887 research outputs found
Estimating column density from ammonia (1,1) emission in star-forming regions
We present a new, approximate method of calculating the column density of
ammonia in mapping observations of the 23 GHz inversion lines. The temperature
regime typically found in star forming regions allows for the assumption of a
slowly varying partition function for ammonia. It is therefore possible to
determine the column density using only the (J=1,K=1) inversion transition
rather than the typical combination of the (1,1) and (2,2) transitions, with
additional uncertainties comparable to or less than typical observational
error.
The proposed method allows column density and mass estimates to be extended
into areas of lower signal to noise ratio. We show examples of column density
maps around a number of cores in the W3 and Perseus star-forming regions made
using this approximation, along with a comparison to the corresponding results
obtained using the full two-transition approach. We suggest that this method is
a useful tool in studying the distribution of mass around YSOs, particularly in
the outskirts of the protostellar envelope where the (2,2) ammonia line is
often undetectable on the short timescales necessary for large area mapping.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, accepted by MNRA
Towards a Holistic Migration Research Strategic Agenda: Integration, Partnerships, and Impact
The London International Development Centre Migration Leadership Team (LIDC-MLT) was commissioned by the UK Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC), which are part of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), to develop a shared interdisciplinary and participatory strategic agenda for supporting migration research. This document sets out proposals for ESRC/AHRC and wider UKRI-funded migration research for the next five years (2020-2025) making clear recommendations about future agenda-setting and work prioritie
The psychosocial response to a terrorist attack at Manchester Arena, 2017 : a process evaluation
Background
A 2017 terrorist attack in Manchester, UK, affected large numbers of adults and young people. During the response phase (first seven weeks), a multi-sector collaborative co-ordinated a decentralised response. In the subsequent recovery phase they implemented a centralised assertive outreach programme, ‘The Resilience Hub’, to screen and refer those affected. We present a process evaluation conducted after 1 year.
Methods
Case study, involving a logic modelling approach, aggregate routine data, and semi-structured interviews topic guides based on the Inter-Agency Collaboration Framework and May’s Normalisation Process Theory. Leaders from health, education and voluntary sectors (n = 21) and frontline Resilience Hub workers (n = 6) were sampled for maximum variation or theoretically, then consented and interviewed. Framework analysis of transcripts was undertaken by two researchers.
Results
Devolved government, a collaborative culture, and existing clinical networks meant that, in the response phase, a collaboration was quickly established between health and education. All but one leader evaluated the response positively, although they were not involved in pre-disaster statutory planning. However, despite overwhelming positive feedback there were clear difficulties. (1) Some voluntary sector colleagues felt that it took some time for them to be involved. (2) Other VCSE organisations were accused of inappropriate, harmful use of early intervention. (3) The health sector were accused of overlooking those below the threshold for clinical treatment. (4) There was a perception that there were barriers to information sharing across organisations, which was particularly evident in relation to attempts to outreach to first responders and other professionals who may have been affected by the incident. (5) Hub workers encountered barriers to referring people who live outside of Greater Manchester. After 1 year of the recovery phase, 877 children and young people and 2375 adults had completed screening via the Resilience Hub, 79% of whom lived outside Greater Manchester.
Conclusions
The psychosocial response to terrorist attacks and other contingencies should be planned and practiced before the event, including reviews of communications, protocols, data sharing procedures and workforce capacity. Further research is needed to understand how the health and voluntary sectors can best collaborate in the wake of future incidents
Giant Conductance Oscillations In Mesoscopic Andreev Interferometers
We analyze the electrical conductance of a two-dimensional, phase
coherent structure in contact with two superconductors, which is known to be an
oscillatory function of the phase difference between the
superconductors. It is predicted that for a metallic sample, the amplitude of
oscillation is enhanced by placing a normal barrier at the interface and that,
by tuning the strength of the barrier, can be orders of magnitude greater than
values observed in recent experiments. Giant oscillations can also be obtained
without a barrier, provided a crucial sum rule is broken. This can be achieved
by disorder induced normal scattering. In the absence of zero phase
inter-channel scattering, the conductance possesses a zero phase minimum.Comment: 4 pages of Revtex, 6 figures available on reques
D7.2 1st experiment planning and community management
The present deliverable, outlines the overall strategy for approaching the tasks of (a) developing and sustaining an engaged school-based community of ProsocialLearn users; and (b)planning and facilitating small-scale and large-scale school-based evaluation studies of the Prosocial Learn technological solution. It also presents the preliminary work undertaken so far, and details the activities planned for M9-15 with respect to community development and small-scale studies
Psychological Impact of Spontaneous Memorials: A Narrative Review
