Comparing Fifty Natural Languages and Twelve Genetic Languages Using Word Embedding Language Divergence (WELD) as a Quantitative Measure of Language Distance

We introduce a new measure of distance between languages based on word embedding, called word embedding language divergence (WELD). WELD is defined as divergence between unified similarity distribution of words between languages. Using such a measure, we perform language comparison for fifty natural languages and twelve genetic languages. Our natural language dataset is a collection of sentence-aligned parallel corpora from bible translations for fifty languages spanning a variety of language families. Although we use parallel corpora, which guarantees having the same content in all languages, interestingly in many cases languages within the same family cluster together. In addition to natural languages, we perform language comparison for the coding regions in the genomes of 12 different organisms (4 plants, 6 animals, and two human subjects). Our result confirms a significant high-level difference in the genetic language model of humans/animals versus plants. The proposed method is a step toward defining a quantitative measure of similarity between languages, with applications in languages classification, genre identification, dialect identification, and evaluation of translations

The effect of sublattice symmetry breaking on the electronic properties of a doped graphene

Motivated by a number of recent experimental studies, we have carried out the microscopic calculation of the quasiparticle self-energy and spectral function in a doped graphene when a symmetry breaking of the sublattices is occurred. Our systematic study is based on the many-body G$_0$W approach that is established on the random phase approximation and on graphene's massive Dirac equation continuum model. We report extensive calculations of both the real and imaginary parts of the quasiparticle self-energy in the presence of a gap opening. We also present results for spectral function, renormalized Fermi velocity and band gap renormalization of massive Dirac Fermions over a broad range of electron densities. We further show that the mass generating in graphene washes out the plasmaron peak in spectral weight.Comment: 22 Pages, 10 Figure

Delayed Onset Brain Hypoxia and Subsequent Seizures: a Rare Fatal Consequence of Undiagnosed Foreign Body Aspiration

Background: Foreign body aspiration is a common medical emergency among children that can lead to lethal complications especially in neglected or misdiagnosed cases.Case Report: This article is a report of a 15-month-old child who aspirated food materials and after chocking crisis, she presented with unspecific respiratory symptoms and treated for respiratory tract infections. After five days, sudden airway obstruction led to hypoxic brain damage and seizure. Due to unavailability of bronchoscopic facilities, extraction of foreign body was postponed and persistent hypoxia led to irreversible brain damage, seizures and finally death. This report reveals the key role of physicians in prompt diagnosis and the importance of early extraction of aspirated foreign bodies, even in asymptomatic cases, to prevent later complications and related mortality and morbidity.Conclusion: This report contains warning hints for professionals in different fields of medicine that deal with pediatric patients

Effects of Neurosurgical Treatment and Severity of Head Injury on Cognitive Functioning, General Health and Incidence of Mental Disorders in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury

Background: Neurosurgical treatment and the severity of head injury (HI) can have remarkable effect on patients’ neuropsychiatric outcomes. Objectives: This research aimed to study the effect of these factors on cognitive functioning, general health and incidence of mental disorders in patients with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Patients and Methods: In this descriptive, longitudinal study, 206 TBI patients entered the study by consecutive sampling; they were then compared according to neurosurgery status and severity of their HI. Both groups underwent neurosurgical and psychological examinations. The mini mental state examination (MMSE) and general health questionnaire–28 items (GHQ-28) were administered to the study participants. At follow-up, four months later, the groups underwent a structured clinical interview by a psychiatrist based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria regarding the presence of mental disorders. Results: Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were performed and adjusted for the effect of confounding variables (age, gender, Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) , and level of education). The severity of HI had the most significant effect for the following variables; cognitive functioning and physical symptoms (P < 0.05). The effect of the neurosurgical treatment factor was not significant; however, the interaction effect of the two variables on social dysfunction, and total score of the GHQ-28 questionnaire appeared to be significant (P < 0.05). Fisher\'s exact test indicated that after a four month follow-up period, no significant differences were seen between the two groups (with or without neurosurgery) in the incidence of mental disorders, while x2 Test showed that having a more severe HI is significantly correlated with the incidence of mental disorders (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The implications of this study should be discussed with an emphasis on negative, effective factors on the cognitive – behavioral and neuropsychiatric outcomes of a TBI

Investigating Self-esteem and Body Image Concern among Students of Islamic Azad University of Abhar Using Demographic Variables, 2015

Background: Two main factors of success and failure of individuals in all different stages of life are considered to be self-esteem and body image. Objectives: The present study aimed at examining self-esteem and body image concern among students of Islamic Azad University of Abhar based on demographic variables. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2015, and participants consisted of 154 male and female students at Islamic Azad University of Abhar-Iran. Stratified random sampling method was used, and samples were chosen from different fields of study. Data were collected using two standard questionnaires, that is, Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES). Data analysis was carried out through SPSS software version 16, descriptive statistics, Chi-square, independent t-test, and ANOVA. Results: Regarding body image concern, 27.3% of the participants were found to be asymptomatic, and 45.5% of them were found to have symptoms. In addition, 27.3% of the participants were recognized to have a severe disorder. The participants’ scores regarding body image concern were found to be significantly different according to age, marital status, field of study, and education level (P<0.05). With respect to self-esteem, 35.1% of the participants were found to have low self-esteem, 32.4% had moderate self-esteem, and 32.5% enjoyed high self-esteem. Furthermore, the participant’ self-esteem scores significantly varied in terms of age, marital status, field of study, and education level (P<0.05). Conclusion: The participant students’ Body image concern was found to be high, and their self-esteem was low. It is recommended that university officials and decision-makers in mental health area enhance students’ self-esteem and body image as two important factors and make plans considering demographic factors

