Fake Fragments, Flexible Provenances : Eight Aramaic “Dead Sea Scrolls” from the 21st Century

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More Dubious Dead Sea Scrolls : Four Pre-2002 Fragments in the Schøyen Collection

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Gabriels åpenbaring (Hazon Gabriel) – en moderne forfalskning?

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Portland cement hydration in the vicinity of electrically polarized conductive surfaces

Hardening of Portland cement-based materials in vicinity of electrically conductive surfaces, especially when the surfaces are electrically or galvanically polarized, can lead to both morphological and chemical changes in cement close to the surfaces due to combined electrochemical and electrophysical processes. Cement hydration products close to graphite and steel surfaces being positively (anode) and negatively (cathode) electrically polarized (direct current) were studied. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy were used to compare structure and atomic composition of cement hydration products on cathode, anode and a reference surface with no electrical polarization. The application of direct current (DC) potential in aqueous Portland G cement dispersion significantly affects cement hydration products close to cathode and anode and different products were found at the anode compared to the cathode surfaces. At the graphite anode, calcium sulphate crystals along with calcium hydroxide were most abundant, while the graphite cathode was mainly covered with calcium hydroxide. The calcium hydroxide carbonated upon exposure to air during drying. When steel electrodes where used, the most significant adsorption occurred at the anode, in contrast to graphite where the largest amount of the adsorbed material was found on the cathode. The observed differences were explained in view of electrophysical (electrophoresis, electroosmosis) and electrochemical (reduction and oxidation) processes occurring at electrode surfaces upon application of DC current. The knowledge gained in this work is important for engineering of electrically conductive cement nano-composites where typically the contact surface of an electrically conductive filler and a cementitious matrix is high.publishedVersio

Amplified John? Kristologiske tekster i Johannesevangeliet og Bibelselskapets NT05-oversettelse

Author's version of an article published in the journal: Tidsskrift for teologi og kirke. Also available from the publisher at: http://www.idunn.no/ts/ttk/2011/02/art03The article argues that the latest translation of the New Testament (NT05) by the Norwegian Bible Society has a tendency to amplify several Christological texts in the Gospel of John. It consists of two parts: Part 1 discusses the translation of John 1:1–5, 1:14, 1:15 and 1:18, and offers a new general interpretation of the prologue. Part 2 treats the translation of ekserkjomai in Joh 8:42, 13:3, 16:27–30, and 17:8

Jesus fra Nikea? Tre merknader til Oskar Skarsaunes visdomskristologi

Author's version of an article in the journal: Teologisk tidsskrift. Also available from the publisher at: http://www.idunn.no/ts/tt/2014/03/jesus_fra_nikea_-_tre_merknader_til_oskar_skarsaunes_visdoThis article discusses three key aspects of the wisdom Christology of Oskar Skarsaune, as it is portrayed in his influential book Inkarnasjonen – myte eller faktum? (1988; Incarnation – myth or fact?, 1991): (1) The claim that Jesus through his “first-person speech” speaks with divine authority that makes an identification with the wisdom figure inevitable. (2) The emphasis that the messiah category is insufficient to describe the person of Jesus. (3) The emphasis that wisdom is begotten – and not created – in Jewish texts

Long term field study into the durability of silica fume concrete in a marine tidal zone

In 1983, samples of reinforced concrete made from a range of concrete mixtures containing varying amounts of CEM I and silica fume were placed in a marine tidal zone at Trondheim, Norway. Examination and testing of the samples occurred periodically during the initial 21.5 years of exposure. In 2014, after 31 years exposure, the field site closed and the samples examined for a final time. This paper presents the results of compressive strength, electrical resistivity and chloride ingress tests on cores taken from the 31-year-old samples. The durability performance of the silica fume mixtures was seen to be significantly better than the CEM I mixtures. The uniqueness of this research is being able to draw upon 31 years of empirical real-world data

On the global hydration kinetics of tricalcium silicate cement

We reconsider a number of measurements for the overall hydration kinetics of tricalcium silicate pastes having an initial water to cement weight ratio close to 0.5. We find that the time dependent ratio of hydrated and unhydrated silica mole numbers can be well characterized by two power-laws in time, $x/(1-x)\sim (t/t_x)^\psi$. For early times $t < t_x$ we find an `accelerated' hydration ($\psi = 5/2$) and for later times $t > t_x$ a `deaccelerated' behavior ($\psi = 1/2$). The crossover time is estimated as $t_x \approx 16 hours$. We interpret these results in terms of a global second order rate equation indicating that (a) hydrates catalyse the hydration process for $t<t_x$, (b) they inhibit further hydration for $t > t_x$ and (c) the value of the associated second order rate constant is of magnitude 6x10^{-7} - 7x10^{-6} liter mol^{-1} s^{-1}. We argue, by considering the hydration process actually being furnished as a diffusion limited precipitation that the exponents $\psi = 5/2$ and $\psi = 1/2$ directly indicate a preferentially `plate' like hydrate microstructure. This is essentially in agreement with experimental observations of cellular hydrate microstructures for this class of materials.Comment: RevTeX macros, 6 pages, 4 postscript figure

Effect of leaching on the composition of hydration phases during chloride exposure of mortar

Mortar specimens were exposed to either a 3% NaCl solution or a 3% NaCl+KOH solution for up to 180 days. Exposure to the NaCl solution provoked much more leaching than the NaCl+KOH exposure. Leaching strongly impacted the chloride ingress profiles. The extended leaching led to a maximum total chloride content almost three times higher and a deeper chloride penetration than exposure with limited leaching after 180 days. The higher maximum chloride content seems to be linked to the enhanced binding capacity of the C-S-H and AFm phases upon moderate leaching as determined by SEM-EDS. The total chloride profile appears to be governed by multi-ion transport and the interaction of chloride with the hydration phases. Service life prediction and performance testing both rely on total chloride profiles and therefore ought to take these interactions into account.publishedVersio

Alkali metal distribution in composite cement pastes and its relation to accelerated ASR tests

Accelerated testing of alkali silica reaction (ASR) in concrete at elevated temperatures of 38 and 60 °C has an unknown impact on the alkali metal distribution in the cement paste. This paper investigates how the alkali metals released from hydrating Portland cement, limestone, and SCMs distribute between non-reactive and unreacted phases, C-A-S-H, and the pore solution. The SCMs investigated were fly ash and a volcanic pozzolan. The hydrate assemblage and pore solution of cement pastes cured at 20, 38 and 60 °C were analysed and related to the expansion of concrete prisms. There is little difference in alkali metal distribution at 20 and 38 °C, whereas curing at 60 °C has a large impact for the SCM containing blends. At alkali metal concentrations in the pore solution below 0.5 mol/L (Na + K) expansion of concrete was suppressed. Pore solution analysis could be used to screen new SCMs for ASR mitigation.publishedVersio