-2 inhibitors is not much better than that of conventional NSAIDs. In view of the wider usage of selective COX-2 inhibitors, the study has been taken up to report, whether selective COX-2 inhibitors have got any advantages over conventional NSAIDs or not, in regard to their gastrointestinal side effects.Methods: Patients were divided into eight groups, fifteen patients of each. Each group was given one of the NSAIDs from the eight drugs those were selected for the study, for 15 days. In the selected group, along with the symptomatic assessment of gastric toxicity, both pre and post-treatment values of Hb% are estimated, tabulated & subjected to statistical analysis.Results: Both the drugs, diclofenac & meloxicam have shown significant changes in the Hb% values (‘p’ value 0.02 each), whereas selective COX-2 inhibitors like nimesulide & celecoxib were no less in gastric toxicity, in comparison with diclofenac, on symptomatic assessment.Conclusions: In our short-term study, selective COX-2 inhibitors did not show any advantage over non-selective NSAIDs regarding their gastrointestinal toxicity

Effect of pregnancy induced hypertension on pregnancy outcome: a hospital based cross sectional study at a tertiary care hospital

Background: I Pregnancy induced hypertension causes intra uterine growth retardation, pre-mature delivery, intra uterine death of fetus, abruption placentae. It also causes increased morbidity and mortality among women. The objective of the present study is to observe the effect of pregnancy induced hypertension on pregnancy outcome.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out to study the effect of pregnancy induced hypertension on pregnancy outcome for a period of two years from April 2004 to March 2006 at Gandhi Medical College, Hyderabad. Results: The mean maternal age in group I was 22.9 years comparable to group II. The incidence of PIH was 10.7% among primipara compared to 9.1% among multi parous women. Mean gestational age at entry to the present study was comparable among both the groups. Mean gestational age at delivery was higher in normotensive women compared to women with PIH. The incidence of low birth weight was 70% among PIH group compared to only 16.7% in normotensive group and this difference was found to be statistically significant. The incidence of intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) was 70% among PIH group compared to only 16.7% in normotensive group and this difference was found to be statistically significant. The incidence of pre-term delivery was 70% among PIH group compared to only 16.7% in normotensive group and this difference was found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: T Pregnancy induced hypertension was positively associated with adverse outcome. Early diagnosis and proper management can help to overcome and tackle most of the adverse outcomes. 

Simulation of High Step-Up Resonant Parallel LC Converter for Grid Connected Renewable Energy Sources

With the rapid improvement of large-scale renewable energy sources and HVDC grid, it is a capable alternative to connect the renewable energy sources to the HVDC grid with a pure dc system, in which high-power high-voltage step-up dc–dc converters are the key equipment to transmit the electrical energy. This paper presents a High step up LC converter it can achieve high voltage gain using an LC parallel resonant tank.Also provided zero voltage switching (ZVS) technology under switch turn-On condition also at turn-Off conditions at main power switches by rectifying diodes to reduce the conduction losses. The operation principle of the converter and its resonant parameter selection is presented in this paper. The operation principle of the converter has been successfully verified with the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK

Evaluation of cowhage (Mucuna pruriens L.) genotypes for growth, yield and quality characters in arecanut plantation under hill zone of Karnataka

Cowhage (Mucuna pruriens L.) is leguminous medicinal plant grown in the tropics. Eight cowhage genotypes were used to study the performance of their growth, yield and quality characters in arecanut plantation under hill zone of Karnataka. Significant differences were recorded in genotypes with respect growth, yield and quality attributes. The genotype Arka Dhanvantari recorded the maximum vine length (282.03 cm) and number of trifoliate leaves (71.03) at harvest. Maximum number of bunches per plant (6.47), stem girth (0.93 cm), pods per bunch (4.00), number of bunches per plant (4.67) and pod yield per plant (136.38 g) was produced in genotype IIHR Selection-2. Genotype Arka Aswini exhibited maximum pod length (11.02 cm) and pod width (1.89 cm) over other genotypes. Maximum seed yield per plant (96.13 g), per plot (2.88 kg) and per hectare (3384.56 kg) was recorded in the genotype IIHR Selection-2. Genotype Arka Aswini exhibited maximum 100 seed weight (136.23 g). Maximum L-DOPA content (5.17 %) was recorded in genotype Arka Aswini which was followed by IIHR Selection-2 (4.69 %). The genotype IIHR Selection-2 recorded maximum L-DOPA yield (4.52 g plant-1)

Study of various predictors influencing success with artificial insemination husband

