Impact differences among the landing phases of a drop vertical jump in soccer players

The aim of this study was to examine the differences of landing phase biomechanics between the players who had anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and healthy participants during single leg drop vertical jump. In this study, 11 soccer players who had anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (aged 23.0±3.6 years, height 177±5.0 cm, weight 83.8±11.7 kg) and 9 healthy soccer players( aged 22.2±2.4 years, height 178±3.0 cm, weight 74.3±6.1 kg) participated voluntarily. During the data collection phase three high speed cameras synchronized to each other and force plate were used. Visual analysis programme and MATLAB were used to calculate kinetic and kinematic variables. Landing techniques of the subjects' were examined by flexion angle of knee, ground reaction force and moment parameters. The statistical analyses of the measured results were performed by t-test and Pearson Correlation analysis. According to the results, it was determined that peak vertical ground reaction force exhibited significant phase differences (p=0.00, and p=0.00, respectively) between the groups. Obtained results can be explained with "quadriceps avoidance" motion pattern which is characterized by decreased quadriceps activity and lower external knee flexion moment in an effort to control anterior translation of the tibia in subjects with ACL reconstruction. A better understanding of the different phases during single-leg landings can shed a light on mechanism of non-contact anterior crucaite ligament injuries therefore future researches should assess how phase differences affect drop vertical jump performance. © 2018 Montenegrin Sports Academy. All rights reserved

The Relationship between Managerial Ethics Perception and Professional Burnout Levels of Employee: A Comparative Study of Five-Star Hotels’ Employees between Turkey and Italy

The purpose of this study is to determine the perceptions of the employees in five-star hotels their regarding managerial ethics and professional burnout levels and also to present the relationship between managerial ethics and professional burnout level. Survey method was used as data collection instrument. A total of 385 questionnaires were implemented on employees working in five-star hotels operating in Istanbul, Turkey and Palermo, Italy. Independent Samples t Test was used for the comparison of data obtained from each country. Furthermore, the relationship between managerial ethics and professional burnout was described through correlation and regression analyses, as a result meaningful correlations between the variables (managerial ethics and professional burnout) are found

İşgörenlerinin yönetsel etik algılamaları ile mesleki tükenmişlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki: Türkiye ve İtalya’daki 4 ve 5 yıldızlı otel işletmeleri işgörenleri karşılaştırması

The purpose of this study is to determine the perceptions of the employees in fivestar hotels their regarding managerial ethics and professional burnout levels and also to present the relationship between managerial ethics and professional burnout level. Survey method was used as data collection instrument. A total of 385 questionnaires were implemented on employees working in five-star hotels operating in Istanbul, Turkey and Palermo, Italy. Independent Samples t Test was used for the comparison of data obtained from each country. Furthermore, the relationship between managerial ethics and professional burnout was described through correlation and regression analyses, as a result meaningful correlations between the variables (managerial ethics and professional burnout) are found.Bu araştırmanın amacı, beş yıldızlı otel işletmleri çalışanlarının yönetsel etik algılamaları ile mesleki tükenmişlik düzeylerini belirleyerek aralarındaki ilişki düzeylerini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket tekniğinden yararlanılmış olup, Türkiye’de (İstanbul) ve İtalya’da (Palermo) faaliyet gösteren otel işletmlerinde çalışan toplam 385 kişiye uygulanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular, araştırmanın amacına uygun olarak t testi, korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri kullanılarak çözümlenmiş olup, uygulanan korelasyon ve regrasyon analizi sonucu değişkenler (yönetsel etik ve mesleki tükenmişlik) arasında anlamlı ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir

