A SURVEY OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN THE WORLD IN COMPARISON WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION AND TURKEY PRACTICES

As public became more aware of the possible hazardous effects of the conventional farming products, organic agriculture practices have been increasingly spreading all over the world. Since the 1980’s, organic agriculture has been an important topic in the research agenda of the scientists active in various fields from science to biology or even economics. Economic Unions have been increasingly important in the last decade, in which one of them is the European Union (EU) being the most integrated of all. It is an enlarging body that has achieved considerable degree of economic integration. The EU is considered to be important for Turkey. The EU has a supporting role in agricultural policy. Organical agriculture, which is considered to have an important role in EU economics, became more important issue between Turkey and EU relations, due to Turkey’s agriculture potential. Organic agriculture started in Turkey through the demand from foreign countries in 1990’s. Due to the lack of information sharing on organic agriculture, organic agriculture sector in Turkey was not aware of its potential. It is one of the factors that affects organic farming sector negatively. By creating the body which enables data sharing system by more number of people and significant support by organic agriculture sides would lead the sector to benefit from the existing potential. Organic agriculture market in Turkey will have a chance to compete with other world organic agriculture markets. Organic agriculture’s products are healthy for consumers. On the other hand what is also argued within this thesis is organic agriculture’s beneficial effects on the nature

The effect of twinship on mineral matter, immunoglobulin G and lamb birth weight in late pregnant ewes and their newborn lambs

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of twinship on the mineral matter, immunoglobulin G (IgG), andlamb birth weight in late pregnant ewes and their lambs. The material of the study consisted of the 18 Kıvırcık breedewes, which were 130-150 days pregnant, and their 27 newborn lambs. The ewes included in the study weredivided into two groups by ultrasound as those carrying a single pregnancy (n=9) and a twin pregnancy (n=9). BodyCondition Scores (BCS) were determined and then their blood samples were taken. The lambs born from these eweswere weighed with precision scales as soon as they were born, and blood samples were taken 24 hours after birth.Mineral substance determination from blood samples was made by ICP-OES, and IgG determination was made byELISA. It was found that serum IgG and mineral matter levels were not affected by twinship in ewes (p>0.05).Calcium (Ca) level was significantly higher in twin lambs compared to single lambs (p0.05).Total protein and globulin values were significantly higher in single lambs than twin lambs (P 0.05). As a result, it wasdetermined that twinship and BCS did not affect the mineral substance, total protein, albumin, globulin and IgGlevels in late pregnant ewes, while twinship in lambs affected lamb birth weight, total protein, globulin and Cavalues, but not other mineral and IgG levels. Significantly low total protein and globulin concentrations in twinlambs suggest that these animals cannot absorb enough colostrum

