Перераспределение направления трещин гидравлического разрыва пласта с помощью оптимизации системы поддержания пластового давления

В данной статье описывается технология для контроля направления распространения трещин при проведении гидравлического разрыва пласта. С этой целью был проведен анализ уже имеющихся технологий. Представлено собственное решение для перераспределения направления трещины с помощью оптимизации системы поддержания пластового давления

The Nachtlichter app: a citizen science tool for documenting outdoor light sources in public space

The relationship between satellite based measurements of city radiance at night and the numbers and types of physical lights installed on the ground is not well understood. Here we present the "Nachtlichter app", which was developed to enable citizen scientists to classify and count light sources along street segments over large spatial scales. The project and app were co-designed: citizen scientists played key roles in the app development, testing, and recruitment, as well as in analysis of the data. In addition to describing the app itself and the data format, we provide a general overview of the project, including training materials, data cleaning, and the result of some basic data consistency checks

Developing a new Production Host from a Blueprint: Bacillus pumilus as an industrial Enzyme producer

BackgroundSince volatile and rising cost factors such as energy, raw materials and market competitiveness have a significant impact on the economic efficiency of biotechnological bulk productions, industrial processes need to be steadily improved and optimized. Thereby the current production hosts can undergo various limitations. To overcome those limitations and in addition increase the diversity of available production hosts for future applications, we suggest a Production Strain Blueprinting (PSB) strategy to develop new production systems in a reduced time lapse in contrast to a development from scratch.To demonstrate this approach, Bacillus pumilus has been developed as an alternative expression platform for the production of alkaline enzymes in reference to the established industrial production host Bacillus licheniformis.ResultsTo develop the selected B. pumilus as an alternative production host the suggested PSB strategy was applied proceeding in the following steps (dedicated product titers are scaled to the protease titer of Henkel’s industrial production strain B. licheniformis at lab scale): Introduction of a protease production plasmid, adaptation of a protease production process (44%), process optimization (92%) and expression optimization (114%). To further evaluate the production capability of the developed B. pumilus platform, the target protease was substituted by an α-amylase. The expression performance was tested under the previously optimized protease process conditions and under subsequently adapted process conditions resulting in a maximum product titer of 65% in reference to B. licheniformis protease titer.ConclusionsIn this contribution the applied PSB strategy performed very well for the development of B. pumilus as an alternative production strain. Thereby the engineered B. pumilus expression platform even exceeded the protease titer of the industrial production host B. licheniformis by 14%. This result exhibits a remarkable potential of B. pumilus to be the basis for a next generation production host, since the strain has still a large potential for further genetic engineering. The final amylase titer of 65% in reference to B. licheniformis protease titer suggests that the developed B. pumilus expression platform is also suitable for an efficient production of non-proteolytic enzymes reaching a final titer of several grams per liter without complex process modifications

The structure of ground beetle assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) at fruit falls of Melastomataceae trees in a Brazilian terra firme rain forest

Although most Carabidae are recognized as predacious, recent studies have shown that some tropical rain forest Carabidae use the small seeds of fallen fruit from some tree species as a key food resource (particularly figs [Moraceae] but also those from other families). Assemblages of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) at fruit falls of the Melastomataceae tree genera, Bellucia, Loreya, and Miconia, were studied in a terra firme rain forest near Manaus (Amazonia, Brazil) from February 1992 to August 1996. Of 5483 specimens of 14 carabid species collected at 53 fruit falls, 98.2 percent of the collected beetles represented the seed-feeding genus Notiobia. Four of the 7 Notiobia species were found to reproduce at Melastomataceae fruit falls. The most abundant species, N. glabrata, was found to be a Melastomataceae seed generalist, while N. maxima seemed to prefer the seeds of Bellucia, and N. aulica and N. umbrifera the seeds of Miconia. The presence of larvae indicated reproduction of N. glabrata at fruit falls of all three tree genera and reproduction of N. maxima at those of Bellucia. Fruit falls of different species and genera of Melastomataceae appeared to occur at different times of the year and not continuously throughout the year. The seed-feeding Notiobia species, which specialize on Melastomataceae, used fruit falls of figs as migratory "stepping stones" during periods when there were no Melastomataceae fruit falls. The comparable suite of fig seed-feeding specialist species of Notiobia did not appear to do the reverse and seemed to avoid Melastomataceae fruit falls. The carabid assemblage at fig fruit falls was more diverse than the assemblage at those of Melastomataceae. Among the Melastomataceae, carabid species richness was highest at Miconia fruit falls and lowest at Loreya fruit falls. The three most common predatory species caught at Ficus fruit falls were also caught at those of Melastomataceae and appeared to reproduce at both fruit fall types. The proportion of the carabid assemblage accounted by predatory species was much lower at Melastomataceae (1.8%) than at fig fruit falls (8%)

La relation inter-individuelle en hypnose clinique et sa dynamique thérapeutique

L'hypnose est à l'origine des psychothérapies et de la psychanalyse. Ce travail a notamment pour but de montrer que le prétendu abandon de l'hypnose comme objet d'étude par Freud est faux (nous montrons qu'il l'a utilisé au moins jusqu'en 1924), et que la psychanalyse non seulement est née de l'hypnose mais également pourrait venir en retour éclairer ce qui peut paraître encore "mystérieux" dans cette pratique. Pour ce faire, l'auteur interroge le processus transférentiel à l'oeuvre dans un suivi par hypnose de patients douloureux chroniques. Est également interrogée la question de la psychomatique (sous l'angle des figures de l'analogie), de l'effet placebo et de la suggestion. La place de l'hypnose dans le champ médical et en psychologie est vue de Mesmer à Roustang. L'auteur conclut à l'existence d'un transfert immédiat, de type empathique, sur lequel s'appuie l'hypnose et qui permet de construire les suggestions à partir du contre-transfert du thérapeute.Hypnosis is at the origin of psychotherapies ans psychoanalysis. The purpose of this work is in particular to show that the alleged abandonment of hypnosis as object of study by Freud is false (we show that it used it at least until 1924) and that the psychoanlalysis not only was born from hypnosis but also could light in return what can appear still "mysterious" in this practice. To be done, the author questions the process of transference in a follow-up by hypnosis of chronic painful patients. Is also questioned the question of psychosomatic (under the angle of the figures of the analogy), of the placebo effect, and the suggestion. The place of the hypnosis in the medical field and psychology is seen from Mesmer to Roustang. The author concluded with the existence of an immediate transfer of empathic type, on which the hypnosis is based and which makes possible building the suggestions starting from the counter-transference of the therapeutist.POITIERS-BU Droit Lettres (861942101) / SudocSudocFranceF