6,121 research outputs found
The state of psychological services for people with physical and cognitive disabilities: an integrative systematic review
The present study investigated the state of psychotherapy for people with physical and cognitive disabilities in a systematic review. Specifically, this study analyzed qualitative and quantitative studies which examined therapistsâ abilities to conceptualize disability as a dimension of cultural competence, the models and conceptualizations of disability and psychotherapy being used with people with disabilities (PWD) in psychotherapy, and the experiences of PWD in psychotherapy. This study analyzed 18 empirical studies and integrated both qualitative and quantitative methods. Source eligibility criteria for this systematic review was the same for both qualitative and quantitative studies. Eligibility criteria included being: peer-reviewed journal articles, international and domestic locations, in the English Language, and published after 2010. This review excluded case studies. The researchers appraised the quality of each study using the Critical Appraisal Form, and recorded the research variables from each study using the Data Collection and Extraction Form. Data was then entered into customized Excel spreadsheets in the form of Evidence Tables. A synthesis of important findings was conducted to describe the similar themes found in the data. The findings of this research point to the need for further research which includes PWD in psychotherapy, such as improving therapistsâ cultural competence, more variety of psychotherapy orientations and models for PWD, and increased narratives of PWD in psychotherapy
The impact of a high versus a low glycaemic index breakfast cereal meal on verbal episodic memory in healthy adolescents
In this study, healthy adolescents consumed a) a low glycaemic index (G.I.) breakfast cereal meal, or b) a high G.I. breakfast cereal meal, before completing a test of verbal episodic memory in which the memory materials were encoded under conditions of divided attention. Analysis of remembering/forgetting indices revealed that the High G.I. breakfast group remembered significantly more items relative to the Low G.I. breakfast group after a long delay. The superior performance observed in the High G.I. group, relative to the Low G.I. group, may be due to the additional glucose availability provided by the high G.I. meal at the time of memory encoding. This increased glucose availability may be necessary for effective encoding under dual task conditions
Seeing the light : experimental signatures of emergent electromagnetism in a quantum spin ice
The "spin ice" state found in the rare earth pyrochlore magnets Ho2Ti2O7 and
Dy2Ti2O7 offers a beautiful realisation of classical magnetostatics, complete
with magnetic monopole excitations. It has been suggested that in "quantum spin
ice" materials, quantum-mechanical tunnelling between different ice
configurations could convert the magnetostatics of spin ice into a quantum spin
liquid which realises a fully dynamical, lattice-analogue of quantum
electromagnetism. Here we explore how such a state might manifest itself in
experiment, within the minimal microscopic model of a such a quantum spin ice.
We develop a lattice field theory for this model, and use this to make explicit
predictions for the dynamical structure factor which would be observed in
neutron scattering experiments on a quantum spin ice. We find that "pinch
points", seen in quasi-elastic scattering, which are the signal feature of a
classical spin ice, fade away as a quantum ice is cooled to its
zero-temperature ground state. We also make explicit predictions for the
ghostly, linearly dispersing magnetic excitations which are the "photons" of
this emergent electromagnetism. The predictions of this field theory are shown
to be in quantitative agreement with Quantum Monte Carlo simulations at zero
temperature.Comment: 26 pages, 18 figures, minor revision
Metal Layer Architectures for 2D TMD Heterostructures
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are of interest because of their potential for use in transistors and sensors due to their unique electronic and optical properties, coupled with mechanical flexibility. The band gaps of TMDs differ depending on the transition metal and dichalcogenide, the thickness of the TMD, and the structure of the TMD. To be able to tune the electronic and optical properties of TMDs, thin transition metal layers of molybdenum, tungsten, and rhenium were deposited on a silicon substrate with a 200nm oxide layer using a magnetron sputtering chamber. The film thickness and structure, surface characteristics, and conductivity were measured using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and a voltmeter, respectively. The thin transition metal films were then sent to collaborators to be exposed to sulfur or selenium to form TMDs. The TMD heterostructure will then be characterized using an AFM, SEM and Raman Spectroscopy. Then, transition metal bilayers were formed by sequentially depositing the transition metals on the silicon substrate with a 200nm oxide layer using a magnetron sputtering chamber. The film characteristics were then determined using the same methods as the single transition metal layer. The transition metal bilayers were then sent to collaborators to be exposed to sulfur or selenium to form TMDs. The bilayer TMD heterostructure will then be characterized using an AFM, SEM and Raman Spectroscopy and its optical and electronic properties will be characterized. Specifically, the electronic band gap will be evaluated and compared to the values for the monolithic monolayers. By varying the order of TMD layers, semiconductors with different band gaps will be able to be produced. This would allow for greater tailorability of the TMD semiconductors for use in applications such as flexible transistors and molecular sensors
Trends and perspectives in business psychology. What are the outcomes of the fifth International scientific-practical conference âBusiness psychology: theory and practiceâ?
