234 research outputs found
High-pressure x-ray diffraction study of bulk and nanocrystalline PbMoO4
We studied the effects of high-pressure on the crystalline structure of bulk
and nanocrystalline scheelite-type PbMoO4. We found that in both cases the
compressibility of the materials is highly non-isotropic, being the c-axis the
most compressible one. We also observed that the volume compressibility of
nanocrystals becomes higher that the bulk one at 5 GPa. In addition, at 10.7(8)
GPa we observed the onset of an structural phase transition in bulk PbMoO4. The
high-pressure phase has a monoclinic structure similar to M-fergusonite. The
transition is reversible and not volume change is detected between the low- and
high-pressure phases. No additional structural changes or evidence of
decomposition are found up to 21.1 GPa. In contrast nanocrystalline PbMoO4
remains in the scheelite structure at least up to 16.1 GPa. Finally, the
equation of state for bulk and nanocrystalline PbMoO4 are also determined.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figure
High-pressure structural investigation of several zircon-type orthovanadates
Room temperature angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction measurements on
zircon-type EuVO4, LuVO4, and ScVO4 were performed up to 27 GPa. In the three
compounds we found evidence of a pressure-induced structural phase
transformation from zircon to a scheelite-type structure. The onset of the
transition is near 8 GPa, but the transition is sluggish and the low- and
high-pressure phases coexist in a pressure range of about 10 GPa. In EuVO4 and
LuVO4 a second transition to a M-fergusonite-type phase was found near 21 GPa.
The equations of state for the zircon and scheelite phases are also determined.
Among the three studied compounds, we found that ScVO4 is less compressible
than EuVO4 and LuVO4, being the most incompressible orthovanadate studied to
date. The sequence of structural transitions and compressibilities are
discussed in comparison with other zircon-type oxides.Comment: 34 pages, 2 Tables, 11 Figure
New high-pressure phase and equation of state of Ce2Zr2O8
In this paper we report a new high-pressure rhombohedral phase of Ce2Zr2O8
observed from high-pressure angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction and Raman
spectroscopy studies up to nearly 12 GPa. The ambient-pressure cubic phase of
Ce2Zr2O8 transforms to a rhombohedral structure beyond 5 GPa with a feeble
distortion in the lattice. Pressure evolution of unit-cell volume showed a
change in compressibility above 5 GPa. The unit-cell parameters of the
high-pressure rhombohedral phase at 12.1 GPa are ah = 14.6791(3) {\AA}, ch =
17.9421(5) {\AA}, V = 3348.1(1) {\AA}3. The structure relation between the
parent cubic (P2_13) and rhombohedral (P3_2) phases were obtained by
group-subgroup relations. All the Raman modes of the cubic phase showed linear
evolution with pressure with the hardest one at 197 cm-1. Some Raman modes of
the high-pressure phase have a non-linear evolution with pressure and softening
of one low-frequency mode with pressure is found. The compressibility, equation
of state, and pressure coefficients of Raman modes of Ce2Zr2O8 are also
reported.Comment: 33 pages, 8 figures, 6 table
Experimental and theoretical investigation of ThGeO4 at high pressure
We report here the combined results of angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction experiments performed on ThGeO4 up to 40 GPa and total-energy density-functional theory calculations. Zircon-type ThGeO4 is found to undergo a pressure-driven phase transition at 11 GPa to the tetragonal scheelite structure. A second phase transition to a monoclinic M-fergusonite type is found beyond 26 GPa. The same transition has been observed in samples that crystallize in the scheelite phase at ambient pressure. No additional phase transition or evidence of decomposition of ThGeO4 has been detected up to 40 GPa. The unit-cell parameters of the monoclinic high-pressure phase are a=4.98(2) Å, b=11.08(4) Å, c=4.87(2) Å, and β=90.1(1), Z=4 at 28.8 GPa. The scheelite-fergusonite transition is reversible and the zircon-scheelite transition nonreversible. From the experiments and the calculations, the room-temperature equation of state for the different phases is also obtained. The anisotropic compressibility of the studied crystal is discussed in terms of the differential compressibility of the Th-O and Ge-O bond
ZERUMBONE, A NATURAL PLANT DIETARY COMPOUND INDUCES EXPRESSION OF INTERLEUKIN-12P70 CYTOKINE IN HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS
ABSTRACTObjective: Despite possessing many biological activities as antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancerous, and zerumbone lacksany evidence for its immunomodulatory activity. This naturally occurring dietary compound needs to be developed as drug to support therapeuticclaims in various infections and diseases.Methods: Hence, in this study, the immunomodulatory effects of zerumbone were investigated by evaluating the effect of this compound toward thelymphocytes proliferation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Results: Lymphocyte proliferation assay showed that zerumbone was able to activate human lymphocytes at dosage-dependent manner at the highestconcentration 40 μl/mL. The production of human interleukin-12p70 cytokine in culture supernatant from activated lymphocytes was upregulatedby zerumbone at 24 hrs and gradually decreased at 48 hrs. Hence, the study confirms the immunomodulatory activity of zerumbone which play animportant role in boosting up the immune system through cytokine production in dosage dependent manner.Conclusion: The study concludes that zerumbone could be used as a lead molecule in herbal therapeutic world as an immunomodulatory drug in thetreatment of chronic infections and various autoimmune disorders.Keywords: Zerumbone, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Immunomodulation, Cytokine, Lymphocyte proliferation
Phonons and Colossal Thermal Expansion Behavior of Ag3Co(CN)6 and Ag3Fe(CN)6
Recently colossal positive volume thermal expansion has been found in the
framework compounds Ag3Co(CN)6 and Ag3Fe(CN)6. Phonon spectra have been
measured using the inelastic neutron scattering technique as a function of
temperature and pressure. The data has been analyzed using ab-initio
calculations. We find that the bonding is very similar in both compounds. At
ambient pressure modes in the intermediate frequency part of the vibrational
spectra in the Co compound are shifted to slightly higher energies as compared
to the Fe compound. The temperature dependence of the phonon spectra gives
evidence for large explicit anharmonic contribution to the total anharmonicity
for low-energy modes below 5 meV. We found that modes are mainly affected by
the change in the size of unit cell, which in turn changes the bond lengths and
vibrational frequencies. Thermal expansion has been calculated via the volume
dependence of phonon spectra. Our analysis indicates that Ag phonon modes in
the energy range from 2 to 5 meV are strongly anharmonic and major contributors
to thermal expansion in both compounds. The application of pressure hardens the
low-energy part of the phonon spectra involving Ag vibrations and confirms the
highly anharmonic nature of these modes.Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures and one tabl
Zircon to monazite phase transition in CeVO4
X-ray diffraction and Raman-scattering measurements on cerium vanadate have
been performed up to 12 and 16 GPa, respectively. Experiments reveal that at
5.3 GPa the onset of a pressure-induced irreversible phase transition from the
zircon to the monazite structure. Beyond this pressure, diffraction peaks and
Raman-active modes of the monazite phase are measured. The zircon to monazite
transition in CeVO4 is distinctive among the other rare-earth orthovanadates.
We also observed softening of external translational Eg and internal B2g
bending modes. We attributed it to mechanical instabilities of zircon phase
against the pressure-induced distortion. We additionally report
lattice-dynamical and total-energy calculations which are in agreement with the
experimental results. Finally, the effect of non-hydrostatic stresses on the
structural sequence is studied and the equations of state of different phases
are reported.Comment: 45 pages, 8 figures, 8 table
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