The Catalog Of The Ottoman Court Registers Of Thessalonıkı

Türkiye dışında Osmanlı dönemine ait malzemenin bulunduğu ülkelerden birisi de Yunanistan'dır. Yunanistan'ın Selanik şehrinde bulunan Makedonya Tarih Arşivinde Osmanlı döneminden kalan çok değişik türde arşiv koleksiyonu ve katalogları bulunmaktadır. Bu kataloglardan birisi "Selanik Şeriyye Sicili Kataloğu" başlığı altında oluşturulmuştur. Bu Arşivin bir dönem müdürlüğünü de yapmış olan Vasilis DİMİTRİADİS tarafından hazırlanan bu Selanik Şeriyye Sicili Kataloğu 116 sayfadan oluşmaktadır. Katalogda ilki 1694 tarihli ve sonuncusu ise 1912 yılına tarihlendirilen 337 defter yer almaktadır. Bu katalogda yer alan defterlerin neredeyse tamamı Selanik ve civarındaki illerle ilgili tutulmuş Osmanlı Şeriyye Sicillerine aittir. Bu katalogda bulunan 337 defterin her biri fiziki olarak tanımlanmış, boyut ve sayfa adetleri belirtilmiştir. Bunun haricinde defterlerin sağlamlığı, kapaklarının durumu, sayfalarında varsa nasıl yıpranmalar olduğu, defterlerin kapağında hangi malzemenin kullanıldığı ve varsa ne tür süslemelere sahip olduğu açıklanmıştır. Defterlerdeki sayfaların ebatlarına ve muhtevasına bakılarak defterlerin başka defterlerle birleştirilip birleştirilmediği de incelenmiştir. İçerik olarak ise genelde defterdeki ilk kayıt ile sonuncu kayıt arasındaki tarih dilimi gösterilmiştir. Bunun haricinde defterdeki belgelerin hangi tür olduğu ve neler içerdiğine de değinilmiştir. Buna göre hüccet, ferman, vakıfname gibi içerik bilgilendirmesi de yapılarak çalışma yapacak kişilerin işlerini hızlandırmaya yönelik de katkı sağlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada orijinali Yunanca olan Selanik Şeriyye Sicili Kataloğu Türkçeye kazandırılarak Türk okuyucusunun hizmetine sunulması amaçlanmıştır.Greece is one of the countries that has Ottoman archival documents except Turkey. There are various collections and archival catalogues in the Historical Archives of Macedonia in Thessaloniki of Greece. One of these catalogues was formed under the title “Catalogue of Thessaloniki Court Records”. The Catalogue of Thessaloniki Court Records had been prepared by the former director of the archive (Vasilis DIMITRIADIS) and has 116 pages. It has 337 registers from 1694 to 1912. Almost all registers in the catalogue belong to Ottoman court records of Thessaloniki and nearby cities. All of the registers were physically identified and their dimensions and numbers of pages were stated. In the catalogue, the durability of the registers, condition of covers, wearing of the pages if there are any, which materials were used on the covers and what kind of ornaments were imprinted were explained in details. Moreover, considering the dimensions and the context of the registers, it was determined if different registers were united or not. In the context of registers, the historical interval between date of the first entry and the last entry was showed. In addition, it was also clarified what kind of documents the registers contain. Therefore, providing contextual information, such as huccet, ferman and vakifname, will contribute to the researchers in accelerating their study process. The aim of the paper is to translate the Catalogue of Thessaloniki Court Records from Greek into Turkish for the benefit of Turkish researchers

Investigation of structural behavior of liquid storage tank with stiffening plates under wave load

Endüstriyel alanda sıkça yer bulan depolama yapıları, kullanıldıkları amaca göre değişken geometri, taşıyıcı sistem ve yapı malzemesine sahip olup silo olarak isimlendirilmektedir. Sıvı depolama için tasarlanan silo tipi yapılarda silindir tasarım ve çelik konstruksiyon tercih edilmektedir. Sıvı depolama amacıyla inşa edilen bir yapı, depolanan maddeye, sıvı yüzeyinde oluşabilecek dalga kuvvetine ve sıvının silo cidarına yapmakta olduğu hidrostatik basınç dikkate alınarak dizayn edilmektedir. Bu kapsamda silo taşıyıcı sisteminin yatay yönde etkiyen ve yüksekliğe bağlı artan gerilme değerleri altında yeter rijitlikçe çalışması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca, yapı duvarlarından birçok değişkene bağlı olan dalga yükününde karşılanması istenmektedir. Literatürde, dinamik etki altında göçme durumuna gelmiş silo tipi yapılar incelendiğinde; genellikle silo yapısının depolamakla görevli olduğu maddenin dinamik etki altındaki davranışına bağlı olarak yapı rijitliğinin ve periyodunun etkilendiği vurgulanmıştır. Yapı özelliklerinde meydana gelen bu değişimin yapının göçme moduna gelmesine sebep olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, 12.5m çapında ve 12m yüksekliğinde tasarlanan sıvı depolama tankının dalga yükü altındaki davranışı incelenecektir. Dalga yükü etkisinde silo duvarında oluşabilecek gerilme ve deformasyon etkilerini sönümlemek amacı ile dikey ve yatay rijitleştirme levhaları kullanılmıştır. Tasarlanan yapı Ansys WB sonlu elemanlar programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına dayanılarak, rijitleştirme levhalarının yapı davranışına etkisi incelenmiştir. Levhaların birlikte kullanılmasının daha iyi sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür.Storage structures, which are frequently found in the industrial areas, have variable; geometry, carrier system and building material according to their purpose of use. In liquid storage structures, cylinder designed steel silo constructions are quite common. A structure built for liquid storage is designed according to the stored mass, hydrostatic pressure and the wave load within the silo wall. In this case, the silo carrier system needs to operate sufficiently rigid under the horizontal and vertical stresses. Also, under the wave forces, it is desirable from walls, to be able to carry the wave load that varies depending on the mechanical properties of the liquid stored inside. In the literature; When the silo type structures that are collapsed under dynamic excitation effects are examined; it was emphasized that the behavior of stored material under the dynamic excitation; has affected, rigidity and period of the structure. This situation in the structure period and behavior has been shown to cause the structure to fail. In this study, behavior of a liquid storage tank designed with 12.5m diameter and 12m height is investigated under wave loads. Vertical and horizontal stiffening plates are used to dampen the stress and deformation effects that may occur on the structure wall due to wave load. The designed structure is analyzed using Ansys WB program. Based on the results of the analysis, the contribution of the stiffening plates to the behavior is examined. It has been seen that use of plates together has given better results