Modified biophysical profile in high-risk pregnancy-association with neonatal APGAR score

Background: MBPP is used for evaluating fetal health and predicting fetal outcomes, which can help to minimize perinatal morbidity and death. It combines the non-stress test, an indicator of acute fetal hypoxia, with AFI, the second indicator of persistent fetal problems. Each patient has a non-stress test and an ultrasonic examination of liquor volume. A non-stress test that is reactive will reveal a healthy fetus. Hence, an attempt has been made to study the MBPP in high-risk pregnancies in predicting fetal outcome. Methods: Hospital-based prospective clinical study on 200 high-risk pregnant women more than 37weeks of gestation are screened using a modified biophysical profile. High-risk factors in the study include Gestational Hypertension, Preeclampsia, IUGR, Post-term pregnancy, Oligohydramnios, PROM, and Anemia. The study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Narayana medical college and hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh. Results: In the present study, a total of 200 patients, 76.0% had both (NST, AFI) normal, 5.0% had both (NST, AFI) abnormal, 10.0% had Normal in NST and abnormal in AFI, 9.0% had abnormal in NST, and normal in AFI. The individual association between NST and AFI with the neonatal outcomes ie., APGAR at 1 min and 5min have been studied and have been found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: In the present study, we concluded that MBPP is an effective antepartum fetal surveillance test in high-risk pregnancies in predicting perinatal outcome

Review of Fall Injuries and Related Factors in Patients Admitted to a Trauma Referral Hospital in Tehran, Iran

Background: Falls are important causes of mortality and morbidity in urban areas and put a high burden on societies. We investigated patterns of fall traumas and related factors in a referral trauma hospital in Tehran, Iran.Methods: In this routine-data-based study, all documents of fall cases in Hazrate-Rasool hospital, Tehran, Iran, during October 2014-2015 were investigated. Information on demographic factors of patients, fall conditions and outcomes were collected. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5. The statistically significant level was considered ≤ 0.05.Results: Of the 307 cases, 70% were male. Median (interquartile range) age was 32 (22-51) years. Of cases, 91% were undergraduates. The mortality rate was 2.6%. Suicide attempts reported in 17 (5.5%) cases and only 2 (12%) of them were successful. Injured body organs in order of frequency were extremities, head and neck, thorax, vertebras, abdomen and pelvis. Outcome (in terms of injured body organs) was related to age and gender of patients alongside with height and reason of the fall. Falls at workplaces, in suicide attempts and among males happened for significantly higher distances. High distance falls and low GCS at admission were related to higher mortality. Majority of falls on a same level happened at home among old women.Conclusion: In our region, fall was a problem of people with low socioeconomic status. Our mortality rate is similar to the highest mortality rates in the world. Personal characteristics along with trauma-related factors are both important in the outcomes of fall cases. Safety equipment at high risk jobs is essential to prevent falls

Proton supplier role of binuclear gold complexes in promoting hydrofunctionalisation of nonactivated alkenes

Density functional theory (DFT) was used to investigate PR 3 AuOTf-catalyzed hydrofunctionalisation of nonactivated alkenes using acetic acid and phenol where OTf = triflate (CF 3 SO 3- ). The gold(i) complex itself is found to be unlikely to operate as the π-activator due to its relatively low electrophilicity. Instead, the concurrent coordination of two gold(i) complexes to a nucleophile (PhOH or AcOH) enhances the acidity of the latter\u27s proton and causes the ensuing binuclear complex to serve as a strong proton supplier for activating the alkene π-bonds. Alternatively, the binuclear complex is also susceptible to produce a hidden HOTf. This hidden acid is accessible for hydrofunctionalization to occur but it is not in sufficient concentration to decompose the final product

Degradation of phenol using US/periodate/nZVI system from aqueous solutions

In the present work, the degradation of phenol from aqueous solutions was investigated using periodate/zero valent iron nanoparticle (nZVI) in the presence of ultrasound at a batch reactor. The Experimental tests were carried out using pre-designated concentrations of nZVI, periodate, and pH ranging from 1-7 mM, 0.5-5 mM, 3-11 respectively. During the all experimental tests the ultrasonic reactor was operated at a fix frequency (40 kHz), temperature (33±1) and power (350 W). The results of nZVI/periodate/ultrasound system on degradation of phenol showed that the removal efficiency was indeed affected by the amount of free radicals produced to initiate the oxidative decomposition of phenol. also, by increasing the nZVI loading to 3 mM and periodate concentration to 3 mM, the efficiency of phenol removal was increased. Besides, the acidic pH (pH = 3) was found to be more effective than neutral and alkaline pH in degradation of phenol. © 2019 Global NEST Printed in Greece. All rights reserved