© 2020 American Psychological Association. Objective: The creation of spontaneous memorials has become an increasingly common response following a traumatic event, such as the Manchester Arena attack, the 2016 Paris attacks, and September 11, 2001, in New York. In many cases, spontaneous memorials are collected and archived. This article is the 1st to date to review the research literature on the potential psychological and therapeutic impact of such archives. Method: This study presents a literature review of 35 articles (including empirical research, discussion papers and gray literature) that explore the psychological functions of spontaneous memorials and why they may have been created. Results: Research has indicated that therapeutic impact is 1 of the main intended or assumed outcomes of such memorials and archives when it comes to those directly affected and the broader public. However, it has also been suggested that working with these materials can have a detrimental psychological impact on cultural professionals such as archivists, and research has recommended that mental health support should be in place for those working with the materials. This review indicates that there is limited research within this area and demonstrates a clear need to explore the impact of spontaneous memorials and their archives further, including avenues of support that may be helpful for professionals. Conclusion: Because spontaneous memorials are becoming an ever-increasing phenomenon, it is important to address this evidence gap to help guide cultural, health care, and other professionals in how best to present and potentially use these archives therapeutically in the future
Sign of the crossed conductances at a FSF double interface
Crossed conductance in hybrid Ferromagnet / Superconductor / Ferromagnet
(FSF) structures results from the competition between normal transmission and
Andreev reflection channels. Crossed Andreev reflection (CAR) and elastic
cotunneling (EC) between the ferromagnets are dressed by local Andreev
reflections, which play an important role for transparent enough interfaces and
intermediate spin polarizations. This modifies the simple result previously
obtained at lowest order, and can explain the sign of the crossed resistances
in a recent experiment [D. Beckmann {\sl et al.}, cond-mat/0404360]. This holds
both in the multiterminal hybrid structure model (where phase averaging over
the Fermi oscillations is introduced ``by hand'' within the approximation of a
single non local process) and for infinite planar interfaces (where phase
averaging naturally results in the microscopic solution with multiple non local
processes).Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
The Interaction between the ISM and Star Formation in the Dwarf Starburst Galaxy NGC 4214
We present the first interferometric study of the molecular gas in the
metal-poor dwarf starburst galaxy NGC 4214. Our map of the 12CO(1-0) emission,
obtained at the OVRO millimeter array, reveals an unexpected structural wealth.
We detected three regions of molecular emission in the north-west (NW),
south-east (SE) and centre of NGC 4214 which are in very different and distinct
evolutionary stages (total molecular mass: 5.1 x 10^6 M_sun). These differences
are apparent most dramatically when the CO morphologies are compared to optical
ground based and HST imaging: massive star formation has not started yet in the
NW region; the well-known starburst in the centre is the most evolved and star
formation in the SE complex started more recently. We derive a star formation
efficiency of 8% for the SE complex. Using high--resolution VLA observations of
neutral hydrogen HI and our CO data we generated a total gas column density map
for NGC 4214 (HI + H_2). No clear correlation is seen between the peaks of HI,
CO and the sites of ongoing star formation. This emphasizes the irregular
nature of dwarf galaxies. The HI and CO velocities agree well, so do the
H-alpha velocities. In total, we cataloged 14 molecular clumps in NGC 4214. Our
results from a virial mass analysis are compatible with a Galactic CO-to-H_2
conversion factor for NGC 4214 (lower than what is usually found in metal-poor
dwarf galaxies).Comment: accepted for publication in the AJ (February 2001), full ps file at:
ftp://ftp.astro.caltech.edu/users/fw/ngc4214/walter_prep.p
Psychological screening of adults and young people following the Manchester Arena incident
Background:
Terrorist attacks have increased globally since the late 1990s with clear evidence of psychological distress across both adults and children and young people (CYP). After the Manchester Arena terrorist attack, the Resilience Hub was established to identify people in need of psychological and psychosocial support.
Aims:
To examine the severity of symptoms and impact of the programme.
Method:
The hub offers outreach, screening, clinical telephone triage and facilitation to access evidenced treatments. People were screened for trauma, depression, generalised anxiety and functioning who registered at 3, 6 and 9 months post-incident. Baseline scores were compared between screening groups (first screen at 3, 6 or 9 months) in each cohort (adult, CYP), and within groups to compare scores at 9 months.
Results:
There were significant differences in adults' baseline scores across screening groups on trauma, depression, anxiety and functioning. There were significant differences in the baseline scores of CYP across screening groups on trauma, depression, generalised anxiety and separation anxiety. Paired samples t-tests demonstrated significant differences between baseline and follow-up scores on all measures for adults in the 3-month screening group, and only depression and functioning measures for adults in the 6-month screening group. Data about CYP in the 3-month screening group, demonstrated significant differences between baseline and follow-up scores on trauma, generalised anxiety and separation anxiety.
Conclusions:
These findings suggest people who register earlier are less symptomatic and demonstrate greater improvement across a range of psychological measures. Further longitudinal research is necessary to understand changes over time
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