Land Reform and Conflict in South Sudan: Evidence from Yei River County

Nach der Unabhängigkeit des Südsudan im Jahr 2011 wurde die Landreform zu einem wesentlichen Aspekt der Staatsbildung, teils um historisches Unrecht auszugleichen, teils aber auch, um künftige Konflikte um Land zu verhindern. Im Verlauf der Zeit wurde jedoch Land zum Ausgangspunkt für Konflikte, auch zwischen Gemeinden, in denen es keine Geschichte "ethnischer Konflikte" gab. Anhand zweier Fallstudien ländlicher Gebiete im Yei River County im Südsudan zeigen die Autoren, dass diese Konflikte vor allem aus Widersprüchen im bestehenden Rechtsrahmen für Land und Boden entstehen. Die Widersprüche selbst führen sie auf den Top-down-Ansatz der Staatsbildung zurück, der den gesellschaftlichen und ländlichen Wandel - ein Ergebnis von Kolonialismus und Bürgerkriegen - vielfach außer Acht lässt.Following South Sudanese independence in 2011, land reform became a major aspect of state building, partly to address historical injustices and partly to avoid future conflicts around land. In the process, land became a trigger for conflicts, sometimes between communities with no histories of "ethnic conflict." Drawing on cases in two rural areas in Yei River County in South Sudan, this paper shows that contradictions in the existing legal frameworks on land are mainly to blame for those conflicts. These contradictions are influenced, in turn, by the largely top-down approach to state building, which has tended to neglect changes in society and regarding land resulting from colonialism and civil wars

Exploring the spatial disparities in gambling risk and vulnerability

Gambling harm disrupts the health and wellbeing of the individuals, as well as families, communities and societies around them. Despite the growing recognition that gambling harms are socially and geographically uneven in its occurrence and impacts, there is limited empirical knowledge about the factors underlying the disparities. Here, w e quantitatively profile nationwide gambling survey using series of small area geodemographic data. Results from this granular analysis are synthesized to devise a composite indicator of gambling risk and vulnerability that can be mapped to provide new insights into public health strategies to tackling gambling harms in a more effective manner

Geography, ethnicity, genealogy and inter‐generational social inequality in Great Britain

This paper documents population-wide inequalities of outcome in Great Britain amongst and between long-established and more recently arrived family groups. ‘Establishment’ is defined using family group presence in the 1851 Census of Population as a benchmark, and the ethnicity or nationality of more recent migrants is determined through classification of given and family names. Inequalities of outcome are measured using a harmonised indicator of neighbourhood deprivation (hardship). White British individuals tend to live in the best neighbourhoods, but within-group inequalities reflect regional locations in which different family names were first coined 700 or more years ago. The living circumstances of White Irish and Chinese migrants are observed to be in line with long-established White British family lines, but other conventionally defined ethnic groups fare worse, some very markedly so. Disaggregation of conventional ethnic groups used by the Office for National Statistics such as White Other and Other Asian reveals stark within-group inequalities. These findings suggest: (a) regional origins of inter-generational inequalities amongst the White British; (b) comparable neighbourhood environments experienced by the White Irish, Chinese and some White Other groups and (c) significantly worse neighbourhood circumstances within and between other more recently arrived immigrant groups. This work has several implications for understanding economic assimilation of migrants and the existence of inequalities amongst and between populations

Land reform and conflict in South Sudan : evidence from Yei River Country

Following South Sudanese independence in 2011, land reform became a major aspect of state building, partly to address historical injustices and partly to avoid future conflicts around land. In the process,land became a trigger for conflicts, sometimes between communities with no histories of “ethnic conflict.” Drawing on cases in two rural areas in Yei River County in South Sudan, this paper shows that contradictions in the existing legal frameworks on land are mainly to blame for those conflicts.These contradictions are influenced, in turn, by the largely top-down approach to state building, which has tended to neglect changes in society and regarding land resulting from colonialism and civil wars.Constellations of governanc

Linked Consumer Registers as data infrastructure for timely and inclusive monitoring of community characteristics

