Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in the treatment of advanced melanoma.

Advanced melanoma has historically been a difficult disease to treat due to few effective systemic treatment options. However, over the past few years, scientific advancements in immune checkpoint inhibition have resulted in several novel approaches that have changed front-line management of advanced melanoma. Despite these exciting developments, there remains room for improvement in treatment outcomes. Combination immunotherapy, in particular combined cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) blockade, represents an important first step in this direction

On Modules with Finite Spanning Isodimension

     فى هذا البحث نقدم المقاسات من النمط  المنتهية الامتداد المتكافئات بعديا (finite spanning isodimension) . ليكن  مقاسا من النمط  و ان  هو مقاس جزئى من  () نقول ان  () هو مقاس جزئى متكافىء  صغريا (isosmall) اذا كان () اى مقاس جزئى من ()بحيث ان () فان ) و نقول ان () مقاس منتهى الامتداد متكافىء بعديا اذا كان لكل متتابعة متناقصة تامة  , من المقاسات الجزئية () من  يوجد عدد صحيح (  ) بحيث ان (  ) يكون متكافىء  صغريا لكل ().      وتمت كذلك تعريف و دراسة بعض الاصناف الاخرى من المقاسات الجزئية و منها المقاسات الجزئية المتكافئة عضما (isomaximal) حيث تمت البرهنة على نتائج عديدة تتعلق بهذا النوع من المقاسات الجزئية.  و من بين النتائج التى تمت البرهنة عليها ايضا فى هذا العمل هى ان حلقة التشاكلات الذاتية(ring of endomorphisms) على مقاس متكافىء ببساطة (isosimple) تكون حلقة محلية (موضعية) (local ring).    We introduce modules with finite spanning isodimension. Let be an module    is called module with finite spanning isodimension, if for every strictly decreasing sequence, there exists a positive integer  such that  is isosmall for each . In the following sense, we define isosmall submodule, a submodule  of an module  is called isosmall, if  , then for any submodule  of . Some other classes are studied for instances isomaximal and many results are proved. On the other hand, we determine that the ring of endomorphisms of an isosimple module is a local ring

Accelerated Corrosion tests of Waste-gated Turbocharger’s Adjustable and Fixed End Links

A turbocharger which has been mounted to a heavy duty automotive diesel engine can be subjected to various aggressive environments and a range of temperatures varying from ambient to 670°C. Extreme operating environments and temperatures can initiate corrosion leading to the degradation of the components. The present research evaluates corrosion resistance of the Zinc coated and Stainless Steel waste-gate end-links based on accelerated corrosion and dust particles test, using an Environmental Test Rig. Samples were exposed to the tests for 504 hours. Images of the specimens were captured to record corrosion build-up and its progression on the surfaces during the exposure time. These results were then used to evaluate the corrosion resistance ability of both, Zinc coated Fixed and Stainless Steel Adjustable End-Links. Accumulation of corrosion and the build-up of salt deposits were observed on both End-Links during/after the experiments

Diethyl­enetriaminium hexa­fluorido­titanate(IV) fluoride

The title compound, (C6H21N4)[TiF6]F, was synthesized by the reaction of TiO2, tris­(2-amino­ethyl)amine, HF and ethanol at 463 K in a microwave oven. The crystal structure consists of two crystallographically independent [TiF6]2− anions, two fluoride anions and two triply-protonated tris­(2-amino­ethyl)­amine cations. The Ti atoms are coordinated by six F atoms within slightly distorted octa­hedra. The anions and cations are connected by inter­molecular N—H⋯F hydrogen bonds

Phyllotactic description of hard sphere packing in cylindrical channels

We develop a simple analytical theory that relates dense sphere packings in a cylinder to corresponding disk packings on its surface. It applies for ratios R=D/d (where d and D are the diameters of the hard spheres and the bounding cylinder, respectively) up to R=1+1/sin(pi/5). Within this range the densest packings are such that all spheres are in contact with the cylindrical boundary. The detailed results elucidate extensive numerical simulations by ourselves and others by identifying the nature of all competing phases

