Influence of tricalcium silicate on course of traumatic pulpitis

The use of Tricalcium Silicate (TS) as an odontotropic preparation makes it possible to create a hermetic crown restoration with a high degree of adhesion. However, the use of TS silicate by direct pulp capping remains disputable. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of TS on course of traumatic pulpitis by detection of morpho-functional peculiarities of changes in pulp tissue. We performed experimental investigation (on rabbits, males, aging three-month) for study of the morphofunctional changes of the pulp tissues with modeling of traumatic pulpitis and direct pulp capping with TS preparation (8 animals, investigated group) and calcium hydroxide (Calasept, NORDISKA DENTAL) preparation (8 animals, comparison group). After 2nd and 6th weeks tissues of tooth were fixed in 10% formalin with performing routine proceeding after decalcification and making histological slides which were investigated. Manifestations of protective adaptive mechanisms have been revealed in the form of inflammatory process two weeks after the injury in the pulp tissue with its resolution six weeks after performing of direct pulp capping with TS with replacement of necrotic area by connective tissue with their delimitation from viable pulp tissue against a background of intensive formation of capillaries. Morphometric study proved dynamical changes of vascular number cross-sections per 1 mm2 from 69.31±4.76 (2 weeks) to 47.38±4.12 (6 weeks) with 49.2±3.47 vascular density in intact group. Cellular density of odontoblasts as changed from 3.92±1.03 x103 per 1 mm2 (2 weeks) to 7.49±1.51 x103 per 1 mm2 (6 weeks) with 8.3±1.02 x103 per 1 mm2 cellular density in intact group. Thus it can be argued that the use of TS as a material for direct pulp capping promotes more active regeneration processes. Целью исследования явилось определение влияния трикальцийсиликата на течение травматического пульпита. Поставлен эксперимент на 3-месячных кроликахсамцах для изучения морфофункциональных изменений ткани пульпы с моделированием травматического пульпита и прямым покрытием пульпы трикальцийсиликатом (8 животных, исследуемая группа) и гидроксидом кальция (Calasept, NORDISKA DENTAL) (8 животных, группа сравнения). Спустя 2 и 6 недели ткани зуба фиксировали в 10% формалине и после декальцификации и рутинной проводки исследовали гистологические препараты. Спустя 2 недели после нанесения травмы в ткани пульпы обнаружены проявления защитно-приспособительных механизмов в виде воспалительного процесса с его разрешением, при котором наблюдается замещение зоны некроза соединительной тканью на фоне интенсивного новообразования капилляров, что характеризуется изменением плотности сосудов микроциркуляторного русла. Морфометрическое исследование показало динамические изменения количества сосудистых сечений с 69,31±4,76/мм2 (2 недели) до 47,38±4,12/мм2 (6 недель) при 49,2±3,47/мм2 в интактной группе. Плотность одонтобластов изменилась с 3,92±1,03×103/мм2 (2 недели) до 7,49±1,51×103/мм2 (6 недель) при 8,3±1,02×103/мм2 клеточной плотности в интактной группе. Таким образом, следует предположить, что использование трикальцийсиликата в качестве материала для прямого покрытия пульпы способствует более активным процессам регенерации

NO EXCESSIVE CRUSTAL GROWTH IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN OROGENIC BELT: FURTHER EVIDENCE FROM FIELD RELATIONSHIPS AND ISOTOPIC DATA

We provide new field observations and isotopic data for key areas of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), reiterating that no excessive crustal growth occurred during its ca. 800 Ma long orogenic evolution. Many Precambrian blocks (microcontinents) identified in the belt are exotic and are most likely derived from the northern margin of Gondwana, including the Tarim craton.We provide new field observations and isotopic data for key areas of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), reiterating that no excessive crustal growth occurred during its ca. 800 Ma long orogenic evolution. Many Precambrian blocks (microcontinents) identified in the belt are exotic and are most likely derived from the northern margin of Gondwana, including the Tarim craton

The Viking seismometry

Efforts were made to determine the seismicity of Mars as well as define its internal structure by detecting vibrations generated by marsquakes and meteoroid impacts. The lack of marsquakes recognized in the Viking data made it impossible to make any direct inferences about the interior of Mars and only allowed the setting of upper bounds on the seismic activity of the planet. After obtaining more than 2100 hours worth of data during the quite periods at rates of one sample per second or higher, the Viking 2 seismometer was turned off as a consequence of a landing system failure. During the periods when adequate data were obtained, one event of possible seismic or meteoroid impact origin was recognized; however, there is a significant probability that this event was generated by a wind gust

EARLY NEOPROTEROZOIC CRUST FORMATON IN THE DZABKHAN MICROCONTINENT, CENTRAL ASIAN OROGENIC BELT

The Dzabkhan microcontinent was defined by [Mossakovsky et al., 1994] as a cratonic terrane with an early Precambrian basement that combines highgrade metamorphic complexes of the Songino, Dzabkhan, Otgon, Baidarik, Ider and Jargalant Blocks. However, early Precambrian ages have so far only been recognized in the Baidarik and Ider blocks [Kozakov et al., 2007, 2011; Kröner et al., 2015].The Dzabkhan microcontinent was defined by [Mossakovsky et al., 1994] as a cratonic terrane with an early Precambrian basement that combines highgrade metamorphic complexes of the Songino, Dzabkhan, Otgon, Baidarik, Ider and Jargalant Blocks. However, early Precambrian ages have so far only been recognized in the Baidarik and Ider blocks [Kozakov et al., 2007, 2011; Kröner et al., 2015]

