Efecto de los agonistas del receptor de trombopoyetina en la hemostasia de los pacientes con trombocitopenia inmune primaria

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina. Fecha de lectura: 26-02-2019Este trabajo pudo realizarse gracias a la financiación FIS-FONDOS FEDER PI 15/01457

Nuevas Aproximaciones Terapéuticas para la Enfermedad de Pompe

La enfermedad de Pompe es una enfermedad autosómica recesiva de depósito lisosomal en la que la enzima alfa-glucosidasa ácida (GAA) está deficiente o ausente. La deficiencia lisosomal de esta enzima supone un acúmulo de glucógeno en múltiples tejidos, siendo el músculo cardiaco y el esquelético los más afectados. El espectro clínico varía en función del momento de la vida en la que aparece la enfermedad, distinguiéndose de este modo la variedad infantil y la variedad juvenil o adulta, siendo una enfermedad mortal si no se trata ni diagnostica a tiempo. En la actualidad, la terapia de sustitución enzimática (TSE) ha resultado ser la única terapia aprobada en humanos, con éxito en los síntomas cardiacos, pero no suficiente para tratar de forma efectiva los síntomas del músculo esquelético. Por este motivo es necesario que aparezcan nuevas terapias, que administradas en humanos en combinación con la TSE, pudieran ser capaces de revertir la sintomatología de la enfermedad. De este modo, han surgido en los últimos años estudios centrados en nuevas aproximaciones terapéuticas, que al menos en modelos animales, parecen ser prometedores para aumentar la esperanza y calidad de vida del afectado con enfermedad de Pompe. Este trabajo trata de recoger las principales estrategias terapéuticas de relevancia clínica en el estudio del tratamiento de esta enfermedad

Insights into the procoagulant profile of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus without antiphospholipid antibodies

We aimed to identify the key players in the prothrombotic profile of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) not mediated by antiphospholipid antibodies, as well as the potential utility of global coagulation tests to characterize hemostasis in these patients. Patients with SLE without antiphospholipid antibodies and without signs of thrombosis were included. The kinetics of clot formation were determined by ROTEM®. Platelet activation markers were determined by flow cytometry. Thrombin generation associated with Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) and microparticles (MPs) was measured by calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT). The plasma levels of PAI-1 were also determined. ROTEM® showed a procoagulant profile in SLE patients. SLE patients had activated platelets and more leukocyte/platelet aggregates at basal conditions. The plasma PAI-1 and platelet aggregates correlated with several ROTEM® parameters. The thrombin generation associated withthe tissue factor (TF) content of MPs and with NETs was increased. Our results suggest the utility of global tests for studying hemostasis in SLE patients because they detect their procoagulant profile, despite having had neither antiphospholipid antibodies nor any previous thrombotic event. A global appraisal of hemostasis should, if possible, be incorporated into clinical practice to detect the risk of a thrombotic event in patients with SLE and to consequently act to prevent its occurrenceThis work was supported by grant from the FIS-FONDOS FEDER (PI19/00772, NVB). E.M.M. holds a predoctoral fellowship from Fundación Española de Trombosis y Hemostasia (FETH-SETH

The Truncated Isoform of Somatostatin Receptor5 (sst5TMD4) Is Associated with Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Somatostatin receptors (ssts) are expressed in thyroid cancer cells, but their biological significance is not well understood. The aim of this study was to assess ssts in well differentiated (WDTC) and poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) by means of imaging and molecular tools and its relationship with the efficacy of somatostatin analog treatment. Thirty-nine cases of thyroid carcinoma were evaluated (20 PDTC and 19 WDTC). Depreotide scintigraphy and mRNA levels of sst-subtypes, including the truncated variant sst5TMD4, were carried out. Depreotide scans were positive in the recurrent tumor in the neck in 6 of 11 (54%) PDTC, and in those with lung metastases in 5/11 cases (45.4%); sst5TMD4 was present in 18/20 (90%) of PDTC, being the most densely expressed sst-subtype, with a 20-fold increase in relation to sst2. In WDTC, sst2 was the most represented, while sst5TMD4 was not found; sst2 was significantly increased in PDTC in comparison to WDTC. Five depreotide positive PDTC received octreotide for 3-6 months in a pilot study with no changes in the size of the lesions in 3 of them, and a significant increase in the pulmonary and cervical lesions in the other 2. All PDTC patients treated with octreotide showed high expression of sst5TMD4. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that only sst5TMD4 discriminates between PDTC and WDTC. We conclude that sst5TMD4 is overexpressed in PDTC and may be involved in the lack of response to somatostatin analogue treatment

