Typography and Spatial Perception

İnsanoğlunun mağara duvarlarında başlattığı iletişim serüveni, günümüze kadar çeşitli evrimler geçirmiş, kullandığı teknik ve yöntemler süregelen teknolojilerle birlikte biçimsel değişikliklere uğramıştır. Bugün tüm mekânlarda, iletişimin omurgasını oluşturan tipografi, mekânların atmosferini tamamen değiştirerek bir iletişim aracından çok daha fazlasını teşkil etmeye başlamıştır. Bu sebeple tipografiye yalnızca salt bir iletişim aracı gözüyle bakamayacağımız gibi, onun biçimsel estetik özelliklerini ve sonucunda oluşturduğu duygusal etkileşimi de asla göz ardı edemeyiz. Öyle ki tipografi mekânda fiziksel bir unsur olmaktan öteye geçip, çoğu zaman izleyicisiyle kurduğu duygusal etkileşimle, mekânın kalbi, dili ve ruhu olmaktadır. İşte tipografi bütün bu süreçte alışılagelmiş kâğıt yüzeyinden çıkarak, bazen iki boyutlu bir biçimde duvarları, sütunları kullanır, bazen de üç boyutlu bir formla mekânın bizzat kendisi olur ve izleyicisiyle daha farklı bir duygusal bağ kurar. Bu çalışmayla, mekânlarda farklı malzeme ve tekniklerin birlikte kullanıldığı tipografiden örnekler seçilerek, bu örnekler üzerinden tipografinin mekânla iletişimi, etkileşimi çözümlenmeye çalışılmış ve mekân estetiğindeki önemine dikkat çekilerek oluşturduğu zihinsel ve duygusal etkileşim amaçlanmıştır.Since cave walls, communication among Humankind has evolved and the techniques and methods adopted have gone through stylistic changes with technologies. Typography has transformed communication by changing the spaces’ atmosphere. Typography also affects communication through its stylistic aesthetic features and emotional interactions. Typography establishes emotional interaction with its audience and often becomes the spaces’ heart, language and spirit. Typography can use walls, ceiling etc. in a two-dimensional way, turn into a three-dimensional form and establish unique emotional bonds with audience. It can also change its dimensions and becomes the space itself by entering massive forms or shapes. In this study, typographic examples reflecting various materials and techniques were selected, the communication and interaction of typography with space were tried to be resolved through such examples and it was aimed to draw attention to the significance of typography in the aesthetics of space and the mental and emotional interactions with audience

Low-field behavior of Ti-added MgB2/Cu superconducting wires

We report on low-field magnetic properties of Ti-added (0-20 wt.% of Ti) Cu-clad MgB2 superconducting wires. Wires were produced by mixing appropriate amount of Ti and reacted MgB2 powder which was then placed inside Cu tubes with a diameter of 6 mm. The tubes were then cold worked by rolling or drawing to smaller diameters and then annealed at various temperatures to enhance the grain connectivity. XRD studies show that Ti addition results in new but minor phases. We have then measured ac susceptibilities in the temperature range between 20 K and 40 K in ac fields of 20-1600 A/m. The data show that an additional loss mechanism is established with Ti-addition. The calculated ac losses are increasing with increasing Ti-content in the main superconducting matrix

Su ve Kanalizasyon İdarelerinde Kıyaslamalı Performans Analizi için Web Tabanlı Hesaplama Araçlarının Geliştirilmesi

Uzun dönemli sürdürülebilir su ve atıksu yönetimi için sistem bileşenlerinin düzenli olarak izlenmesi ve performans analizinin yapılması gerekir. Bunun için verisi ölçülebilir, uygun, uygulanabilir göstergelerin kullanılması oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada su ve atıksu yönetimi açısından performans analizi ve kıyaslaması yapılması amacıyla kullanılan göstergelerin doğru ve sistematik bir şekilde hesaplanması için web tabanlı hesaplama aracı geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen bu hesaplama aracı temel olarak IWA, AWWA, IBNET ve SUEN tarafından önerilen göstergeleri hesaplayan dört farklı modülden oluşmaktadır. Bu modüllerde hesaplanmak istenen ana ve alt göstergeler kullanıcı tarafından seçilebilmektedir. Böylece sadece verisi olan, uygun ve uygulanabilir göstergelerin hesaplanması mümkün olmaktadır. Ayrıca seçilen ana ve alt göstergelerin etki düzeyi (ağırlık katsayısı) eşit bir şekilde dağıtıldığı gibi kullanıcı tarafından her bir gösterge için ağırlık tanımlaması da yapılabilmektedir. Hesaplama modüllerinde veriler ve ağırlık katsayıları çarpılarak ağırlıklı toplam puanlar hesaplanmakta ve sistem için toplam performans indisi elde edilmektedir. Bu hesaplama aracının bu özellikleriyle, Su İdarelerinde karar vericiler ve teknik personeller için referans oluşturma potansiyelinin olduğu düşünülmektedir