Comparison of the real-life clinical outcomes of warfarin with effective time in therapeutic range and NOACs: Insight from AFTER-2 Trial

BACKGROUND: We aimed to compare the long-term follow-up results of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who use vitamin K antagonist (VKA) with effective time in therapeutic range (TTR) and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs). METHODS: A total of 1140 patients were followed at 35 different centers for five years. During the follow-up period, the INR values were studied at least 4 times a year and the TTR values were calculated according to the Roosendaal method. The effective TTR level was accepted as >60% as recommended by the guidelines. There were 254 patients in the effective TTR group and 886 patients in the NOACs group. Ischemic cerebrovascular disease/ transient ischemic attack (CVD/TIA), hemorrhagic CVD, and mortality were considered primary endpoints based on one-year and five-year follow-ups. RESULTS: Ischemic CVD/TIA (3.9% vs. 6.2%; P = 0.17) and hemorrhagic CVD (0.4% vs. 0.5%, P = 0.69), the one-year mortality rate (7.1% vs. 8.1%; P = 0.59), five-year mortality rates (24% vs. 26.3%; P = 0.46) were not different between the effective TTR and NOACs groups during the follow-up respectively. The CHA2DS2-VASC score was similar between warfarin with the effective TTR group and NOACs group (3 [2–4] vs. 3 [2–4]; P = 0.17, respectively]. Additionally, survival free-time did not differ between the warfarin with effective TTR group and each NOAC in the Kaplan-Meier analysis (dabigatran, P = 0.59; rivaroxaban, P = 0.34; apixaban, P = 0.26; and edoxaban, P = 0.14). CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in primary outcomes between the effective TTR and NOAC groups in AF patients

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain in COVID-19 Patients After Intensive Care Unit Discharge

Background and Aim:Using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE), the ventricular functions of hospitalized coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients were assessed. However, there is limited information about cardiac functions in the first year after recovery from the intensive care unit (ICU). This research aims to assess the right ventricular functions of COVID-19 patients and their changes within the first year after ICU discharge using 2D-STE.Materials and Methods:The study was conducted prospectively. The study included 68 consecutive patients and 70 control patients. Echocardiography was performed in the ICU and the first year after discharge from the hospital. Right ventricular global longitudinal strain (RVGLS) was measured using the 2D-STE method.Results:The mean age of the study group was 48.67±8.10 and 37 (54.4%) patients were males. There were no substantial differences across the groups, including age, gender, body mass index, heart rate, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking (P > 0.05). A substantially significant positive correlation was detected between right ventricular dimension (RAD) (r = 0.644, P < 0.001), right ventricular diastolic dimension (RVDD) (r = 0.573, P < 0.001), ferritin (r = 0.454, P < 0.001), D-dimer (r = 0.305, P = 0.011) values and RVGLS in the in-hospital and after-discharge first-year groups. The RVGLS values of the control, in-hospital, and after-discharge first-year groups were -20.36±3.06, -16.98±3.78, and -17.58±6.45, indicating a statistically significant difference across the groups (P < 0.001). Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion was higher in the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusion:RVGLS was found to be depressed during the in-hospital period and showed no improvement in the 1 year post discharge

