Raspberry Pi-Based Design: A Smart Bin Revolution

India has the second-largest population after China; hence trash collection and disposal are essential in modern living. This study puts forth the idea of a clean city employing Smart Bins and their application through proper networking and one-to-many device interaction. The study describes an innovative approach to garbage collecting and user engagement using a Smart bin that was created using a Raspberry Pi, pressure sensors, and ultrasonic sensors. The suggested system additionally offers the terminal side of the web page interactions with efficient database management and warning system in accordance with the purpose of the bin. The creation of an HTML web page will display different garbage levels in each of the bins found in each ward. GSM transmissions an announcement about the specific bin to the terminal. RFID technology was used for authentication

Tuning cracks by exploiting the shape of particles and external magnetic field

Drying of a colloidal dispersion usually leads to the formation of particulate film with random cracks. The cracks in particulate film can have periodic arrangement with tuneable spacing and are known to be useful for practical applications such as for fabrication of lithographic templates and nano-channels. Various methodology has been adopted to generate the parallel and ordered cracks, the common one is via applying an external field such as magnetic field or electric field. We report here the controlled manipulation of crack orientation for colloidal films consisting of magnetically active particle (hematite ellipsoids), using an external magnetic field. Drying sessile drop experiments are performed in the presence and absence of magnetic field and a coffee ring like particle deposits are observed. The dried region consists of circular cracks in the absence of field while linear cracks (along the chord of the ring) in the presence of field. Moreover, we found that the crack orientations can be systematically altered by tuning magnetic field strength. We conjecture that the competition between the hydrodynamic torque and magnetic torque experienced by the particles during the drying of colloidal dispersion decides the final orientation of the particles and the cracks. The alteration of crack direction by controlling the orientation of ellipsoids in the particulate films by application of magnetic field is presented in detail. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Misinformation in India's 2019 National Election

This is the final version. Available on open access from the Journal of Quantitative Description: Digital Media via the DOI in this recordThis study investigates the dynamics and dissemination of political misinformation in India's 2019 national election campaign, drawing on cases identified by internationally verified fact-checkers. Many political parties and their affiliates or supporters deployed both positive (pro-party) and negative (anti-party) misinformation claims. The distribution of measures of engagement with misinformation claims on Facebook (N=4,478) show BJP, INC and CPIM were most often deploying positive or pro-party misinformation, whereas more parties were targeted with negative or anti-party misinformation. The incumbent BJP was the target of the largest number of negative misinformation claims that came from challenger parties and the INC in particular, confirming extant research from Western contexts that challengers go negative and attack incumbents while the latter tend to focus more on accomplishments. Negative or anti-party misinformation was deployed more than twice as often as pro-party misinformation and diffused farther than positive or pro-party claims.Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)South West Doctoral Training Partnershi

Comparison of safety pattern of drugs used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in a tertiary care hospital

Background: As per GOLD (Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease) guidelines bronchodilators are required for symptomatic treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Currently there is no evidence to say about the safety of fixed dose combinations used in COPD patients. Since the drugs are to be taken for longer period, it is essential to know the safety aspects of these drugs. Moreover we don’t have adequate studies and documentation to say that a particular drug combination is better and safer for COPD patients.Methods: Prospective, open labelled, randomized, comparative, interventional clinical study conducted by the Departments of Pharmacology and Pulmonary Medicine of Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital, Chitradurga in 40 COPD patients.Results: The fixed dose combinations of drugs used in both the treatment groups i.e. salmeterol/fluticasone and tiotropium/formoterol were equally safer and well tolerated. Some side effects noticed during the course of treatment were statistically significant when compared between the 2 groups, however they were milder and predictable adverse drug reactions.Conclusions: Systemic and severe adverse drug reactions were not observed during 8 week treatment period and the local side effects observed were mild in both the treatment groups. Hence the fixed dose combinations of salmeterol or fluticasone and tiotropium or formoterol are found to be safer for maintenance therapy in COPD patients

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Gmelina arborea in experimental acute and sub-acute inflammatory models in wistar rats

