Antibacterial activity of nano goldparticles synthesized by Bacillus Sps.

The synthesis and bioactivity of gold nanoparticles has been extensively studied. However, the antibacterial activity of gold nano particles individually or in combination with different antibiotics has not been demonstrated. In the present study the effect of gold nano particles on the antibacterial activity of different antibiotics was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, k.pnemonea, P.aureginosa, E.coli. Disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of various antibiotics in the absence and presence of sub inhibitory concentration of gold nano particles. A clinical isolates of S. aureus, k.pnemonea, p.aureginosa,E.coli.  were used as the test strains. In the presence of sub-inhibitory concentration of gold nano particles the antibacterial activities of all antibiotics have . Increased from minimum 2 mm to a maximum of 8 mm. The highest increase was observed for ceftazidime followed by genthamycin. These results signify that the gold nano particles potentiate the antimicrobial action of cephalosporins and amino glycosides, suggesting a possible utilization of nano compounds in combination therapy against S. aureus, k.pnemonea, p.aureginosa,E.coli

Mudahnya Berwirausaha di Era Milenial dan Pengenalan Marketplace

Masyarakat didesa Karangdaganganan bermatapencaharian sebagai petani buah, sayur dan kacang-kacangan, buruh tani dan sebagian adalah pedagang. Hasih pertanian didesa Karangdagangan yang menonjol adalah buah-buahan dan sayur mayur. Dalam kesehariannya orang-orang di desa Karangdagangan melakukan aktivitas bertani di sawah. Karena kurangnya pengetahuan bidang pemasaran para petani kurang memiliki keterampilan untuk meningkatkan daya jual,  mereka masih mengunakan cara lama dalam memasarkan hasil panennya yaitu masih bergantung pada tengkulak yang datang untuk membeli hasil panennya. Metode pendekatan untuk pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini meliputi metode ceramah,diskusi, dan workshop (pelatihan). Metode ceramah dan diskusi dilaksanakan pada kegiatan sosialisasi berwirausaha diera milenial dan pengenalan marketplace.. Metode yang digunakan pada kegiatan ini adalah menggunakan metode workshop melalui bentuk sosialisasi, pelatihan, dan pendampingan secara intensif sampai dapat merancang dan memasarkan produk hasil pertanian menggunakan media marketplace. Melalui kegiatan pelatihan ini diharapkan dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh pihak mitra. Hasil dari kegiatan ini dapat memberikan tambahan wawasan dan pengetahuan serta keterampilan ibu-ibu PKK desa Karangdagangan mengenai memasarkan produk hasil pertanian melalui media marketplace, menumbuhkan gairah baru ibu-ibu PKK desa Karangdagangan dalam memasarkan produk hasil pertaniannya dengan cara lain yaitu melalui media marketplace, dan membantu ibu-ibu PKK desa Karangdagangan agar dapat merancang strategi dalam memasarkan produk hasil pertaniannya dengan mudah

Deep-Sea Debris in the Central and Western Pacific Ocean

Marine debris is a growing problem in the world’s deep ocean. The naturally slow biological and chemical processes operating at depth, coupled with the types of materials that are used commercially, suggest that debris is likely to persist in the deep ocean for long periods of time, ranging from hundreds to thousands of years. However, the realized scale of marine debris accumulation in the deep ocean is unknown due to the logistical, technological, and financial constraints related to deep-ocean exploration. Coordinated deep-water exploration from 2015 to 2017 enabled new insights into the status of deep-sea marine debris throughout the central and western Pacific Basin via ROV expeditions conducted onboard NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer and RV Falkor. These expeditions included sites in United States protected areas and monuments, other Exclusive Economic Zones, international protected areas, and areas beyond national jurisdiction. Metal, glass, plastic, rubber, cloth, fishing gear, and other marine debris were encountered during 17.5% of the 188 dives from 150 to 6,000 m depth. Correlations were observed between deep-sea debris densities and depth, geological features, and distance from human-settled land. The highest densities occurred off American Samoa and the main Hawaiian Islands. Debris, mostly consisting of fishing gear and plastic, were also observed in most of the large-scale marine protected areas, adding to the growing body of evidence that even deep, remote areas of the ocean are not immune from human impacts. Interactions with and impacts on biological communities were noted, though further study is required to understand the full extent of these impacts. We also discuss potential sources and long-term implications of this debris.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms

Exploration of the Southern California Borderland

Oceanography articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format as long as users cite the materials appropriately (e.g., authors, Oceanography, volume number, issue number, page number[s], figure number[s], and DOI for the article), provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate the changes that were made to the original content

Perencanaan Jalan Alternatif di Desa Tiyingtali – Tumingal, Kabupaten Karangasem, Provinsi Bali