We review creation and maintenance of nationwide individual level Linked Consumer Registers as DigitalFootprints Data and their use to create timely, inclusive annual neighbourhood scale research ready datasets of social and spatial mobility. Outputs include annual estimates of neighbourhood churn, neighbourhood deprivation following moves, energy usage and ‘housing career’ measures. Individual level names and addresses are harvested from public Electoral Registers and consumer sources from 1997-2023. A novel ‘migration model’ is developed to georeference records and link them across years. The provenance of data and methods are documented in metadata to accompany derivative research ready data extracts pertaining to residential mobility occurrences and outcomes. Novel methods are developed to reveal the probable gender, ethnicity and age characteristics of all households. Data are then linked to property level Zoopla rental listings, Land Registry/Registers of Scotland transactions and energy performance statistics to link household characteristics to properties occupied before and after moves. Results provide annual nationwide updates of neighbourhood household structure, ethnicity and demography that, subject to disclosure controls, can be honed to any convenient geography. They are validated against decennial census statistics and compared with midyear population estimates. Linkage to external datasets enables further external validation of methods used to infer moves and plug known omissions in the registers. Application of individual level demographic models makes it possible to model household structure and individual ethnic, age and gender characteristics. Summary linked and annually updated research ready datasets pertaining to neighbourhood residential churn, ethnicity, distances of residential moves housing careers and domestic energy usage are then produced. The research is an ambitious linkage of individual and property level consumer and administrative datasets. Individual level linkage and modelling provides analytical flexibility in research ready data creation, and data linkage can be expedited for any period for which name and address data are available

Linkage of historical GB Census data to present day population registers.

Objectives This research links, for the first time, individual level entire GB population census data for 1851-1911 to present day individual level population registers. Precise georeferencing of individual records using AddressBase Premium and further linkage to Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMDs) enables family group analysis of inter-generational social mobility outcomes. Approach Present-day individual names and addresses taken from Electoral Registers and consumer data are georeferenced and linked to IMD data using AddressBase. This enables calculation of average IMD scores for every family group (surname). Individual level names and addresses from 1851-1911 censuses are assigned to harmonised historical parishes. The present day surname IMD scores are attributed to every resident in the historical censuses. Parish average ‘future IMD’ scores are calculated to show which areas have bequeathed the highest and lowest IMD scores on their residents’ descendants. This is a measure of how ‘north – south divides’ shape inter-generational social mobility. Results A linked data website, apps.cdrc.ac.uk/gbnames, profiles social mobility outcomes for 13,000+ family names, according to average neighbourhood quality experienced by family name bearers. There are clear and enduring regional divides in “future deprivation” inherited from ancestors by the present-day GB population. The research traces the origins of a north-south divide in England. Family roots in northern industrial cities are associated with unfavourable outcomes today. In Scotland, an east-west divide identifies eastern areas sharing similarly high levels of hardship to nineteenth-century industrial cities such as Liverpool and Manchester. Migration partially mitigates these inequalities, but most family groups remain concentrated in their ancestral heartlands, and continue to experience the long-term disadvantages bestowed by geographical location. Conclusion Surnames provide an under-exploited way of linking precisely georeferenced geographies of entire historical populations to their descendants today. Additional linkage to areal deprivation measures makes it possible to evaluate how social and spatial inequalities both endure and are promulgated through the generations. Geography is destiny for much of the population

Global analysis of seasonal streamflow predictability using an ensemble prediction system and observations from 6192 small catchments worldwide

Key Points Global bimonthly streamflow forecasts show potentially valuable skill Initial catchment conditions are responsible for most skill Skill can be estimated from model performance and theoretical skill Ideally, a seasonal streamflow forecasting sy

Performance of a cognitive load inventory during simulated handoffs: Evidence for validity.

BackgroundAdvancing patient safety during handoffs remains a public health priority. The application of cognitive load theory offers promise, but is currently limited by the inability to measure cognitive load types.ObjectiveTo develop and collect validity evidence for a revised self-report inventory that measures cognitive load types during a handoff.MethodsBased on prior published work, input from experts in cognitive load theory and handoffs, and a think-aloud exercise with residents, a revised Cognitive Load Inventory for Handoffs was developed. The Cognitive Load Inventory for Handoffs has items for intrinsic, extraneous, and germane load. Students who were second- and sixth-year students recruited from a Dutch medical school participated in four simulated handoffs (two simple and two complex cases). At the end of each handoff, study participants completed the Cognitive Load Inventory for Handoffs, Paas' Cognitive Load Scale, and one global rating item for intrinsic load, extraneous load, and germane load, respectively. Factor and correlational analyses were performed to collect evidence for validity.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis yielded a single factor that combined intrinsic and germane loads. The extraneous load items performed poorly and were removed from the model. The score from the combined intrinsic and germane load items associated, as predicted by cognitive load theory, with a commonly used measure of overall cognitive load (Pearson's r = 0.83, p < 0.001), case complexity (beta = 0.74, p < 0.001), level of experience (beta = -0.96, p < 0.001), and handoff accuracy (r = -0.34, p < 0.001).ConclusionThese results offer encouragement that intrinsic load during handoffs may be measured via a self-report measure. Additional work is required to develop an adequate measure of extraneous load

La réforme post-conflit de la gouvernance foncière dans la région des Grands Lacs en Afrique. Partie II - Remaniement foncier en faveur du

Constellations of governanc