Adsorption of Paracetamol in Hospital Wastewater Through Activated Carbon Filters

In recent years, pharmaceutical products have been causing a serious environmental problem in hospital wastewater and water purification plants. The elimination of these pollutants is difficult due to their resistance to biological degradation. Paracetamol has been detected in higher concentrations in hospital wastewater than in other buildings. Activated carbons are a good material for removing paracetamol from hospital wastewater. One of the starting materials to obtain activated carbons is kenaf, which is an easy plant to cultivate. To study the elimination of paracetamol from hospital wastewater by activated carbon, the textural and chemical characterization of activated carbon, as well as the kinetic study and the analysis of the paracetamol adsorption mechanism by the adsorbent, have been carried out. The activated carbon samples studied are micro-mesoporous, with high specific surface values. The chemical composition with presence of oxygen groups favours the adsorption process. The adsorption kinetics were adjusted to a pseudo-second order model. The adsorption mechanism followed the intraparticular diffusion model, carried out in two stages: a fast first stage on the surface of the adsorbent and a slow one inside the pore. Based on the kinetic study, the use of this type of carbon is a good application for the removal of paracetamol from hospital wastewater

An Experimental Technology of Drying and Clean Combustion of Biomass Residues

In the present study, the drying and combustion of solid biomass residues are developed. The combustion of the residues inside a boiler and a stove have been done. We used three types of solid biomass residues (i.e., cork, pine pellet and olive pomace). These residues have been dried by using screw dryers. Experimental installation has been used for a series of thermal drying tests of the residues by measuring the temperature inside the dryer and their moisture contents. A laboratory screw dryer was used to dry the olive pomace by using hot gases from a chimney of a biomass stove. Elemental and proximate analyses, as well as the higher heating value (HHV) of the raw materials, have been determined. In the experiments, moisture content variation of the residues and drying temperatures are obtained. These residues are dried several times under the same drying conditions to achieve the final moisture content rate. On the other hand, the temperature of combustion chamber of the boiler has been measured under different conditions. It has been found that by increasing hot gas temperature, the drying rate is increased. Finally, it has been found that the drying of these residues increases their calorific values and reduces the emissions