Nihkiforos Grigoras’ın Romaiki İstoria adlı eserinin I.-VI. bölümlerinin çevirisi ve değerlendirilmesi

x, 422 sayfa : 29 cm. 1 C

A survey of organic agricultural sector in the world in comparison with the European Union and Turkey practices

ÖZET İnsan sağlığı üzerine önemli yan etkileri geniş kitleler tarafından bilinmeyen başlandıkça konvansiyonel tarım yerini organik tarım metoduna son yıllarda artan bir hızla bırakmaya başlamıştır.1980 ’lı yıllarda, dünya çapında genişlemeye başlayan alternatif tarım sistemi olan organik tarımın dünya ekonomisindeki yeri, üreticileri, tüketicileri önemli bir araştırma konusunu teşkil etmektedir. Ekonomik birliklerin önemi son on yılda giderek artmıştır, Avrupa birliği bunların en önemlilerinden biridir. Avrupa Birliği giderek genişleyen ekonomik birliği gerçekleştiren bir birliktir. Avrupa Birliği Türkiye için önemli bir birliktir. Avrupa Birliği nin organik tarımı desteklemede öncü rolü bulunmaktadır. AB ekonomisinde önemli bir yere sahip olan organik tarım, Türkiye deki büyük tarım potansiyeli ve önemli AB ilişkileri göz önüne alındığında bir adım daha ileri çıkmaktadır. 1990’lı yılların başında yurt dışından gelen talep doğrultusunda organik tarım Türkiye’de başlamıştır. Ancak Türkiye’deki organik tarım sektörü henüz istenilen seviyeye ulaşmamıştır. Türkiye’deki organik tarım bilgisinin paylaşılmasından doğan eksiklikten ötürü organik tarım gerekli desteği bulamamıştır. Bu da organik tarım ekonomisini olumsuz yönde etkileyen faktörlerden biridir. Türkiye deki organik tarım bilgisinin daha geniş çevrelerce paylaşılabileceği bir yapının oluşturulması ile ve organik tarım tarafları desteği ile organik tarım potansiyel getirilerini daha hızlı sağlamasına önemli olumlu bir katkı sağlayacaktır. Türkiye’deki organik tarım ürünleri pazarı gelişecektir ve dünya organik ürün pazarlarıyla daha çok rekabet edebilecek konuma gelecektir. Organik tarım ürünleri tüketiciler için sağlıklıdır. Diğer yandan organik tarımın doğaya olumlu etkiside bu çalışmada ele alınmıştır. ABSTRACT As public became more aware of the possible hazardous effects of the conventional farming products, organic agriculture practices have been increasingly spreading all over the world. Since the 1980’s, organic agriculture has been an important topic in the research agenda of the scientists active in various fields from science to biology or even economics. Economic Unions have been increasingly important in the last decade, in which one of them is the European Union (EU) being the most integrated of all. It is an enlarging body that has achieved considerable degree of economic integration. The EU is considered to be important for Turkey. The EU has a supporting role in agricultural policy. Organical agriculture, which is considered to have an important role in EU economics, became more important issue between Turkey and EU relations, due to Turkey’s agriculture potential. Organic agriculture started in Turkey through the demand from foreign countries in 1990’s. Due to the lack of information sharing on organic agriculture, organic agriculture sector in Turkey was not aware of its potential. It is one of the factors that affects organic farming sector negatively. By creating the body which enables data sharing system by more number of people and significant support by organic agriculture sides would lead the sector to benefit from the existing potential. Organic agriculture market in Turkey will have a chance to compete with other world organic agriculture markets. Organic agriculture’s products are healthy for consumers. On the other hand what is also argued within this thesis is organic agriculture’s beneficial effects on the nature