Histopatološke i apoptotske promjene u bubrezima uzrokovane subakutnom izloženosti arokloru 1254 u štakora s nedostatnim i nadomjesnim unosom selenija

Aroclor 1254 (A1254), a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls, exerts hepatic, renal, and reproductive toxicity in rodents. This study aimed to determine a protective role of selenium on histopathological changes, oxidative stress, and apoptosis caused by A1254 in rat kidney. It included a control group, which received regular diet containing 0.15 mg/kg Se (C), a Se-supplemented group (SeS) receiving 1 mg/kg Se, a Se-deficient group (SeD) receiving Se-deficient diet of ≤0.05 mg/ kg Se, an A1254-treated group (A) receiving 10 mg/kg of Aroclor 1254 and regular diet, an A1254-treated group receiving Se-supplementation (ASeS), and an A1254-treated group receiving Se-deficient diet (ASeD). Treatments lasted 15 days. After 24 h of the last dose of A1254, the animals were decapitated under anaesthesia and their renal antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation (LP), glutathione, protein oxidation, and total antioxidant capacity levels measured. Histopathological changes were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Apoptosis was detected with the TUNEL assay. Kidney weights, CAT activities, and GSH levels decreased significantly in all A1254-treated groups. Renal atrophic changes and higher apoptotic cell counts were observed in the A and ASeD groups. Both groups also showed a significant drop in GPx1 activities (A – 34.92 % and ASeD – 86.46 %) and rise in LP (A – 30.45 % and ASeD – 20.44 %) vs control. In contrast, LP levels and apoptotic cell counts were significantly lower in the ASeS group vs the A group. Histopathological changes and renal apoptosis were particularly visible in the ASeD group. Our findings suggest that selenium supplementation provides partial protection against renal toxicity of Aroclor 1254.Mješavina polikloriranih bifenila poznata pod nazivom aroklor 1254 (A1254) dokazano je toksična za jetru, bubrege i reprodukcijski sustav u glodavaca. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je na temelju histoloških promjena te parametara oksidacijskoga stresa i apoptoze utvrditi u kojoj mjeri selenij (Se) štiti bubrege od njegove toksičnosti. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo kontrolnu skupinu na normalnoj prehrani, koja je sadržavala 0,15 mg/kg Se, zatim skupinu čija je prehrana bila obogaćena selenijem (SeS) u dozi od 1 mg/kg, skupinu čija je prehrana bila osiromašena selenijem (SeD) (≤0.05 mg/ kg), skupinu koja je uz uobičajenu prehranu bila izložena arokloru 1254 (A) u dozi od 10 mg/kg tjelesne težine, skupinu koja je uz prehranu obogaćenu selenijem bila izložena arokloru 1254 (ASeS) i konačno skupinu koja je uz prehranu osiromašenu selenijem bila izložena arokloru 1254 (ASeD). Izloženost arokloru 1254 trajala je 15 dana. Životinje su 24 sata nakon primitka posljednje doze aroklora 1254 bile dekapitirane pod općom anestezijom te su im izmjerene vrijednosti bubrežnih enzimskih aktivnosti, lipidne peroksidacije (LP), glutationa (GSH), proteinske oksidacije i ukupnoga antioksidacijskoga kapaciteta. Histopatološke promjene utvrđene su pomoću svjetlosne i elektronske mikroskopije. Broj apoptotskih stanica utvrđen je TUNEL metodom. U svih skupina izloženih arokloru 1254 uočen je pad težine bubrega te aktivnosti katalaze i glutationa. U skupinama A i ASeD također je uočen povišen broj apoptotskih stanica i atrofija bubrežnoga tkiva, značajan pad aktivnosti GPX1 (u skupini A za 34,92 %, a u skupini ASeD za 86,46 %) te porast lipidnih peroksida (u skupini A za 30,45 %, a u skupini ASeD za 20,44 %) u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. Nasuprot skupini A, razine lipidnih peroksida i broj apoptotskih stanica bili su značajno niži u skupini ASeS, koja je primala hranu obogaćenu selenijem. Histopatološke promjene i apoptoza bubrežnih stanica osobito su se isticale u skupini ASeD na hrani osiromašenoj selenijem. Naši rezultati upućuju na to da nadomjesna primjena selenija pruža barem djelomičnu zaštitu od toksičnoga djelovanja aroklora 1254 na bubrege

Serum nerve growth factor (NGF) levels in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

WOS: 000331022700022PubMed: 24361544Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed neurobehavioral disorder of childhood. The etiopathogeny of ADHD has not been totally defined. Recent reports have suggested a pathophysiological role of neurotrophins in ADHD. In this study, we evaluated serum levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) in patients with ADHD. The sample population consisted of 44 child or adolescent patients diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria; 36 healthy subjects were included in the study as controls. Venous blood samples were collected, and NGF levels were measured. The mean serum NGF levels of the ADHD patients were significantly higher than those of the controls. Age and gender of the patients were not correlated with serum NGF levels. There were no significant differences in NGF levels among the combined and predominantly inattentive subtypes of ADHD. Our study suggests that there are higher levels of serum NGF in drug naive ADHD patients, and that increased levels of NGF might have an important role in the pathophysiology of ADHD

Renal changes and apoptosis caused by subacute exposure to Aroclor 1254 in selenium-deficient and selenium-supplemented rats.

Aroclor 1254 (A1254), a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls, exerts hepatic, renal, and reproductive toxicity in rodents. This study aimed to determine a protective role of selenium on histopathological changes, oxidative stress, and apoptosis caused by A1254 in rat kidney. It included a control group, which received regular diet containing 0.15 mg/kg Se (C), a Se-supplemented group (SeS) receiving 1 mg/kg Se, a Se-deficient group (SeD) receiving Se-deficient diet of ≤0.05 mg/kg Se, an A1254-treated group (A) receiving 10 mg/kg of Aroclor 1254 and regular diet, an A1254-treated group receiving Se-supplementation (ASeS), and an A1254-treated group receiving Se-deficient diet (ASeD). Treatments lasted 15 days. After 24 h of the last dose of A1254, the animals were decapitated under anaesthesia and their renal antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation (LP), glutathione, protein oxidation, and total antioxidant capacity levels measured. Histopathological changes were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Apoptosis was detected with the TUNEL assay. Kidney weights, CAT activities, and GSH levels decreased significantly in all A1254-treated groups. Renal atrophic changes and higher apoptotic cell counts were observed in the A and ASeD groups. Both groups also showed a significant drop in GPx1 activities (A - 34.92 % and ASeD - 86.46 %) and rise in LP (A - 30.45 % and ASeD - 20.44 %) vs control. In contrast, LP levels and apoptotic cell counts were significantly lower in the ASeS group vs the A group. Histopathological changes and renal apoptosis were particularly visible in the ASeD group. Our findings suggest that selenium supplementation provides partial protection against renal toxicity of Aroclor 1254

Nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage in healthy Turkish children after 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine implementation in the national immunization program.

In Turkey, pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV) was introduced to the national immunization program as PCV7 in 2008, and was replaced with PCV13 in 2011. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of PCV13 on nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage (NPC) by determining the serotype distribution, and to identify risk factors for carriage, in healthy Turkish children