The article analyzes the current state, trends and development prospects of business psychology based on the Fifth International Scientific and Practical Conference âBusiness Psychology: Theory and Practice (HSE, Moscow, Russia), which was held November, 30 â December, 1, 2018. The conference was prepared and held by the masterâs program âPsychology in Businessâ, which is the domestic scientific and practical center for the development of business psychology â a new branch in applied psychology. Presentations, their discussion, workshops showed a growing interest of researchers and practitioners to business psychology. There has been a tendency to search for a deeper psychological validation of business psychological tools, search for integrated approaches that can be the basis for the development of business psychological practice. A more clear understanding of the structure of business psychology from the perspective of personal, organisational, social, cultural factors of business management was indicated. The strengths of business psychologists were identified in the context of their ability to solve problems systematically and rely on an interdisciplinary approach. The prospects for the development of business psychology are the following: the expansion of geography and subject areas of research and practical activities of business psychology on the development of new approaches in management and organisational consulting
Dialectica Categories for the Lambek Calculus
We revisit the old work of de Paiva on the models of the Lambek Calculus in
dialectica models making sure that the syntactic details that were sketchy on
the first version got completed and verified. We extend the Lambek Calculus
with a \kappa modality, inspired by Yetter's work, which makes the calculus
commutative. Then we add the of-course modality !, as Girard did, to
re-introduce weakening and contraction for all formulas and get back the full
power of intuitionistic and classical logic. We also present the categorical
semantics, proved sound and complete. Finally we show the traditional
properties of type systems, like subject reduction, the Church-Rosser theorem
and normalization for the calculi of extended modalities, which we did not have
before
LET spectra measurements of charged particles in the P0006 experiment on LDEF
Measurements are under way of the charged particle radiation environment of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) satellite using stacks of plastic nuclear track detectors (PNTD's) placed in different locations of the satellite. In the initial work the charge, energy, and linear energy transfer (LET) spectra of charged particles were measured with CR-39 double layer PNTD's located on the west side of the satellite (Experiment P0006). Primary and secondary stopping heavy ions were measured separately from the more energetic particles. Both trapped and galactic cosmic ray (GCR) particles are included, with the latter component being dominated by relativistic iron particles. The results from the P0006 experiment will be compared with similar measurements in other locations on LDEF with different orientation and shielding conditions. The remarkably detailed investigation of the charged particle radiation environment of the LDEF satellite will lead to a better understanding of the radiation environment of the Space Station Freedom. It will enable more accurate prediction of single event upsets (SEU's) in microelectronics and, especially, more accurate assessment of the risk - contributed by different components of the radiation field (GCR's, trapped protons, secondaries and heavy recoils, etc.) - to the health and safety of crew members
Actors, Motivations and Outcomes in the Legislative Process: Policy Influence at Westminster
Legislatures in parliamentary systems are frequently seen as weak policy actors, and this is nowhere more true than of the British Westminster parliament. But real-world changes, and recent research, suggest that Westminsterâs influence is significant and growing. This raises new questions about which non-government actors are influential, which we explore through analysing 4361 amendments proposed to 12 government bills. But assessing non-government amendment âsuccessâ presents challenges, since many such proposals are clearly not sincere attempts at legislative change. We thus make two substantive contributions. First, we quantitatively assess the influence of different groups at Westminster, showing both non-government influence and cross-party working to be more extensive than traditionally assumed. Second, we link predictions about opposition and backbench parliamentariansâ motivations to the legislative amendment process, proposing a typology of motivations for such amendments, with wider application. Overall, we argue that understanding non-government parliamentariansâ diverse motivations shows that they âfailâ far less than commonly assumed
Scaling up pro-environmental agricultural practice using agglomeration payments: Proof of concept from an agent-based model
Rates of adoption of pro-environmental practices in agriculture in many parts of the world are low. In some cases, this is attributable to the private costs borne by farmers to adopt these practices, often well in advance of any benefits - public or private - that they may bring. Monetary incentives, such as through payments-for-ecosystem services (PES) programs, may be of assistance, and in this study we examine the potential for a recent innovation (the agglomeration payment) to improve adoption of pro-environmental practice in a rural agricultural context. Agglomeration payments include bonus payments for adoption by neighboring farms, which may help to encourage both compliance with the program they promote as well as the overall diffusion of the program across rural contexts. We develop an abstract agent-based model (ABM) of an agglomeration payment program to encourage adoption of the pro-environment practice of conservation agriculture (CA). We find that agglomeration payments have the potential to improve levels of adoption of pro-environmental practice per program dollar, and may help to reduce required spending on project monitoring and enforcement
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