Manifestation of ocular-muscle EMG contamination in human intracranial recordings

It is widely assumed that intracranial recordings from the brain are only minimally affected by contamination due to ocular-muscle electromyogram (oEMG). Here we show that this is not always the case. In intracranial recordings from five surgical epilepsy patients we observed that eye movements caused a transient biphasic potential at the onset of a saccade, resembling the saccadic spike potential commonly seen in scalp EEG, accompanied by an increase in broadband power between 20 and 200 Hz. Using concurrently recorded eye movements and high-density intracranial EEG (iEEG) we developed a detailed overview of the spatial distribution and temporal characteristics of the saccade-related oculomotor signal within recordings from ventral, medial and lateral temporal cortex. The occurrence of the saccadic spike was not explained solely by reference contact location, and was observed near the temporal pole for small (< 2 deg) amplitude saccades and over a broad area for larger saccades. We further examined the influence of saccade-related oEMG contamination on measurements of spectral power and interchannel coherence. Contamination manifested in both spectral power and coherence measurements, in particular, over the anterior half of the ventral and medial temporal lobe. Next, we compared methods for removing the contaminating signal and found that nearest-neighbor bipolar re-referencing and ICA filtering were effective for suppressing oEMG at locations far from the orbits, but tended to leave some residual contamination at the temporal pole. Finally, we show that genuine cortical broadband gamma responses observed in averaged data from ventral temporal cortex can bear a striking similarity in time course and band-width to oEMG contamination recorded at more anterior locations. We conclude that eye movement-related contamination should be ruled out when reporting high gamma responses in human intracranial recordings, especially those obtained near anterior and medial temporal lobe

Dynamics of findings of non-specific resistance in the mouth cavity in children with lesions of the mucous membrane epithelium of the mouth cavity against acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the treatment process.

There was con­ducted study of dynamics of findings of non-specific resistance in the mouth cavity in children with lesions of the mucous membrane epithelium of the mouth cavity against acute lymphoblastic leukemia  in the treatment process by authors-developed methods. It is known that in children with leukemia immunodeficiency states develop immunological disorders resulted from treatment with cytotoxic drugs. Moreover, not only general, but also the local immunity of the mouth cavity suffers, which is accompanied by development of infectious processes in the tissues that perform the barrier function, which include mucous membrane epithelium of the mouth cavity. A key role in the system of antimicrobial protection of the mouth cavity is performed by mucolytic enzyme lisocyme and α-defensins (HNP 1-3). 76 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia  aged from 2 to 18 years suffering  from such dental diseases as generalized chronic catarrhal gingivitis, erosive-ulcerative and candidal stomatitis took part in the clinical study. All children under clinical study were divided into 2 groups - the main and comparison. Standard protocol treatment was used in the comparison group. Developed treatment-and-prophylactic complex was used in the main group. The children of the main group were prescribed developed treatment-and-prophylactic complex depending on the period of the disease: the first version of local treatment was used in the acute period and the relapse of the disease, the second - in the period of remission. The results of research have shown a stimulating effect of therapeutic and prophylactic measures on the natural antimicrobial system of mouth cavity protection, both in children of the main groups under study and in the comparison groups. Such a phenomenon should be considered as a positive process that contributes to the increase of resistance in periodontal tissues and mucous membrane epithelium of the mouth cavity

A multiscale analysis of gene flow for the New England cottontail, an imperiled habitat specialist in a fragmented landscape

Landscape features of anthropogenic or natural origin can influence organisms\u27 dispersal patterns and the connectivity of populations. Understanding these relationships is of broad interest in ecology and evolutionary biology and provides key insights for habitat conservation planning at the landscape scale. This knowledge is germane to restoration efforts for the New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis), an early successional habitat specialist of conservation concern. We evaluated local population structure and measures of genetic diversity of a geographically isolated population of cottontails in the northeastern United States. We also conducted a multiscale landscape genetic analysis, in which we assessed genetic discontinuities relative to the landscape and developed several resistance models to test hypotheses about landscape features that promote or inhibit cottontail dispersal within and across the local populations. Bayesian clustering identified four genetically distinct populations, with very little migration among them, and additional substructure within one of those populations. These populations had private alleles, low genetic diversity, critically low effective population sizes (3.2-36.7), and evidence of recent genetic bottlenecks. Major highways and a river were found to limit cottontail dispersal and to separate populations. The habitat along roadsides, railroad beds, and utility corridors, on the other hand, was found to facilitate cottontail movement among patches. The relative importance of dispersal barriers and facilitators on gene flow varied among populations in relation to landscape composition, demonstrating the complexity and context dependency of factors influencing gene flow and highlighting the importance of replication and scale in landscape genetic studies. Our findings provide information for the design of restoration landscapes for the New England cottontail and also highlight the dual influence of roads, as both barriers and facilitators of dispersal for an early successional habitat specialist in a fragmented landscape