The Investigation of University Students’ Knowledge on Nutrition and Eating Habits

DergiPark: 481901tmsjAims: The aim of this study is to analyze Trakya University School of Medicine students’ knowledge on nutrition and their eating habits. In addition, it is aimed to determine whether there is a relation between knowledge and nutrition habits and whether medical education is enough to learn the correct information. Methods: The study conducted in May 2018 was carried out by questionnaires given to 681 students, which were composed of 240 first graders, 98 second graders, 78 third graders, 143 fourth graders, and 110 fifth graders. Chi-square method was used to determine the relation between the class and the gender. Results: Out of all students 30.4% of them thought that it is harmful to eat fish and yogurt together. 80.3% of them had the idea that consuming calcium in their diet does not increase iron absorption. 66.9% of the participants declared that they drink tea without sugar.Conclusion: It was determined that the students do not apply the information they know correctly to their daily lives. In some questions, it was observed that the students’ knowledge about nutrition is insufficient. In order to correct the eating habits and to create public awareness of nutrition, courses about nutrition should be included in the curriculum of medical students

Demographics of patients with heart failure who were over 80 years old and were admitted to the cardiology clinics in Turkey

Objective: Heart failure (HF) has a high prevalence and mortality rate in elderly patients; however, there are few studies that have focused on patients older than 80 years. The aim of this study is to describe and compare the age-specific demographics and clinical features of Turkish elderly patients with HF who were admitted to cardiology clinics. Methods: The Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease in Elderly Turkish population (ELDER-TURK) study was conducted in 73 centers in Turkey, and it recruited a total of 5694 patients aged 65 years or older. In this study, the clinical profile of the patients who were aged 80 years or older and those between 65 and 79 years with HF were described and compared based on the ejection fraction (EF)-related classification: HFrEF and HFpEF (is considered as EF: >= 50%). Results: A total of 1098 patients (male, 47.5%; mean age, 83.5 +/- 3.1 years) aged 80 years and 4596 patients (male, 50.2 %; mean age, 71.1 +/- 4.31 years) aged 65-79 years were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of HF was 39.8% for patients who were >= 80 years and 27.1% for patients 65-79 years old. For patients aged >= 80 years with HF, the prevalence rate was 67% for hypertension (HT), 25.6% for diabetes mellitus (DM), 54.3% for coronary artery disease (CAD), and 42.3% for atrial fibrilation. Female proportion was lower in the HFrEF group (p=0.019). The prevalence of HT and DM was higher in the HFpEF group (p= 80 years with HFrEF (p<0.01). Conclusion: HF is common in elderly Turkish population, and its frequency increases significantly with age. Females, diabetics, and hypertensives are more likely to have HFpEF, whereas CAD patients are more likely to have HFrEF.Turkish Society of CardiologyThis study was supported by Turkish Society of Cardiology

Clinical Relevance of Preoperative Neutrophil to Lymphocyte and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Objective:The association of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with postoperative tumor stage and Fuhrman nuclear grade was investigated in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Materials and Methods:Data of 123 patients, who were operated due to RCC, in our clinic was analysed. NLR and PLR were evaluated in patients who were classified according to tumor stage (T1 and T2 low stage, T3 and T4 high stage) and Fuhrman nuclear grade (grade 1 and 2 low-grade, grade 3 and 4 high-grade). NLR and PLR were compared using Levene’s test between the groups.Results:Sixty four patients were female (52.1%) and 59 were male (47.9%). All haematological parameters were expressed as 103/μL. Mean age, blood neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet counts, and NLR and PLR values of the patients were 62.49±12.43 years, 6.27±2.8, 2.05±0.83, 263.72±89.03, 4.01±3.93, and 149.73±82.1, respectively. The most common histologic subtype was recorded as clear cell RCC (76.4%). NLR and PLR were 3.83±3.22 and 142.79±66.66, respectively in the low-stage group and 4.43±5.29 and 165.85±109.41, respectively in the high stage group. As for the Fuhrman nuclear grading, NLR and PLR were 3.81±3.45 and 146.63±87.36, respectively in the low-grade group and 4.61±5.387 and 159.32±63.42 in the high-grade group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05).Conclusion:Although not statistically significant, high tumor stage and nuclear grade were positively correlated with NLR and PLR. It is concluded that, further multi-center and prospective studies with larger samples are needed to derive meaningful results