Turkish-Greek relations within the European Union framework

Turko-Greek relations have been strained by a number of conflicting issues such as Cyprus, Continental Shelf, Territorial Waters, the Öcalan affair, and the S-300 Missiles crisis on Cyprus. Until the December 1999 Helsinki Summit, Greece was one of the strong opponents of Turkey's membership in the European Union (EU). However, at the Helsinki Summit of 1999, Greece dropped her negative position permitting Turkey to be declared by the EU as a candidate country. This shift in foreign policy had a direct impact on both Turkey-Greece and Turkey-EU relations. It also represents a major step forward on bilateral relations. The research question tries to explore how did Greek-Turkish relations, disputes in the Aegean and Cyprus entanglement shape Turkey-EU relations and after the Helsinki Summit in 1999 and also with Greek-Turkish rapprochement, how do we expect Greek-Turkish relations to influence Turkey-EU relations. The focus of the thesis will cover a time period between the Athens Treaty of 1961 and December 2005, when Turkey reached the negotiation phase in her EU accession

The study of the relationships between social appearance anxiety, self-esteem and loneliness level among university studentsÜniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal görünüş kaygıları ile benlik saygıları ve yalnızlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between social physique anxiety, self-esteem and loneliness level between university students. Six hundred twenty nine female and seven hundred fifty six male university students from the Department of Economies and Administrative Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Faculty of Law, Faculty of Sciences, Faculty of Letters, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Theology, Faculty of Communication, Faculty of Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Architecture, Faculty of Forestry and Tourism and Hotel Management Program of Vocational School in Karadeniz Technical University were participated in the study.The Personal Information Form, Social Physique Anxiety Scale. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and UCLA Loneliness Scale were administered to participants. Data were analyzed by the program called SSPS 16.0. For analysis, techniques of descriptive statistics, arithmetic mean, mode, standard deviation and percentage were used. In addition, t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for independent groups were applied. Examining the source of the differences, Turkey’s lest was additionally conducted. Correlation and regression analysis measurements were performed to specify the relationships between dependent variables.The study revealed that social appearance anxiety is low between university students as the social physique anxiety scale offers. However, significant differences were detected in comparisons between social appearance anxiety levels and gender, family structure, places they spend most of the time, weight and height satisfaction, and wearing luxury brands variables. It was found that there are not significant differences between social appearance anxiety levels, and the monthly expenses and wearing luxury brands. It was also found that there are not significant differences between Rosenberg self-esteem scale results and gender, the places they spend most of the time and monthly expenses. However, there is a significant difference betweentheir loneliness level and gender, the places they spend most of the time and monthly expenses. When examined, there is a negative relationship between social appearance anxiety and self-esteem whilst there is a positive relationship between social appearance anxiety and loneliness. Additionally, there is a negative relationship between self-esteem and loneliness. ÖzetBu araştırmanın temel amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal görünüş kaygıları ile benlik saygıları ve yalnızlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Tarama modelindeki bu araştırmaya 2013-2014 Eğitim Öğretim Yılında Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hukuk Fakültesi, Fen Fakültesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi Tıp Fakültesi, İlahiyat Fakültesi, İletişim Fakültesi, Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Eczacılık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Orman Fakültesi ve Turizm Otelcilik Meslek Yüksek Okulu’ nda öğrenim gören toplam  1386 (629 kadın, 756 erkek) öğrenci katılmıştır.Araştırmada veri toplama araçları olarak; “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”,  “Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı Ölçeği”, “Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği” ve “Ucla Yalnızlık Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SSPS 16.0 paket programından yararlanılmıştır.Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistiklerden; yüzde, frekans,aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca araştırmada bağımsız gruplar için t-Testi, bağımsız gruplar için tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA)ve farkın kaynağına bakmak amacıyla da Tukey testine başvurulmuştur. Bağımlı değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek için korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır.Araştırmada üniversite öğrencilerinin, sosyal görünüş kaygısı ölçeğinden elde ettikleri ortalamalar açısından sosyal görünüş kaygı düzeylerinin düşük olduğu bulunmuştur. Bunun yanında öğrencilerin sosyal görünüş kaygısı puanlarıyla; cinsiyet, aile yapısı, hayatının önemli bir kısmını geçirdiği yer, kilosundan memnun olma durumu, boyundan memnun olma durumu ve marka giyinme değişkenleri açısından yapılan karşılaştırmalarda ise anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Sosyal görünüş kaygısı puanlarıyla; bireysel olarak aylık harcanan para ve marka giyinme değişkenine göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği bulunmuştur. Rosenbergbenlik saygısı puanlarıyla; cinsiyet, hayatının önemli bir kısmını geçirdiği yer ve bireysel olarak aylık harcanan para değişkenine göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği bulunmuştur. Yalnızlık puanlarıyla; cinsiyet, hayatının önemli bir kısmını geçirdiği yer ve bireysel olarak aylık harcanan para değişkenine göre anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca bağımlı değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiye bakıldığında, sosyal görünüş kaygısı ile benlik saygısı arasında negatif yönde anlamlı ilişki olduğu, sosyal görünüş ile yalnızlık arasında da pozitif anlamlı ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanında benlik algısı ile yalnızlık arasında da negatif yönde anlamlı ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir

An evaluation of corporate social ınnovation approaches and practices of public and private hospitals in Turkey

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’deki kamu ve özel sektör hastanelerinin kurumsal sosyal inovasyon yaklaşım ve uygulamalarına yönelik betimsel bir değerlendirme yapmaktır. Bu nedenle kamu ve özel sektör hastanelerinin, sosyal inovasyonun gelişimini sağlayacak yönetişim özelliklerine hangi düzeyde sahip olduğu geliştirilen yeni bir ölçek ile belirlenmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılan anket, Türkiye'nin 7 bölgesinden 14 şehirde faaliyet gösteren 140 kamu ve özel sektör hastanesinin 140 üst düzey yöneticisine uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde faktör analizi, güvenirlik analizi, betimsel istatistikler Ki-Kare testi, t testi ve varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, hastanelerin türü ile inovasyon faaliyetlerine kaynak ayırma ve inovasyon departmanı olma durumu arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu, genel olarak hastanelerin kurumsal sosyal inovasyon yaklaşım ve uygulama düzeylerinin 5'li Likert derecelemesinde ortalamanın üzerinde olduğu ve kurumsal sosyal inovasyona yönelik yönetici görüşlerinin hastane türü, inovasyona kaynak ayırma ve inovasyon departmanı olma durumuna göre anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.The purpose of this research is to make a descriptive assessment for public and private sector hospitals practices and applications of corporate social innovation approach in Turkey. For this reason, it has been determined by a new developed scale whether public and private sector hospitals have or no level of governance characteristics that will ensure the development of social innovation. The questionnaire used as data collection tool were applied to 140 senior executives working in 140 public and private hospitals operating in 14 cities of 7 regions of Turkey. Factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t test and variance analysis were used for data analysis. As a result of the study, it was found that there were significant relationships between the type of hospitals and the resource allocation and innovation department of innovation activities, and the general level of institutional social innovation approach and application levels of hospitals were above average in a 5-point Likert scale. It has been determined that managers' views on corporate social innovation differ significantly according to the type of hospital, resource allocation and innovation department

In reply Demirtaş et al.,

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The influence of cooking methods and some marinades on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation in beef meat

This study aimed to determine the effect of various marinades and their concentrations, as well as various cooking procedures, on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation in cooked beef. The PAH levels in meat were determined, based on the saponification of lipids by methanolic/potassium hydroxide solution, followed by liquid–liquid extraction and QuEChERS method. Pan frying caused lower levels of BaP (1.39 versus 1.62 µg/kg) and PAH4 (5.58 versus 5.73 µg/kg) in beef meat than barbecuing. For sage and thyme extracts prepared at 0.5 to 2.0 °Brix, a significant decrease in the PAH levels of barbecued meat samples was achieved compared to the controls. The levels of PAHs in the samples containing the commercial marinating material were found to be higher than those in the non-marinated control. The BaP and PAH4 levels found in the meat samples marinated with sage and thyme extracts, were below the EU maximum levels. However, BaP was the highest for Control 2 (2.26 µg/kg), and exceeded the EU maximum limit of 2 mg/kg for BaP in heat-treated meat and meat products. The results show a reducing effect of sage and thyme extracts that are normally used during marinating of meat, on the formation of PAH compounds. Consequently, the extracts of sage and thyme, could be used in the commercial marinating material to reduce the level of PAH compounds formed in meat during cooking