Odor representations in the mammalian olfactory bulb

A first key step in studying a sensory modality is to define how the brain represents the features of the sensory stimulus. This has proven to be a challenge in olfaction, where even the stimulus features have been a matter of considerable debate. In this review, we focus on olfactory representations in the first stage of the olfactory pathway, the olfactory bulb (OB). We examine the diverging viewpoints on spatially organized versus distributed representations. We then consider how odor sampling through respiration is a key part of the odorant code. Finally, we ask how the bulb handles the challenging task of representing mixtures. We suggest that current evidence points toward a representation that is spatially organized at the inputs but later distributed, with the spatial organization not being used for much computation. Nevertheless, this is a simple representation that effectively represents multiple individual odorants, as well as odor mixtures

Modeling the Effect of Residual and Diffusion-Induced Stresses on Corrosion at the Interface of Coating and Substrate

The effect of residual and diffusion induced stresses on corrosion at the interface of coating and substrate has been analysed within a multidisciplinary approach i.e. material science, solid mechanics and electrochemistry. A self-consistent equation for corrosion current density, involving the combined effect of residual stress and diffusion induced stress is developed. The influences of temperature, moduli ratio, thickness ratio, thermal mismatch ratio and residual stress gradient of coating and substrate on the corrosion current density are then discussed. Results indicate that when the thermal expansion of coating is greater than substrate, the decrease in temperature from fabrication temperature accounts for the same direction of both the residual and the diffusion stresses. This behaviour increases the deflection of coating-substrate system and results in the evolution of tensile residual stress in the coating. The tensile stress opens the pre-existing coating micro crack allowing the diffusion of corrosive agents and therefore, accelerating the corrosion damage to the coating-substrate interface. The model is based on experimental observations conducted to understand the behaviour of corrosion at the coating-substrate interface in the presence of tensile or compressive residual stresses. At the end the model has been validated against the experimental results showing a good quantitative agreement between the predicted theoretical and experimental trends

RANDOMISED DOUBLE BLIND STUDY TO COMPARE EFFECTIVENESS OF HONEY, SALBUTAMOL AND PLACEBO IN TREATMENT OF COUGH IN CHILDREN WITH COMMON COLD

Background: Acute upper respiratory infection is the most common childhood illness and presents with cough, coryza and fever. Available evidence suggests that cough medicines may be no more effective than honey-based cough remedies. Objective: To compare effectiveness of honey, salbutamol and placebo in the treatment of cough in children with acute onset cough. Design: Randomised control trial Setting: Aga Khan University Hospital Paediatric Casualty Subjects: Children between ages one to twelve years presenting with a common cold between December 2010 and February 2012 were enrolled. Outcome measures: Frequency, severity and extent to which cough bothered and disturbed child and parental sleep were assessed at baseline and over the subsequent five days through telephone interview using a validated scoring tool. Results: One hundred and forty five children were enrolled in the study (45- placebo, 57 –honey, 43 –salbutamol). Of the 145 children 51% were male. Honey significantly reduced the total mean symptom score by day three (p\u3c 0.001). Total mean difference in scores between day zero to five demonstrated a significant difference of honey’s efficacy over placebo (p\u3c 0.002) however no difference was noted when compared to salbutamol (p\u3c0.478). Significant differences in both total as well as each individual symptom score was detected with honey consistently scoring the best whilst placebo and salbutamol scored the worst. In paired comparisons honey was superior to placebo but not salbutamol, whilst salbutamol was not superior to placebo. Conclusion: Honey was most effective in symptomatic relief of symptoms associated with the common cold whilst salbutamol or placebo offered no benefit

Detection and Evaluation of Effective of Digital Communication of Drug on Human Body

Nowadays, there is a wide using of mobile and internet from various ages, due to some bad systems which they work to send signals(sound wave frequency) within the music or will be spread to affect the brain of the humankind. Therefore, this paper expresses thedetection and evaluation of (the signal of sound frequency) which influence the human brain, it has been measured some frequency byprogramming in the mobile and found a trend to detect such frequencies and a way to produce a human being from it

Percutaneous Septal Reduction Therapy in a Patient with Severely Symptomatic Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: An experience from a tertiary care center

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