Доминирующие типы корпоративной культуры

There are four types of corporate culture today - innovative, snobbish, traditional and forced. The article is devoted to the analysis of snobbish and traditional corporate cultures as the most wide-spread.На сегодняшний день существует четыре типа корпоративной культуры - инновационный, снобистский, традиционный и вынужденный. Статья посвящена анализу наиболее распространенных типов корпоративной культуры - снобистского и традиционного

Overfishing of top predators eroded the resilience of the Black Sea system regardless of the climate and anthropogenic conditions

It is well known that human activities, such as harvesting, have had major direct effects on marine ecosystems. However, it is far less acknowledged that human activities in the surroundings might have important effects on marine systems. There is growing evidence suggesting that major reorganization (i.e., a regime shift) is a common feature in the temporal evolution of a marine system. Here we show, and quantify, the interaction of human activities (nutrient upload) with a favourable climate (run-off) and its contribution to the eutrophication of the Black Sea in the 1980s. Based on virtual analysis of the bottom-up (eutrophication) vs. top-down (trophic cascades) effects, we found that an earlier onset of eutrophication could have counteracted the restructuring of the trophic regulation at the base of the food web that resulted from the depletion of top predators in the 1970s. These enhanced bottom-up effects would, however, not propagate upwards in the food web beyond the zooplankton level. Our simulations identified the removal of apex predators as a key element in terms of loss of resilience that inevitably leads to a reorganization. Once the food web has been truncated, the type and magnitude of interventions on the group replacing the apex predator as the new upper trophic level have no effect in preventing the trophic cascade. By characterizing the tipping point at which increased bottom-up forcing exactly counteracts the top-down cascading effects, our results emphasize the importance of a comprehensive analysis that take into account all structuring forces at play (including those beyond the marine system) at a given time.EUR-OCEANS Integration Project 2007; Marie Curie Intra-European fellowship [FP6-2005-Mobility-5]; Marie Curie European Reintegration Grant [FP7-People- 2009-RG]; EU WETLANET, KNOWSEAS, and MEECE, UK NERC QUEST; US National Science Foundation (DMS-0935617

The epidemiology of the chronic kidney disease in children of the Sverdlovsk region

This article is devoted to the study of the structure of chronic kidney disease incidence in children admitted to the nephrology department of the State Autonomous Healthcare Institution of the Sverdlovsk Region "Regional Children's Clinical Hospital" (GAUZ SO ODKB) for the period 2018-2019 years. The data about the epidemiology of the disease, its major etiological factors, disease stage, presence of complications and associated diseases.Данная статья посвящена исследованиюструктуры заболеваемости хронической болезни почек у детей, госпитализированных в нефрологическое отделение государственное автономное учреждение здравоохранения свердловской области "Областнаядетскаяклиническаябольница" (ГАУЗ СО ОДКБ) за период 2018-2019 годов. Приведены данные об эпидемиологии заболевания, его основных этиологических факторах, стадий болезни, наличия осложнений и сопутствующих заболеваний

Creatine Protects against Excitoxicity in an In Vitro Model of Neurodegeneration

Creatine has been shown to be neuroprotective in aging, neurodegenerative conditions and brain injury. As a common molecular background, oxidative stress and disturbed cellular energy homeostasis are key aspects in these conditions. Moreover, in a recent report we could demonstrate a life-enhancing and health-promoting potential of creatine in rodents, mainly due to its neuroprotective action. In order to investigate the underlying pharmacology mediating these mainly neuroprotective properties of creatine, cultured primary embryonal hippocampal and cortical cells were challenged with glutamate or H2O2. In good agreement with our in vivo data, creatine mediated a direct effect on the bioenergetic balance, leading to an enhanced cellular energy charge, thereby acting as a neuroprotectant. Moreover, creatine effectively antagonized the H2O2-induced ATP depletion and the excitotoxic response towards glutamate, while not directly acting as an antioxidant. Additionally, creatine mediated a direct inhibitory action on the NMDA receptor-mediated calcium response, which initiates the excitotoxic cascade. Even excessive concentrations of creatine had no neurotoxic effects, so that high-dose creatine supplementation as a health-promoting agent in specific pathological situations or as a primary prophylactic compound in risk populations seems feasible. In conclusion, we were able to demonstrate that the protective potential of creatine was primarily mediated by its impact on cellular energy metabolism and NMDA receptor function, along with reduced glutamate spillover, oxidative stress and subsequent excitotoxicity

Dominant types of corporative structure

There are four types of corporate culture today - innovative, snobbish, traditional and forced. The article is devoted to the analysis of snobbish and traditional corporate cultures as the most wide-spread

Comparative assessment of hepatoprotective effects of various liposome formulations in experimental venous congestion-induced chronic liver insufficiency

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of lecithin/cholesterol liposomes in the therapy of experimental venous congestion-induced chronic liver insufficiency. The effects of the empty liposomes, ATP and phosphocreatine-containing liposomes and alpha-tocopherol and superoxide dismutase-containing liposomes were studied. It was found that liposomal drugs have a hepatoprotective effect, i.e. they decrease blood enzyme activity (cytolysis markers), reduce oxidative stress and preserve histologic integrity of the liver

Regulatory and legal status of clinical guidelines and their role in the quality control of medical care in countries of the European Union, North America and Asia

Introduction. In 2016-2018, the approaches to the development and use of clinical guidelines in the Russian Federation underwent substantial changes. As part of this work, legal aspects of clinical guidelines were modified. The present review, conducted on behalf of the Ministry of Health, is aimed to analyze the international experience regarding the clinical guidelines standards and identify possible obstacles and risks for their implementation.Materials and methods. We reviewed documents and publications related to the development and implementation of clinical guidelines in 2016-2017 in 12 countries from Europe, Asia and North America known for their well established health care systems. The search for publications has been conducted with the help of the PubMed bibliographic database and the Google search engine, using the following requests: «clinical practice guidelines legal status», «clinical practice guidelines + name of the country». The results were updated to 2019.Results. In most of the 12 countries, the clinical guideline development process is coordinated at the national level. However, the implementation of these guidelines by medical professionals is not mandatory, although it is often supported by the regulations of the national health system.Conclusion. The development and implementation of clinical guidelines in the Russian Federation is consistent with the international experience: the development of clinical guidelines is coordinated at the federal level in agreement with the principles of evidence-based medicine; the implementation of guidelines are not mandatory, however, medical organizations and health professionals are expected to provide the medical care by considering the clinical guidelines, approved by the Scientific and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health