Background: Infertility effects more than 180 million people world-wide and couples should be evaluated to focus on the modifiable factors and various interventions to optimize the results before switching to costly treatments. Artificial insemination husband is one such treatment where various prognostic factors determine the success. Methods: The present study was done in department of reproductive medicine and surgery GSL medical college .All infertile couples attending the clinic and satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria after proper consent were enrolled for study. Various relevant prognostic factors determining outcome were analysed statistically using the chi square test, the Fischer exact test, and the one way ANNOVA test. Results: In present study, the prevalence of positive pregnancy after IUI procedure was 14.7%. The total pregnancy rate per cycle was 10.6%. Among prognostic factors total motile sperm count, semen preparation technique and first AIH cycle showed positive correlation with the outcome. Conclusions: According to the results of the current study, intrauterine insemination (IUI) can provide many infertile couples with an opportunity of parenting. Before beginning this type of therapy, it is crucial to make the right selection of cases and conduct a thorough assessment of the couples

Preparation and evaluation of ciprofloxacin loaded chitosan-gelatin composite films for wound healing activity

Natural polymers are used as lead compounds for design of drugs in treatment of different ailments. Chitosan and gelatin have proven wound healing properties individually. As both have wound healing property, the combination of these two polymers and incorporation of drugs into the composite films may show improvement in wound healing activity. Thus, the composite films and drug loaded films were evaluated for various in vitro evaluation tests to ascertain the applicability of prepared combination for wound healing activity. The composite films were prepared with increase in gelatin concentration and the drug loaded films were prepared with increased concentrations of drug in optimized composite film. These films were evaluated for thickness, folding endurance, water absorption capacity, antibacterial activity, tensile strength, drug load, content uniformity, in vitro drug release by diffusion studies and in vivo wound healing studies by excision wound model using albino rats. The drug loaded films shown significant difference in folding endurance, water absorption capacity, antibacterial activity when compared to optimized blank composite film. There was no significant difference in thickness and tensile strength of drug loaded films when compared to blank composite films. Percentage of wound contraction was more for wounds treated with ciprofloxacin loaded composite film than blank composite film. With the above results, it was concluded that ciprofloxacin loaded chitosan-gelatin composite films had shown more wound healing property than chitosan-gelatin blank composite film and blank chitosan film without interfering in strength of film.Keywords: Ciprofloxacin; Chitosan; Gelatin; Drug loaded films; Wound healing; Tensile strength

Characterization and evaluation of putative mutant populations of polyembryonic mango genotype Nekkare for dwarfing rootstock traits

Availability of dwarfing rootstocks is an important pre-requisite for improving productivity of mango orchards in India as it facilitates high density planting as well as impart uniformity within an orchard. An attempt was made to induce variability in polyembryonic mango genotype Nekkare for dwarfness by treating kernels with different doses of gamma radiation ranging from 15 to 35 Gy. Irradiation created significant variation in plant height, stem girth, number of nodes, inter-nodal length, number of leaves, leaf blade length and leaf blade width. The highest reduction in seedling height along with highest variation was observed at 35 Gy where the seedling height ranged from 11.50 to 33 cm with a mean of 23.12 cm as compared to mean plant height of 44.55 cm in control ranging from 33.50 to 56 cm. Further, the effect of irradiation on stomatal parameters was also investigated and the highest stomatal length and width was recorded at 15 Gy (63.39 μm) and 20 Gy (63.12 μm) respectively while 30 Gy treatment produced maximum stomatal density (13.85 per μm2). Furthermore, theconcentration of ABA was found to be highest (429.1 ng/gm) in morphologically dwarf (putative mutant) progenies of Nekkare. The results suggest effectiveness of induced mutation for developing dwarfing rootstocks in mango to be used in high density planting

Transform based image denoising

The Image denoising is the retrieval of quality image from the noisy image corrupted by channel noise at the time of transmission. Without denoising process it becomes very tough to carry further analysis on these types of images. In this paper, transform based image denoising techniques are proposed to address these issues for the removal of noise. The flow of work initiated with generation of sub-band coefficients using transform techniques like DCT, DWT, SWT etc. These coefficients are under goes spatial filtering process with order statistic filters like (min, max, median etc.) Then inverse transform is applied on the processes coefficients to generate denoised image. The resultant image is noiseless quality image and this can be used for further analysis

ESTIMATION OF PAROXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE FROM ITS TABLET FORMULATION BY UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

A simple, precise and accurate UV Spectrophotometric method was developed for the estimation of Paroxetine hydrochloride. The developed method obeyed Beer-Lambert’s law in the concentration range of 5-30 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.995. The recovery study was carried out at three different levels and was found to be satisfactory. The percent amount of drug estimated by this method is 100%, found to be in good agreement with label claim of marketed tablet formulation. The validation parameters like linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and ruggedness were studied and were found to be within limits. The proposed method can be adopted for routine quality control analysis of estimation of Paroxetine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulation