40 research outputs found

    Microstructure and mechanical behavior in dissimilar 13Cr/2205 stainless steel welded pipes

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    Thiswork aims to investigate the microstructure and themechanical behavior of dissimilar 13Cr Supermartensitic/2205 Duplex stainless steelwelded pipes. A wide variety ofmicrostructures resulting fromboth solidification and solid state transformation is induced by the fusion welding process across the weld joint. The tensile tests show that the deformation process of the dissimilarweld joint ismainly controlled by the two basematerials: the duplex steel at the beginning of the deformation and the supermartensitic one at its end. This is confirmed by the microtensile tests showing the overmatching effect of the weld metal. The fatigue tests conducted on dissimilar welded specimens led us to conclude that the weld metal is considered as a weak link of the weld joint in the high cycle fatigue regime. This is supported by its lower fatigue limit compared to the two basematerials that exhibit a similar fatigue behavio

    An Enhanced Hybrid Key Management Protocol for Secure Multicast in Ad Hoc Networks

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    Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. internationale.International audienceAn ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile hosts forming a temporary network without the aid of any established infrastructure or centralized administration. This exibility in space and time induces new challenges towards the security infrastructure needed to support secure unicast and multicast communications. Especially, traditional group key management architectures meant for wired networks are not appropriate in such environment due to high dynamics and mobility of nodes. In this paper, we propose an enhanced hybrid key management protocol for secure multicast dedicated to operate in ad hoc networks. Built on a protocol called BAAL dedicated to key distribution in wired networks, our approach integrates threshold cryptography and the services of the AKMP protocol to deliver fast, efficient and mobility aware key distribution in a multicast service

    L’interruption volontaire de grossesse : recommandations pour la pratique clinique — Texte des recommandations (texte court).

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    National audienceObjectif Élaborer des recommandations pour la pratique des IVG. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes Consultation de la base de donnĂ©es Medline, de la Cochrane Library et des recommandations des sociĂ©tĂ©s savantes françaises et Ă©trangĂšres. RĂ©sultats Le nombre d’IVG est stable depuis plusieurs dĂ©cennies. Il existe plusieurs Ă©lĂ©ments expliquant le choix de l’IVG lorsqu’il existe une grossesse non prĂ©vue (GNP). L’initiation prĂ©coce de la contraception et le choix de la contraception en rapport avec la vie de la femme sont associĂ©s Ă  une diminution des GNP. Les contraceptions rĂ©versibles de longue durĂ©e d’action apparaissent comme une contraception Ă  positionner en premiĂšre ligne pour l’adolescente du fait de son efficacitĂ© (grade C). L’échographie avant une IVG doit ĂȘtre encouragĂ©e mais n’est pas indispensable pour rĂ©aliser une IVG (accord professionnel). DĂšs l’apparition Ă©chographique de l’embryon, l’estimation de la datation de la grossesse se fait par la mesure de la longueur cranio-caudale (LCC) ou par la mesure du diamĂštre bipariĂ©tal (BIP) Ă  partir de 11 SA (grade B). Les mesures Ă©tant fiables Ă  ± 5 jours, l’IVG peut ĂȘtre rĂ©alisĂ©e lorsque les mesures de LCC et/ou de BIP sont respectivement infĂ©rieures Ă  90 mm et 30 mm (accord professionnel). L’IVG mĂ©dicamenteuse rĂ©alisĂ©e avec la dose de 200 mg de mifĂ©pristone associĂ© au misoprostol est efficace Ă  tout Ăąge gestationnel (NP1). Avant 7 SA, la prise de mifĂ©pristone sera suivie entre 24 et 48 heures de la prise de misoprostol par voie orale, buccale, sublinguale voire vaginale Ă  la dose de 400 ÎŒg Ă©ventuellement renouvelĂ© aprĂšs 3 heures (NP1, grade A). Au-delĂ  de 7 SA, les modes d’administration du misoprostol, par voie vaginale, sublinguale ou buccale, sont plus efficaces et mieux tolĂ©rĂ©s que la voie orale (NP1). Il est recommandĂ© d’utiliser systĂ©matiquement une prĂ©paration cervicale lors d’une IVG instrumentale (accord professionnel). Le misoprostol est un agent de premiĂšre intention pour la prĂ©paration cervicale Ă  la dose de 400 ÎŒg (grade A). L’aspiration Ă©vacuatrice est prĂ©fĂ©rable au curetage (grade B). Un utĂ©rus perforĂ© lors d’une aspiration instrumentale ne doit pas ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ© en routine comme un utĂ©rus cicatriciel (accord professionnel). L’IVG instrumentale n’est pas associĂ©e Ă  une augmentation du risque d’infertilitĂ© ultĂ©rieure ou de GEU (NP2). Les consultations mĂ©dicales prĂ©-IVG n’influent pas sur la dĂ©cision d’interrompre ou non la grossesse et une majoritĂ© de femmes est assez sĂ»re de son choix lors de ces consultations. L’acceptabilitĂ© de la mĂ©thode et la satisfaction des femmes semblent plus grandes lorsque celles-ci sont en mesure de choisir la mĂ©thode d’IVG (grade B). Il n’y a pas de relation entre une augmentation des troubles psychiatriques et le recours Ă  l’IVG (NP2). Les femmes ayant des antĂ©cĂ©dents psychiatriques sont Ă  risque accru de troubles psychiques aprĂšs la survenue d’une grossesse non prĂ©vue (NP2). En cas d’IVG instrumentale, la contraception estro-progestative orale et le patch devraient ĂȘtre dĂ©butĂ©s dĂšs le jour de l’IVG, l’anneau vaginal insĂ©rĂ© dans les 5 jours suivant l’IVG (grade B). En cas d’IVG mĂ©dicamenteuse, l’anneau vaginal devrait ĂȘtre insĂ©rĂ© dans la semaine suivant la prise de mifĂ©pristone, la contraception estro-progestative orale et le patch devraient ĂȘtre dĂ©butĂ©s le jour mĂȘme ou le lendemain de la prise des prostaglandines (grade C). En cas d’IVG instrumentale, l’implant devrait ĂȘtre insĂ©rĂ© le jour de l’IVG (grade B). En cas d’IVG mĂ©dicamenteuse, l’implant peut ĂȘtre insĂ©rĂ© Ă  partir du jour de la prise de mifĂ©pristone (grade C). Le DIU au cuivre et au lĂ©vonorgestrel doit ĂȘtre insĂ©rĂ© prĂ©fĂ©rentiellement le jour de l’IVG instrumentale (grade A). En cas d’IVG mĂ©dicamenteuse, un DIU peut ĂȘtre insĂ©rĂ© dans les 10 jours suivant la prise de mifĂ©pristone aprĂšs s’ĂȘtre assurĂ© par Ă©chographie de l’absence de grossesse intra-utĂ©rine (grade C). Conclusion L’application de ces recommandations devrait favoriser une prise en charge plus homogĂšne et amĂ©liorĂ©e des femmes dĂ©sirant une IVG. Summary Objective Develop recommendations for the practice of induced abortion. Materials and methods The Pubmed database, the Cochrane Library and the recommendations from the French and foreign Gyn-Obs societies or colleges have been consulted. Results The number of induced abortions (IA) has been stable for several decades. There are a lot of factors explaining the choice of abortion when there is an unplanned pregnancy (UPP). Early initiation and choice of contraception in connection to the woman's life are associated with lower NSP. Reversible contraceptives of long duration of action should be positioned fist in line for the teenager because of its efficiency (grade C). Ultrasound before induced abortion must be encouraged but should not be obligatory before performing IA (Professional consensus). As soon as the sonographic apparition of the embryo, the estimated date of pregnancy is done by measuring the crown-rump length (CRL) or by measuring the biparietal diameter (BIP) from 11 weeks on (grade B). Reliability of these parameters being ± 5 days, IA could be done if measurements are respectively less than 90 mm for CRL and less than 30 mm for BIP (Professional consensus). A medical IA performed with a dose of 200 mg mifepristone combined with misoprostol is effective at any gestational age (EL1). Before 7 weeks, mifepristone followed between 24 and 48 hours by taking misoprostol orally, buccally sublingually or eventually vaginally at a dose of 400 ug possibly renewed after 3 hours (EL1, grade A). Beyond 7 weeks, misoprostol given vaginally, sublingually or buccally are better tolerated with fewer side effects than oral route (EL1). It is recommended to always use a cervical preparation during an instrumental abortion (Professional consensus). Misoprostol is a first-line agent for cervical preparation at a dose of 400 mcg (grade A). Aspiration evacuation is preferable to curettage (grade B). A perforated uterus during an instrumental suction should not be considered as a scarred uterus (Professional consensus). IA is not associated with increased subsequent risk of infertility or ectopic pregnancy (EL2). The pre-abortion medical consultations does not affect, most of the time, the decision to request an IA. Indeed, a majority of women is quite sure of her choice during these consultations. Acceptability of the method of IA and satisfaction appears to be larger when they are able to choose the abortion method (grade B). There is no relationship between an increase in psychiatric disorders and IA (EL2). Women with psychiatric histories are at increased risk of mental disorders after the occurrence of an UPP (EL2). In case of instrumental abortion, oral estrogen-progestogen contraceptives and the patch should be started from the day of the abortion, the vaginal ring inserted within 5 days of IA (grade B). In case of medical abortion, the vaginal ring should be inserted within a week of taking mifepristone, oral estrogen-progestogen contraceptives and the patch should be initiated on the same day or the day after taking prostaglandins (grade C). In case of instrumental abortion, the contraceptive implant may be inserted on the day of the abortion (grade B). In case of medical abortion, the implant can be inserted on the day of mifepristone (grade C). The copper Intrauterine Device (IUD) and levonorgestrel should be inserted preferably on the day of instrumental abortion (grade A). In case of medical abortion, an IUD can be inserted within 10 days following mifepristone after ensuring by ultrasound of the absence of intrauterine pregnancy (grade C). Conclusion The implementation of these guidelines may promote a better and more homogenous care for women requesting IA in our country

    Developing Municipal e-Government in Italy: The City of Alfa Case

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    The paper aims to analyze the new trends in the public administration’s way of doing government business. Specifically, it takes stock of the various actions developed to modernize the administrative and management structures of public companies (PA) and their outcomes. The modernization effort is the result of two macro actions: public administration reforms and the successive pervasion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). The e-Government process is driven by ICTs and the search for a new way to govern. Given that many aspects of the reforms highlight the PA’s multifaceted nature, the outcome of the phenomenon also needs to be defined and studied by taking into account how it straddles the technological, organizational, managerial, informatics, relational and cultural dimensions. The paper analyzes a case study of e-Government implementation in a mid-sized municipality in Northern Italy; the aim is to understand how Italy’s new reforms and the advent of ICTs have shaped the City of Alfa’s route to change
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