Background: Inflammation is a complex reaction to various injurious agents such as infections, trauma, foreign bodies, tissue necrosis, physical and chemical agents, that consists of vascular responses, migration and activation of leukocytes and systemic reactions. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are currently the most commonly prescribed drugs for treating pain and inflammation. The traditional NSAIDs usually cause various adverse effects on long term use. Gmelina arborea Linn (Gambhari) belongs to family Verbenaceae. The roots, leaves, flowers, fruits and bark are used for treating different ailments as anthelmintic, analgesic, anti-pyretic, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, diuretic and other common disorders.Methods: The study was carried out by using inflammatory models in wistar rats. The anti-inflammatory activity of G. arborea was compared with standard drug aspirin. The study parameters for acute inflammation was assessment of reduction in inflammation & the percentage inhibition of the paw edema. The parameter for the sub-acute inflammation was percentage inhibition of the dry granuloma weight.Results: The low and high dose of G. arborea root extract significantly showed the anti-inflammatory activity when compared to control group. The high dose of G. arborea extract showed comparable results in parameters like reducing inflammation, percentage inhibition of paw edema and dry granuloma weight in acute carrageenan paw edema and sub-acute inflammation cotton pellet granuloma models with standard aspirin treated group.Conclusions: Since G. arborea root extract was having all the qualities required for anti-inflammatory drug. However, no clear inference can be drawn at this stage and hence we consider the work for further extensive research

Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a semi-adiabatic diesel engine using cotton seed and neem kernel oil methyl esters

AbstractThe performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine are investigated using two methyl esters: One obtained from cotton seed oil and other from neem kernel oil. These two oils are transesterified using methanol and alkaline catalyst to produce the cotton seed oil methyl ester (CSOME) and neem kernel oil methyl ester (NKOME) respectively. These biodiesels are used as alternative fuels in low heat rejection engine (LHR), in which the combustion chamber temperature is increased by thermal barrier coating on piston face. Experimental investigations are conducted with CSOME and NKOME in a single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection LHR engine. It is found that, at peak load the brake thermal efficiency is lower by 5.91% and 7.07% and BSFC is higher by 28.57% and 10.71% for CSOME and NKOME in LHR engine, respectively when compared with conventional diesel fuel used in normal engine. It is also seen that there is an increase in NOx emission in LHR engine along with slight increase in CO, smoke and HC emissions. From the combustion characteristics, it is found that the values of cylinder pressure for CSOME and NKOME in LHR engine are near to the diesel fuel in normal engine

Interaction between coat protein and replication initiation protein of Mung bean yellow mosaic India virus might lead to control of viral DNA replication

In addition to their encapsidation function, viral coat proteins (CP) contribute to viral life cycle in many different ways. The CPs of the geminiviruses are responsible for intra- as well as inter-plant virus transmission and might determine the yield of viral DNA inside the infected tissues by either packaging the viral DNA or interfering with the viral replicative machinery. Since the cognate Rep largely controls the rolling circle replication of geminiviral DNA, the interaction between Rep and CP might be worthwhile to examine for elucidation of CP-mediated control of the viral DNA copy number. Here a reasonably strong interaction between Rep and CP of the geminivirus Mung bean yellow mosaic India virus is reported. The domain of interaction has been mapped to a central region of Rep. The replication initiation activity of Rep, i.e., its nicking and closing function, is down regulated by CP. This report highlights how CP could be important in controlling geminiviral DNA replication

Multiple stab incision technique to prevent postoperative acute compartment syndrome of leg in proximal and segmental fracture tibia and fibula: a prospective study

The objective is to study the effectiveness of Multiple stab incision technique in preventing acute compartment syndrome (ACS) in proximal and segmental fractures of both bones (Tibia and fibula) in leg. This study is prospective done at K. S. Hospital Koppal, Karnataka spanning for a period of one year (April 2020 to April 2021). A total of 20 patients of both genders aged 20-60 years were included in the study. Multiple stab incision technique was performed in patients after fixation of Tibia by either closed nailing or MIPPO plating. This procedure was done under spinal anesthesia. Multiple stab incision technique significantly decreased the chances of post-op ACS in proximal and segmental fractures of both bones (tibia and fibula) in leg. Multiple stab incision technique is help full in preventing developing compartment syndrome. 

A rare case report: unscarred uterus rupture in pregnancy with intra-abdominal missing foetal limb

Ruptured uterus is an obstetric and surgical emergency that can lead to maternal or fetal death. Spontaneous rupture of an unscarred uterus during pregnancy is a rare occurrence. The incidence of ruptured uterus is 0.3 to 1.7% in women with scarred uterus, and 0.03 to 0.08% among women with unscarred uterus. We report a rare case of spontaneous uterine rupture at 30 weeks of gestation with missing fetal limb. Later on, after doing emergency laparotomy the missing limb was found in the abdominal cavity of the patient who had an unscarred uterus. Uterine rupture occurring in an unscarred uterus is sometimes an unpredictable event. Abdominal pain occurring on a pregnant woman should be seriously managed. Ultrasound scan and external electronic fetal monitoring should be carried out rapidly so as to diagnose the uterine rupture at the earliest