Concentration and Size Distribution of Particulate Matter in a Broiler House Ambient Air

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is an important constituent of ambient air. The determination of its concentration and size distribution in different environments is essential because of its ability to penetrate deeply into animal and human respiratory tract. In this study, air sampling was performed in a broiler house to estimate the concentration and size distribution of PM emitted along with its activities. Low-vol impactor (< 10 mm), cyclones (< 2.5 e < 1.0 mm), and Sioutas cascade impactor (> 2.5; 1.0 – 2.5; 0.50 – 1.0; 0.25 – 0.50; < 0.25 mm) connected with membrane pumps were used. PM10 showed high concentration (209 - 533 mg m-3). PM2.5 and PM1.0 initially showed relatively low concentration (20.8 and 16.0 mg m-3 respectively) with significantly increasing levels (412.9 and 344.8 mg m-3 respectively) during the samplings. It was also possible to observe the contribution of fine particles. This was evidenced by the high correlation between PM2.5 and PM1.0 and by the profile of particle distribution in the Sioutas sampler. PM concentration levels are considered excessively high, with great potential to affect animal and human health. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v8i3.84

Direito e moral em Haberrnas: uma leitura a partir da concepção do Estado democrático de direito

The present work consist on discussing about the set of works of the second phase of Jurgen Habermas in relation to one of the aspects of his political philosophy, emphasizing the relationship between law and morality in the design of the democratic rule of law. Since, for Habermas there cannot be confusion between the spheres of morality and law, under penalty of establishing an irrationality of the system on the whole. And this means that you cannot exacerbate or to an absolute technicality, and not to a superposition about the complete form of values as to the philosopher, the moral and the right should complement it by a political rationale of the Democracy exercise. Thus, a reflection on the rehabilitation of practical philosophy will be possible for the resolution of the existing conflict regarding the inclusion of the subject in democratic states, multiculturalism and religion. Thus, these dilemmas added to the various problems that come in the discussions of modern states, this dissertation attempts to answer how is the complementation of law and morality in the design of the democratic rule of law? And as the legitimation of law in democracy it is possible.O presente trabalho trata de um conjunto de obras da segunda fase de Jurgen Habermas em relação a um dos aspectos da sua filosofia política, destacando as relações existentes entre o direito e a moral na concepção do Estado democrático de direito. Para Habermas, não se pode ter confusões entre as esferas da moral e do direito sob a pena de se estabelecer uma irracionalidade do sistema no todo. E isso quer dizer que não se pode exacerbar nem para um tecnicismo absoluto, nem para uma superposição acerca dos valores de forma completa, pois, para o filósofo, a moral e o direito devem se complementar, e isso se dá por meio de uma fundamentação política do exercício da democracia. Desse modo, será possível uma reflexão sobre a reabilitação da filosofia prática, para soluções de conflitos existentes em relação à inserção dos sujeitos nos Estados democráticos, o multiculturalismo e a religião. Esses dilemas, somados aos vários problemas que entram nas discussões dos Estados modernos, trazem à tona os seguintes questionamentos: como se dá a complementação do direito e da moral na concepção do Estado democrático de direito? E como é possível a legitimação do direito na democracia

CONFLITO ENTRE O PRINCÍPIO DA DIGNIDADE DA PESSOA HUMANA VERSUS PRINCÍPIO DA EXISTÊNCIA DO PRÉ-CUSTEIO DA SEGURIDADE SOCIAL: UMA ANÁLISE DE TERCEIRIZADOS ANÁLOGOS SOB A “FÓRMULA PESO” DE ROBERT ALEXY

 O presente artigo visa abordar um caso prático onde idosos terceirizados rurais em situação análogas ao trabalho escravo são resgatados, o desafio maior é como um juiz a quo deveria aplicar a fórmula peso do Robert Alexy, filósofo alemão, pai da Teoria dos Direitos Fundamentais. Há um eminente confronto entre dois princípios basilares, de um lado a dignidade da pessoa humana, do outro, pré-custeio, sustento fundamental da nossa Seguridade Social, contudo, um deles deve ser afastado e o outro aplicado em sua totalidade, sem um prejudicar o outro

Comparison of rural and urban atmospheric aldehydes in Londrina, Brazil

Ambiental levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were measured at three sites in the city of Londrina: at the central bus station, downtown (night and day profiles) and in a rural area, during the summer and winter seasons of 2002. Atmospheric aldehydes were collected using C18 Sep-Pak cartridges coated with 2,4-DNPH and analyzed by HPLC-DAD. At the central bus station, the measured mixing atios for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde ranged, respectively, from 6.17 to 10.43 ppbv and from 0.49 to 2.12 ppbv. Downtown, during the summer, formaldehyde levels ranged from 2.07 to 5.65 ppbv, and acetaldehyde levels ranged from 1.05 to 5.06 ppbv. During the winter, the daytime concentrations for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were higher than nighttime levels. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde mixing ratios ranged from 3.24 to 9.46 ppbv and from 2.81 to 10.83 ppbv, respectively. At the rural site, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde mixing ratios ranged from 0.64 to 1.41 ppbv and from 0.10 to 0.87 ppbv, respectively. The acetaldehyde/formaldehyde ratios were compared with values from other Brazilian cities

