Drying of Drilling Sludge: Conventional and Microwave Drying

Drilling sludge (DS) is one of the most important waste generated during drilling activitiesand management of drilling sludge (DS) is highly complicated because of its highmoisture content, complex constituents and chemical characteristics. Treatment, transportationand disposal costs of DS are important issues about the management of DS.Restrictive environmental legislation has led to the optimization of solid–liquid separation.Drying process can be defined as an effective solution to reduce sludge mass and thus toreduce management cost.In this study, conventional and microwave drying of DS were compared in terms ofprocess efficiency. Microwave power levels, drying temperature, drying times, moisturecontent of the DS and energy consumption of drying processes were defined as controlparameters. Microwave power levels of 120 and 700 W and 60 and 80 oC were performedto dry the DS sample for microwave and conventional drying, respectively. The resultsshowed that the microwave drying was more effective than conventional method in theview of drying times and energy consumption

Hidrokarbon Sondaj Atık Çamurunun Arıtımı, Geri Kazanımı Ve Inşaat Sektöründe Tekrar Kullanımı

Bu çalışmada, hidrokarbon sondajı sonucu oluşan atık sondaj çamurlarının çimento ile solidifikasyon/stabilizasyon yöntemi uygulanarak arıtılması ve geri kazanımı araştırılmıştır. Trakya Bölgesinde hidrokarbon arama ve çıkarma çalışmaları sırasında ortaya çıkan su bazlı hidrokarbon sondaj atık çamuru kullanılmıştır. kurutularak ve kurutulmadan, farklı oranlarda çimento ile ikameli olarak çimento bazlı solidifikasyon/stabilizasyon (S/S) prosesine tabi tutulmuştur. Çalışmanın ilk aşamada S/S prosesi uygulaması ile üretilmiş olan katı materyalin dayanım ve dayanıklılık özellikleri belirlenerek inşaat yapı malzemesi olarak kullanılabilirliği değerlendirilmiştir. İkinci aşamada söz konusu materyalin içeriğinde bulunan kirleticilerin sıvı ortama geçişleri incelenmiş ve çevresel etkileri ortaya konulmuştur. Böylelikle S/S prosesinin, hem söz konusu materyalin dayanımına hem de kirletici konsantrasyonlarının azaltılmasına etkileri belirlenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında ele alınan bir diğer konu da sondaj çamurunun ve S/S prosesi ile üretilen materyalin Atıkların Düzenli Depolanmasına Dair Yönetmelik kapsamında depolanabilirliğinin değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre sondaj çamurunun inşaat yapı malzemesi olarak geri kazanımı ve bertarafı ortaya konulmuştur.In this study, the treatment and recovery of drilling waste sludge occuring from exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons in the Thrace Region.Wet and dried drilling sludges were used in cement-based solidification / stabilization (S / S) process with different portion of cement. In the first stage of the study, strength and durability properties of the solid material produced by the S / S process application were determined and its usability as a building material was evaluated. In the second step, the leaching of the pollutants from the content of the material to the liquid medium was investigated and the environmental effects were determined. Thus, it has been determined how the S/S process has both an effect on the resistance of the material and reduction in the concentration of contaminants. Another subject covered in the scope of the study is the assessment of the disposability of the drilling sludge and the materials produced with S/S process in accordance with the Regulation on the Sanitary Landfilling of Wastes. According to the results of the study, the recovery of drilling sludge as a construction building material and disposal of drilling sludge were determined

RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF THE PATIENTS SENSITIZED WITH HOUSE DUST MITE

Amaç: Ocak 2002-Aralık 2003 tarihleri arasında epidermal deri prick test sonucunda akar pozitifliği saptanan hastaların değerlendirilmesi. Gereç ve yöntem: 172 hastanın dosyaları retrospektif olarak tarandı. Bulgular: Hastaların 76'sı (%44,2) kız, 96'sı (%55,8) erkek idi. 5-68 yaşlarındaki (Ort 18,92 ± 13,08) hastaların 53'ü (%30,8) astım, 20'si (%11,6) mevsimsel allerjik rinit (MAR), 24'ü (%14) perennial allerjik rinit (PAR), 12'si (%7) ürtiker, 2'si (%1,2) atopik dermatit, 15'i (%8,7) astım ve MAR, 31'i (%18) astım ve PAR, 3'ü (%1,7) astım ve ürtiker, 5'i (%2,9) PAR ve ürtiker, 4'ü (%2,3) MAR ve ürtiker, 1'i (%0,6) astım, PAR ve ürtiker, 2'si (%1,2) astım, MAR ve ürtiker tanıları ile izlenmekteydi. Astım (Ort 5,67 ± 3,79 yıl), MAR (Ort 25,46 ± 15,60) ve PAR'e (Ort 17,40 ± 12,91) göre daha erken yaşlarda ortaya çıkmıştı. 106 hastanın (%61,6) ailesinde atopi mevcuttu. Ig E düzeyleri 7,6-1521 IU/L (Ort 343,61 ± 334,28 IU/L), total eozinofil düzeyleri 0- 1420/mm³ (391,88 ± 213,60/mm³) arasında idi. 77 hastanın (%44) sadece akarlara, 95 hastanın (%56) diğer aeroallerjenlere de duyarlılığı gösterildi. Hastaların 18'ine (% 10,5) immunoterapi uygulanmıştı. Sonuç: Ev tozu akarları; astım, alerjik rinit, atopik dermatit ve ürtikeri de içeren allerjik hastalıkların patogenezinde önemli bir rol oynamakta ve bu allerjenlerden korunma allerjik hastalıkların tedavisinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Objective: To evaluate the patients sensitized with house dust mite between January 2002 - December 2003. Material and method: The files of 172 patients were evaluated retrospectively. Results: 76 (44.2%) of the patients were females, 96 (55.8%) of them were males. 53 (30.8%) of the patients between the ages 5-68 years old (Med 18.92 ± 13.08) were followed as asthma, 20 (11.6%) as seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR), 24 (14%) as perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR), 12 (7%) as urticaria, two (1.2%) as atopic dermatitis, 15 (8.7%) as asthma and SAR, 31 (18%) as asthma and PAR, three (1.7%) as asthma and urticaria, five (2.9%) as PAR and urticaria, four (2.3%) as SAR and urticaria, one (0.6%) as asthma, PAR and urticaria, two (1.2%) as asthma, SAR and urticaria. The asthma seemed to be appear in earlier years (Med 5.67 ± 3.79 years) than SAR (Med 25,46 ± 15.60) and PAR (Med 17.40 ± 12.91). Atopy was present in families of the 106 (61.6%) patients. The Ig E levels of the patients were between 7,6-1521 IU/L (Med 343.61 ± 334.28 IU/L) and total eosinophil levels were between 0-1420/mm³ (391.88 ± 213.60/mm³). 77 (44%) of the patients were sensitized with only the house dust and 95 (56%) of them were sensitized with either other aeroallergens. Immunotherapy was applied to 18 (10,5%) of the patients. Conclusion: House dust mites play a major role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and urticaria and avoidance from these allergens is an important part in the management of the allergic diseases

Characteristics of food allergy in children: National multicenter study

Conference: Congress of the European-Academy-of-Allergy-and-Clinical-Immunology (EAACI) Location: Lisbon, PORTUGAL Date: JUN 01-05, 2019Background : Food allergies impose a significant burden on the life of the child and the family. In this study, to determine the demographic characteristics of food allergies, we investigated the characteristics of patients with food allergies in different regions of Pediatric Allergy- Immunology departments in Turkey. Method : Turkey ' s National Study of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Society has conducted a Study Group on Food Allergies. 25 centers participated in this multicenter, cross- sectional and descriptive study.European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunolog

Conventional and microwave drying of hydrocarbon cutting sludge

The purpose of this article is to investigate the drying kinetics and determine the effectiveness of conventional and microwave drying processes for drying of hydrocarbon cutting sludge which is one of the most important waste occurring from petroleum and natural gas cutting activities. Drying experiments of hydrocarbon cutting sludge were performed at MW power levels of 120, 460, and 600 W using microwave dryer and at drying temperatures of 140 degrees C and 180 degrees C. The sample weights were selected as 50, 100, and 150 g. Energy consumption values were determined, according to the microwave power levels, drying temperature, drying times, moisture ratio, as 0.01-0.11 kW/h for microwave, and as 0.11-0.55 kW/h for conventional drying processes. The results showed that the microwave drying was the more effective drying process in terms of drying times and energy consumption. Furthermore, as a result of the statistical analysis, the most suitable model among five drying models was determined according to the chi(2), e(s), and r criteria. (c) 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13104, 201