The protective effect of docosahexaenoic acid on the bilirubin neurotoxicity

Usually, all newborns demonstrate high serum unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) level. UCB may induce adverse effects in the central nervous system. We aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of UCB and the protective effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on astrocyte cell cultures. The viability of astrocyte cells decreased after UCB treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-incubation of DHA prevents the cells from UCB-mediated neurotoxicity. Our results shown that UCB leads to inhibition of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and GPx activity and induction of apoptosis. But only 4-h pretreatment of DHA can suppress of UCB-mediated inhibition of antioxidant enzymes SOD, catalase and GPx activity and induction of apoptosis in astrocytes. Our results strongly indicated that DHA has a protective effect on UCB-mediated neurotoxicity through inhibition apoptosis and antioxidant enzymes activity of SOD, CAT and GPx in rat primer astrocyte cell line © 2013 Informa UK, Ltd

Attitudes of staff regarding animal welfare: A description on poultry farms in Afyonkarahisar

Bu araştırmanın amacı Afyonkarahisar ili ve ilçelerinde faaliyet gösteren yumurtacı tavuk işletmeleri çalışanlarının hayvan refahına ilişkin tutumlarının analiz edilmesidir. Araştırma, 53 ticari yumurtacı işletmede çalışanlar ile yüz yüze görüşme yoluyla yürütülmüş, çalışanların bireysel özellikleri ile bilişsel, duyuşsal ve davranışsal boyutta hayvan refahı tutum ölçeğini içeren toplam 118 anket değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubu tavukçuluk işletmelerinin sahipleri veya yöneticileri ile bu işletmelerde hayvan bakım ve idaresinde görevli veteriner hekim, ziraat mühendisi ve yumurtacı tavuk bakım ve idaresinden sorumlu diğer çalışanlardan oluşmaktadır. Yumurtacı tavuk çiftliklerinde katılımcıların büyük bölümünün erkek (%87,29) ve 40 yaşından küçük (%64,4) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışanların %72,88’ inin orta eğitim ve yüksek okul mezunu ve %63,56’sının iş deneyiminin 17 yıl veya daha az olduğu belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların hayvan refahına ilişkin tutumlarının bilişsel boyutuna ilişkin bulgular katılımcıların hayvan refahı konusunda yeterli bilgisiye sahip olmadığını göstermiştir. Tutumun duyuşsal ve davranışsal boyutlarına ilişkin sonuçlar, çalışanların hayvan refahına yönelik tutumunun kültürel, ahlaki ve toplumsal öğeler ile inançlar tarafından etkilendiğini ve daha yararcı bir içerik taşıdığını göstermiştir.The objective of this study was to analyze the attitudes of staff at layer hen farms operating in Afyonkarahisar province and its districts. The study was carried out with face to face interviews of staff working at 53 commercial layer hen farms to measure the cognitive, affective and behavioral dimensions of attitudes regarding animal welfare with a total of 118 survey forms which were evaluated. The sample group of the study consisted of the owners or administrators of poultry farms as well as veterinarians, agricultural engineers and other staff responsible for the care and administration of laying hens at these farms. It has been determined that a major proportion of the participants from the layer hen farms were male (87,29%) and under the age of 40 years old (64,4%). It was determined that 72,88% of the staff were graduates of secondary school and college and 63,56% of them had 17 years or less of work experience. Information on the cognitive dimension of attitudes of participants towards animal welfare has shown that knowledge in terms of animal welfare is inadequate. The results for the affective and behavioral dimensions indicate that the attitudes of staff regarding animal welfare are influenced by cultural, moral and social cults as well as beliefs and sustains a more utilitarian content