New Interpretation of the 1sigmauplus and 1piu Rydberg States and Valence States of Nitrogen Below the First Ionization Limit

Interpretation of Rydberg and valence states of nitrogen below first ionization limi

Absorption Spectrum of the NO Molecule. V - Survey of Excited States and Their Interactions

High resolution absorption spectrograms of excited nitrogen oxide molecular interaction

Ionization of molecular hydrogen and deuterium by a frequency-doubled Ti:sapphire laser pulses

A theoretical study of the intense-field single ionization of molecular hydrogen or deuterium oriented either parallel or perpendicular to a linear polarized laser pulse (400 nm) is performed for different internuclear separations and pulse lengths in an intensity range of $(2-13)\times10^{13}$W cm$^{-2}$. The investigation is based on a non-perturbative treatment that solves the full time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation of both correlated electrons within the fixed-nuclei and the dipole approximation. The results for various internuclear separations are used to obtain the ionization yields of molecular hydrogen and deuterium in their ground vibrational states. An atomic model is used to identify the influence of the intrinsic diatomic two-center character of the problem.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure

Flavor asymmetry of polarized antiquark distributions and semi-inclusive DIS

The $1/N_c$-expansion of QCD suggests large flavor asymmetries of the polarized antiquark distributions in the nucleon. This is confirmed by model calculations in the large-$N_c$ limit (chiral quark-soliton model), which give sizable results for $\Delta\bar u (x) - \Delta\bar d (x)$ and $\Delta\bar u (x) + \Delta\bar d (x) - 2 \Delta \bar s (x)$. We compute the contributions of these flavor asymmetries to the spin asymmetries in hadron production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering. We show that the large flavor asymmetries predicted by the chiral quark-soliton model are consistent with the recent HERMES data for spin asymmetries in charged hadron production.Comment: 21 pages, LaTeX2e, 9 eps figures include

Enimies to Mankind : Convict Servitude, Authority, and Humanitarianism in the British Atlantic World

This study examines the role that British convict transportation and penal servitude in America played in the early history of humanitarianism. During the eighteenth century Britons\u27 and Americans\u27 ideas about moral obligations and suffering changed drastically toward traditionally detested people, including transported convicts, enslaved Africans, sailors, and the poor. Historians have made it clear that people in the eighteenth century created unprecedented ways to understand the human condition, and studying coerced labor of all kinds tells scholars more about how unfreedom shaped the language, ethics, and practices of the early stages of humanitarianism. In the eighteenth century British courts banished over 50,000 convicted men, women, and children to the American colonies, many of whom were sold as convict servants. This study argues that emerging ideas of punishment, morality, and unfreedom evoked by convict labor created new moral responsibilities, widened the plane of sympathies, and inspired novel denunciations of suffering in eighteenth century Anglo-American culture. Institutional banishment and convict servitude had unintentional consequences for both Britain and America, and moralists and elites constructed a new discursive environment that raised complex questions and generated new debates about labor, coercion, and cruelty in the Age of Enlightenment and Revolution

Luminosity density estimation from redshift surveys and the mass density of the Universe

In most direct estimates of the mass density (visible or dark) of the Universe, a central input parameter is the luminosity density of the Universe. Here we consider the measurement of this luminosity density from red-shift surveys, as a function of the yet undetermined characteristic scale R_H at which the spatial distribution of visible matter tends to a well defined homogeneity. Making the canonical assumption that the cluster mass to luminosity ratio M/L is the universal one, we can estimate the total mass density as a function \Omega_m(R_H,M/L). Taking the highest estimated cluster value M/L ~300h and a conservative lower limit R_H > 20 Mpc/h, we obtain the upper bound \Omega_m < 0.1 . We note that for values of the homogeneity scale R_H in the range R_H ~ (90 +/- 45) hMpc, the value of \Omega_m may be compatible with the nucleosynthesis inferred density in baryons.Comment: 16 pages, latex, no figures. To be published in Astrophysical Journal Letter

Time-resolved spectroscopy of the excited electronic state of reaction centers of Rhodopseudomonas viridis

The spectral properties of the excited electronic state of the reaction centers of Rhodopseudomonas (Rps.) viridis are studied by dichroic transient absorption spectroscopy with sub-picosecond time resolution. The theoretical analysis of the experimental results allows the assignment of the transient absorption from two dimer bands of the special pair and show its excitonic coupling to other pigments