Long-term prognosis of patients with heart failure: Follow-up results of journey HF-TR study population

Background: Despite advances in therapeutic management of patients with heart failure, there is still an increasing morbidity and mortality all over the world. In this study, we aimed to present the 3-year follow-up outcomes of patients included in the Journey HF-TR study in 2016 that has evaluated the clinical characteristics and management of patients with acute heart failure admitted to the hospital and present a national registry data. Methods: The study was designed retrospectively between November 2016 and December 2019. Patient data included in the previously published Journey HF-TR study were used. Among 1606 patients, 1484 patients were included due to dropout of 122 patients due to inhospital death and due to exclusion of 173 due to incomplete data. The study included 1311 patients. Age, gender, concomitant chronic conditions, precipitating factors, New York Heart Association, and left ventricular ejection fraction factors were adjusted in the Cox regression analysis. Results: During the 3-year follow-up period, the ratio of hospitalization and mortality was 70.5% and 52.1%, respectively. Common causes of mortality were acute decompensation of heart failure and acute coronary syndrome. Angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, statin, and sacubitril/valsartan were found to reduce mortality. Hospitalization due to acute decompensated heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, lung diseases, oncological diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases was associated with the increased risk of mortality. Implantation of cardiac devices also reduced the mortality. Conclusions: Despite advances in therapeutic management of patients with heart failure, our study demonstrated that the long-term mortality still is high. Much more efforts are needed to improve the inhospital and long-term survival of patients with chronic heart failure

Patient use of complementary and alternative medicine for psoriasis vulgaris and factors believed to trigger the disease: A multicenter cross-sectional study with 1621 patients

Introduction: Due to the chronic recurrent nature of psoriasis vulgaris (PV) and lack of definitive treatment for the disease, patients often resort to alternative treatments. Physicians seem to have low awareness of this issue. Objectives: To elicit the perceptions of 1,621 PV patients on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and examine factors reported to worsen PV. Methods: The patients sociodemographic characteristics, Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), disease duration, and severity were recorded, and the patients CAM use was questioned in detail. The patients were also asked about factors that worsened PV and their experiences with a gluten-free diet. Results: Of the patients, 56.51% had used CAM. The mean age, illness duration, PASI scores and DLQI of those using CAM were significantly higher. CAM use was significantly higher in those with facial, genital involvement, and arthralgia/arthritis. The patients mostly referred to CAM when PV became severe (46.4%). Of the CAM users, 45.52% used herbal topicals. The physicians of 67.03% did not inquire whether they used CAM. Of the participants, 37.73% considered that stress worsened their disease. Gluten-free diet did not affect PV symptoms in 52.22%. Conclusions: Patients CAM use is often overlooked by dermatologists. Our results showed that more than half the patients used CAM and did not share this information with their physicians. Therefore, the awareness of physicians should be increased and patients should be asked about the use of CAM and directed to the appropriate medical treatment options by physicians

Habits of using social media and the internet in psoriasis patients

Introduction: Psoriasis significantly affects the patients quality of life, which often leads patients to seek online information about this disease. Objectives: To explore the habits of patients with psoriasis related to their use of social media (SM) and the internet to obtain information about their disease. Methods: 1,520 patients completed the survey and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire. The Psoriasis Area Severity Index scores (PASI) and clinical data of the patients were recorded by their physicians. Results: Of the 1,114 patients that reported using SM and internet, 48.38% regularly and 31.14% sometimes resorted to obtain information about psoriasis. The use of SM and internet for psoriasis was statistically significantly higher among young people (P = 0.000), those with university or higher education (P = 0.009), higher DLQI (P = 0.000) and PASI (P = 0.011) scores, facial (P = 0.050), scalp (P = 0.032), hand (P = 0.048), genital (P = 0.001) and inverse (P = 0.000) involvement, and arthralgia/arthritis (P = 0.006). The participants mostly used the Google (86%) and Facebook (41%). More than half of the participants (62.8%) expected dermatologists to inform society that psoriasis is not contagious. Conclusions: Internet and SM being widely available and offering substantial information to be easily accessed make it very attractive for patients to use these platforms to investigate diseases, including psoriasis. If what is presented on SM conflicts with what the physician says, patients mostly trust the latter, but at the same time, they tend not to share the results of their online inquiries with their physicians