Road is an access that connects one place to another in one land. This alternative road planning aims to reduce travel time from existing roads. This research was carried out in several steps, namely: problem formulation, location survey, data collection, data processing so that relevant analysis is obtained. The research location will be planned on the Tiyingtali - Tumingal road section, Abang District, Karangasem Regency. The results of this study produce technical calculations for Horizontal Alignment with several types of bends produced, namely: 1 (one) unit of Spiral Circle Spiral bend, and 2 (two) units of Spiral Spiral Bend. With thick pavement, namely Surface Course 2.5 cm, Base Course 10 cm and Sub Base Course 10 cm. So that road users can pass safely and comfortably.Jalan merupakan akses yang menghubungkan satu tempat dengan tempat lainnya dalam satu daratan. Perencanaan jalan alternatif  ini bertujuan mengurangi waktu tempuh dari jalan yang sudah ada. Penelitian ini dilakukan beberapa langkah yaitu: perumusan masalah, survey lokasi, pengumpulan data, pengolahan data sehingga didapatkan analisis yang relevan. Lokasi penelitian akan direncanakan pada ruas jalan Tiyingtali – Tumingal, Kecamatan abang, Kabupaten Karangasem. Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan perhitungan secara teknis untuk Aliyemen Horizontal dengan beberapa jenis tikungan yang dihasilkan, yaitu: 1 (satu) unit tikungan Spiral Circle Spiral, dan 2 (dua) unit Tikungan Spiral Spiral. Dengan tebal perkerasan jalan, yaitu Surface Course 2,5 cm, Base Course 10 cm dan Sub Base Course 10 cm. Sehingga pengguna jalan dapat melintas dengan aman dan nyaman

Fructooligosaccharides integrity after atmospheric cold plasma and high-pressure processing of a functional orange juice

peer-reviewedIn this study, the effect of atmospheric pressure cold plasma and high-pressure processing on the prebiotic orange juice was evaluated. Orange juice containing 7 g/100 g of commercial fructooligosaccharides (FOS) was directly and indirectly exposed to a plasma discharge at 70 kV with processing times of 15, 30, 45 and 60 s. For high-pressure processing, the juice containing the same concentration of FOS was treated at 450 MPa for 5 min at 11.5 °C in an industrial equipment (Hyperbaric, model: 300). After the treatments, the fructooligosaccharides were qualified and quantified by thin layer chromatography. The organic acids and color analysis were also evaluated. The maximal overall fructooligosaccharides degradation was found after high-pressure processing. The total color difference was < 3.0 for high-pressure and plasma processing. citric and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) showed increased content after plasma and high-pressure treatment. Thus, atmospheric pressure cold plasma and high-pressure processing can be used as non-thermal alternatives to process prebiotic orange juice

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Diagnosis Penyakit Sapi Potong Menggunakan K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN)

AbstrakIndustri peternakan merupakan salah satu industri yang penting dalam bidang penyediaan nutrisi makanan sehingga pertumbuhan produk ternak bisa menciptakan suatu ancaman kesehatan masyarakat dimana menyebabkan permasalahan kesehatan. Kurangnya pengetahuan peternak sapi potong mengenai berbagai penyakit yang menyerang serta solusi penanganan salah satu alasan  memanajemen kesehatan ternak dirasa cukup menyulitkan beberapa peternak. Pengembangan sistem pendukung keputusan yang menggunakan metode K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN) sebagai metode inferensi untuk mendiagnosis penyakit ini. Data 11 jenis penyakit dapat dikenali oleh sistem pendukung keputusan dan 20 jenis gejala yang dapat dikenali oleh sistem. Hasil pengujian keakuratan 325 data latih dan 11 data uji telah menghasilkan tingkat akurasi 100% dengan nilai k = 3.Kata kunci: penyakit sapi potong, sistem pendukung keputusan, K-Nearest Neighbour AbstractThe livestock industry is one industry that is important in the provision of food nutrients so that the growth of livestock products could create a public health threat which causes health problems. Lack of beef cattle farmers knowledge about the various diseases that attack as well as the handling solutions is one reason s managing animal health are considered difficult for some farmers. The development of decision support systems using K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN) as an inference method to diagnose this disease. Data 11 types of diseases can be recognized by decision support systems and 20 types of symptoms that can be recognized by the system. Results of testing the accuracy of 325 training data and test data 11 has yielded an accuracy rate of 100% with a value of k = 3.Keywords: cattle cow disease, desicion support system, K-Nearest Neighbou

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Diagnosis Penyakit Sapi Potong Menggunakan K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN)