APPLICATION OF PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS IN THE STUDY OF TASKS WITH DIFFERENT MECHANICAL CONSTRAINTS

This study aims to compare the lower limb kinematics between two landing tasks, using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and parametric techniques. Ten male volleyball athletes performed bilateral vertical jumps with single leg or double leg landings. Hip, knee and ankle kinematics were used in the analysis. Statistical analysis was performed in the principal components coefficients (PCC) retained in the PCA and in the parametric variables. Only the first PCC presented differences in the three joints. The minimum peak showed differences in the ankle and knee, the maximum peak was different in the knee and hip and the mean angular displacement showed differences in the three joints. PCA described the differences presented by the parametric variables allowing the identification of the location where the variance between the landing tasks could be better explained

A utilização do software geogebra para a aprendizagem da função exponencial / The use of the geogebra software for learning of the exponential function

Este estudo deu ênfase a tendência da Informática e da Educação Matemática, a qual destaca a utilização de recursos tecnológicos como uma alternativa auxiliar ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Matemática. Teve como finalidade verificar se os alunos compreendem alguns conceitos sobre a função exponencial por meio da construção e análise de gráficos, com o auxílio do software GeoGebra. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo de natureza qualiquantitativa, com uma turma do 1º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública de Petrolina-PE. O estudo em questão realizou-se por meio da análise de dois questionários destinados aos estudantes, a fim de averiguar seus conhecimentos prévios e posteriores, respectivamente, e por meio da observação participante durante a vivência da atividade de intervenção. Para o desenvolvimento da atividade de intervenção, elaborou-se previamente uma sequência didática, e após a sua aplicação, constatou-se que a utilização do GeoGebra, tornou os estudantes mais participativos, e, analisou-se com base no software SPSS 23.0 que o desenvolvimento dos estudantes após as manipulações com o GeoGebra, apresentou resultados significativos. Assim, concluiu-se que a utilização do software GeoGebra, a partir dos objetivos previamente estabelecidos, constituiu-se em uma excelente alternativa para facilitar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem da função exponencial.

Concentration and Size Distribution of Particulate Matter in a Broiler House Ambient Air

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is an important constituent of ambient air. The determination of its concentration and size distribution in different environments is essential because of its ability to penetrate deeply into animal and human respiratory tract. In this study, air sampling was performed in a broiler house to estimate the concentration and size distribution of PM emitted along with its activities. Low-vol impactor ( 2.5; 1.0 – 2.5; 0.50 – 1.0; 0.25 – 0.50; < 0.25 mm) connected with membrane pumps were used. PM10 showed high concentration (209 - 533 mg m-3). PM2.5 and PM1.0 initially showed relatively low concentration (20.8 and 16.0 mg m-3 respectively) with significantly increasing levels (412.9 and 344.8 mg m-3 respectively) during the samplings. It was also possible to observe the contribution of fine particles. This was evidenced by the high correlation between PM2.5 and PM1.0 and by the profile of particle distribution in the Sioutas sampler. PM concentration levels are considered excessively high, with great potential to affect animal and human health. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v8i3.84

ELECTROMYOGRAPHY OF TRUNK MUSCLES IN TIME-FREQUENCY DOMAIN DURING CORE STABILITY EXERCISES

The aim of this work was to compare the electromyogram (EMG) of trunk muscles, in the time-frequency domain, among core exercises. The EMG of 17 men was recorded by electrodes placed on external oblique (EO), rectus abdominis (RA), lumbar erector spinae (LES) and multifidus (MT) muscles. Short-time Fourier transform was performed and instantaneous median frequency (MedFreq) was calculated and averaged. MedFreq of the EO and RA were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) during double leg back bridge exercise. Contrarily, LES and MT showed significant higher (p < 0.0001) MedFreq during frontal and left side bridge. Antagonist muscles showed greater MedFreq than agonist muscles. This may be explained by the low-pass filtering effect of the adipose tissue, which could attenuate the increase of high frequencies EMG energy of agonist muscles

HPA e Nitro-HPA em Ambiente Semifechado Impactado por Emissão da Combustão de Diesel/Biodiesel (B5)

In order to verify the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAH (NPAH) associated with the fine fraction of particulate matter (PM1.0 and PM2.5) from the combustion of diesel/biodiesel mixture (B5), daily samples were carried out in the urban bus station of Londrina. A high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS) was used for the determination of nitro-PAH and the PAHs were determined by high performance liquid chromatography equipped with fluorescence detector (LC-FLD). 9 PAHs and 1-nitropyrene were determined. The concentrations of the PAHs with 4 to 6 rings (fluoranthene, pyrene, crysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene and dibenzo(a,h)antharacene) were higher in comparison to the lighter PAHs (acenaphthene, fluorene and anthracene). The ∑PAH associated to the PM1.0 corresponded to 66% of the PM2.5 with concentrations that exceed the levels recommended by WHO. The diagnostic ratios (DR) of PAHs and NPAH were calculated and the results suggest diesel/biodiesel (B5) emissions. The use of biofuel in Brazil is encouraged and the monitoring of changes in emissions arising from combustion processes is important and necessary to follow the change of air quality and the impact on the environment. &nbsp;DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v7i3.73