An experimental technology of drying and clean combustion of biomass residues

En el presente estudio, se desarrollan el secado y la combustión de residuos sólidos de biomasa. Se ha realizado la combustión de los residuos dentro de una caldera y una estufa. Utilizamos tres tipos de residuos sólidos de biomasa (es decir, corcho, pellet de pino y orujo de oliva). Estos residuos se han secado utilizando secadores de tornillo. La instalación experimental se ha utilizado para una serie de pruebas de secado térmico de los residuos midiendo la temperatura dentro del secador y su contenido de humedad. Se usó un secador de tornillo de laboratorio para secar el orujo de oliva utilizando gases calientes de una chimenea de una estufa de biomasa. Se han determinado análisis elementales y próximos, así como el mayor valor de calentamiento (HHV) de las materias primas. En los experimentos, se obtienen variaciones en el contenido de humedad de los residuos y temperaturas de secado. Estos residuos se secan varias veces en las mismas condiciones de secado para lograr la tasa final de contenido de humedad. Por otro lado, la temperatura de la cámara de combustión de la caldera se ha medido en diferentes condiciones. Se ha encontrado que, al aumentar la temperatura del gas caliente, aumenta la velocidad de secado. Finalmente, se ha encontrado que el secado de estos residuos aumenta sus valores caloríficos y reduce las emisiones.In the present study, the drying and combustion of solid biomass residues are developed. The combustion of the residues inside a boiler and a stove have been done. We used three types of solid biomass residues (i.e., cork, pine pellet and olive pomace). These residues have been dried by using screw dryers. Experimental installation has been used for a series of thermal drying tes ts of the residues by measuring the temperature inside the dryer and their moisture contents. A laboratory screw dryer was used to dry the olive pomace by using hot gases from a chimney of a biomass stove. Elemental and proximate analyses, as well as the higher heating value (HHV) of the raw materials, have been determined. In the experiments, moisture content variation of the residues and drying temperatures are obtained. These residues are dried several times under the same drying conditions to achieve the final moisture content rate. On the other hand, the temperature of combustion chamber of the boiler has been measured under different conditions. It has been found that by increasing hot gas temperature, the drying rate is increased. Finally, it has been found that the drying of these residues increases their calorific values and reduces the emissions.• Junta de Extremadura. Ayuda para Awf Al-Kassir • Fondo Social Europeo. Ayuda • Junta de Extremadura y Fondos FEDER. Proyectos GR-18029 y GR-18086peerReviewe

From farm to commercialization: An integration strategy in Food Science and Technology

De la Granja a la Comercialización: Una experiencia de integración. Comunicación presentada en el III Congreso CyTA-Junior. Zaragoza. 20 de junio de 2022Integración de la Granja Docente de Veterinaria en las actividades prácticas del Grado en Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos; creación de una plataforma virtual como herramienta de coordinación de la producción-elaboración y comercialización de productos.Integration of the Veterinary Teaching Farm in the practical activities of the degree in Food Science and Technology; creating a virtual platform as a tool to coordinate the production, manufacture and marketing of food products.Fac. de VeterinariaFALSEsubmitte

Experiencias de Aprendizaje-Servicio en la UPM: 2021 y 2022

La Oficina de Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS) de la UPM, constituida en sesión del Consejo de Gobierno de diciembre de 2019 tiene, como misión fundamental, promover en el ámbito de las enseñanzas de esta universidad la metodología ApS. Con esta finalidad se vienen realizando convocatorias de proyectos de impacto social alineados con los ODS como un mecanismo más para la contribución a la Agenda 2030, y se colabora intensamente con las diversas oficinas constituidas con el mismo objetivo en otras universidades. Nuestra oficina pretende impulsar progresivamente la colaboración con entidades ajenas a la UPM, y atender demandas y necesidades sociales en las que nuestros estudiantes y profesores brinden sus conocimientos para la construcción de una mejor y más justa sociedad. Con este propósito, se han puesto en marcha numerosas iniciativas y colaboraciones con Ayuntamientos, Asociaciones, ONG, Fundaciones y centros de enseñanza, con el fin común de plantear mejoras y trabajar con entornos desfavorecidos, y colectivos vulnerables de nuestro entorno. Cabe destacar la muy positiva acogida que, progresivamente se está logrando, en lo relativo a la diseminación de estas iniciativas en el ámbito de la UPM, viéndose incrementada la participación e interés de nuestros docentes y estudiantes en los llamamientos que se realizan desde la oficina. Desde la constitución de la oficina, son ya más de 100 actividades desarrolladas con la participación de más de 500 profesores. Uno de los compromisos de la Oficina ApS de la UPM es dar visibilidad por su carácter meritorio a las experiencias realizadas por el profesorado y los estudiantes de nuestra universidad y, es por ello, que nos complace la presentación de esta primera edición del ebook, en el que se recogen algunas de las experiencias realizadas en nuestra universidad y que confiamos ampliar periódicamente con futuras ediciones. Nuestro más sincero agradecimiento a todos los profesores que habéis hecho posible esta primera publicación con vuestras contribuciones