Abstrak Industri peternakan merupakan salah satu industri yang penting dalam bidang penyediaan nutrisi makanan sehingga pertumbuhan produk ternak bisa menciptakan suatu ancaman kesehatan masyarakat dimana menyebabkan permasalahan kesehatan. Kurangnya pengetahuan peternak sapi potong mengenai berbagai penyakit yang menyerang serta solusi penanganan salah satu alasan  memanajemen kesehatan ternak dirasa cukup menyulitkan beberapa peternak. Pengembangan sistem pendukung keputusan yang menggunakan metode K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN) sebagai metode inferensi untuk mendiagnosis penyakit ini. Data 11 jenis penyakit dapat dikenali oleh sistem pendukung keputusan dan 20 jenis gejala yang dapat dikenali oleh sistem. Hasil pengujian keakuratan 325 data latih dan 11 data uji telah menghasilkan tingkat akurasi 100% dengan nilai k = 3. Kata kunci: penyakit sapi potong, sistem pendukung keputusan, K-Nearest Neighbour   Abstract The livestock industry is one industry that is important in the provision of food nutrients so that the growth of livestock products could create a public health threat which causes health problems. Lack of beef cattle farmers knowledge about the various diseases that attack as well as the handling solutions is one reason s managing animal health are considered difficult for some farmers. The development of decision support systems using K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN) as an inference method to diagnose this disease. Data 11 types of diseases can be recognized by decision support systems and 20 types of symptoms that can be recognized by the system. Results of testing the accuracy of 325 training data and test data 11 has yielded an accuracy rate of 100% with a value of k = 3. Keywords: cattle cow disease, desicion support system, K-Nearest Neighbou

Association of Treatment Effects on Early Change in Urine Protein and Treatment Effects on GFR Slope in IgA Nephropathy:An Individual Participant Meta-analysis

Rationale & Objective: An early change in proteinuria is considered a reasonably likely surrogate end point in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and can be used as a basis for accelerated approval of therapies, with verification in a postmarketing confirmatory trial. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) slope is a recently validated surrogate end point for chronic kidney disease progression and may be considered as the end point used for verification. We undertook a metaanalysis of clinical trials in IgAN to compare treatment effects on change in proteinuria versus change in estimated GFR (eGFR) slope. Study Design: Individual patient-level metaanalysis. Setting & Study Populations: Individual data of 1,037 patients from 12 randomized trials. Selection Criteria for Studies: Randomized trials of IgAN with proteinuria measurements at baseline and 6 (range, 2.5-14) months and at least a further 1 year of follow-up for the clinical outcome. Analytical Approach: For each trial, we estimated the treatment effects on proteinuria and on the eGFR slope, computed as the total slope starting at baseline or the chronic slope starting 3 months after randomization. We used a Bayesian mixed-effects analysis to relate the treatment effects on proteinuria to effects on GFR slope across these studies and developed a prediction model for the treatment effect on the GFR slope based on the effect on proteinuria. Results: Across all studies, treatment effects on proteinuria accurately predicted treatment effects on the total slope at 3 years (median R-2 = 0.88; 95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI], 0.06-1) and on the chronic slope (R-2 = 0.98; 95% BCI, 0.29-1). For future trials, an observed treatment effect of approximately 30% reduction in proteinuria would confer probabilities of at least 90% for nonzero treatment benefits on the total and chronic slopes of eGFR. We obtained similar results for proteinuria at 9 and 12 months and total slope at 2 years. Limitations: Study population restricted to 12 trials of small sample size, leading to wide BCIs. There was heterogeneity among trials with respect to study design and interventions. Conclusions: These results provide new evidence supporting that early reduction in proteinuria can be used as a surrogate end point for studies of chronic kidney disease progression in IgAN

Climate change considerations are fundamental to management of deep‐sea resource extraction

Climate change manifestation in the ocean, through warming, oxygen loss, increasing acidification, and changing particulate organic carbon flux (one metric of altered food supply), is projected to affect most deep‐ocean ecosystems concomitantly with increasing direct human disturbance. Climate drivers will alter deep‐sea biodiversity and associated ecosystem services, and may interact with disturbance from resource extraction activities or even climate geoengineering. We suggest that to ensure the effective management of increasing use of the deep ocean (e.g., for bottom fishing, oil and gas extraction, and deep‐seabed mining), environmental management and developing regulations must consider climate change. Strategic planning, impact assessment and monitoring, spatial management, application of the precautionary approach, and full‐cost accounting of extraction activities should embrace climate consciousness. Coupled climate and biological modeling approaches applied in the water and on the seafloor can help accomplish this goal. For example, Earth‐System Model projections of climate‐change parameters at the seafloor reveal heterogeneity in projected climate hazard and time of emergence (beyond natural variability) in regions targeted for deep‐seabed mining. Models that combine climate‐induced changes in ocean circulation with particle tracking predict altered transport of early life stages (larvae) under climate change. Habitat suitability models can help assess the consequences of altered larval dispersal, predict climate refugia, and identify vulnerable regions for multiple species under climate change. Engaging the deep observing community can support the necessary data provisioning to mainstream climate into the development of environmental management plans. To illustrate this approach, we focus on deep‐seabed mining and the International Seabed Authority, whose mandates include regulation of all mineral‐related activities in international waters and protecting the marine environment from the harmful effects of mining. However, achieving deep‐ocean sustainability under the UN Sustainable Development Goals will require integration of climate consideration across all policy sectors.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2020 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Lt