Kits19TumorSegmentation with VNet

we design the deep learning network Vnet for segmentation tumor and kidney.Fist, preprocess the kidney and kidney tumor data,second, segmentating kidney progress split into two steps: Corse segmentation and fine segmentation.third,segmentation kidney tumor process split into two steps: 2d segmentation and 3d segmentatio

Empirical Research on the Impact of Personalized Recommendation Diversity

Personalized recommendation has important implications in raising online shopping efficiency and increasing product sales. There has been wide interest in finding ways to provide more efficient personalized recommendations. Most existing studies focus on how to improve the accuracy of the recommendation algorithms, or are more concerned on ways to increase consumer satisfaction. Unlike these studies, our study focuses on the process of decision-making, using long tail theory as a basis, to reveal the mechanisms involved in consumers’ adoption of recommendations. This paper analyzes the effect of personalized recommendations from two angles: product sales and ratings, and tries to point out differences in consumer preferences between mainstream products and niche products, high rating products and low rating products, search products and experience products. The study verifies that consumers demand diversity in the recommended content, and also provides suggestions on how to better plan and operate a personalized recommendation system

Shareable Driving Style Learning and Analysis with a Hierarchical Latent Model

Driving style is usually used to characterize driving behavior for a driver or a group of drivers. However, it remains unclear how one individual's driving style shares certain common grounds with other drivers. Our insight is that driving behavior is a sequence of responses to the weighted mixture of latent driving styles that are shareable within and between individuals. To this end, this paper develops a hierarchical latent model to learn the relationship between driving behavior and driving styles. We first propose a fragment-based approach to represent complex sequential driving behavior, allowing for sufficiently representing driving behavior in a low-dimension feature space. Then, we provide an analytical formulation for the interaction of driving behavior and shareable driving style with a hierarchical latent model by introducing the mechanism of Dirichlet allocation. Our developed model is finally validated and verified with 100 drivers in naturalistic driving settings with urban and highways. Experimental results reveal that individuals share driving styles within and between them. We also analyzed the influence of personalities (e.g., age, gender, and driving experience) on driving styles and found that a naturally aggressive driver would not always keep driving aggressively (i.e., could behave calmly sometimes) but with a higher proportion of aggressiveness than other types of drivers

Research on Shifting Control Method of Positive Independent Mechanical Split Path Transmission for the Starting Gear

To realize a smooth and quick shift of the positive independent mechanical split path transmission (PIMSPT) equipped with automatic shifting control system (ASCS), the research on the feasibility of improving shift quality by dynamic and cooperative controlling engine, steering clutches, and brakes has been conducted. The shifting control method suited to starting gear of PIMSPT has been proposed. The control method is based on control parameters, such as the driving shaft speed and its derivative. The control laws of steering clutches and brakes are presented during each gear and stage of shifting. Bench and road test results show that the proposed shifting control method can not only shorten the shift time, but also decrease the jerk of shifting effectively

Modeling and Recognizing Driver Behavior Based on Driving Data: A Survey

In recent years, modeling and recognizing driver behavior have become crucial to understanding intelligence transport systems, human-vehicle systems, and intelligent vehicle systems. A wide range of both mathematical identification methods and modeling methods of driver behavior are presented from the control point of view in this paper based on the driving data, such as the brake/throttle pedal position and the steering wheel angle, among others. Subsequently, the driver’s characteristics derived from the driver model are embedded into the advanced driver assistance systems, and the evaluation and verification of vehicle systems based on the driver model are described

Short communication: QTL mapping for ear tip-barrenness in maize

Barren tip on corn ear is an important agronomic trait in maize, which is highly associated with grain yield. Understanding the genetic basis of tip-barrenness may help to reduce the ear tip-barrenness in breeding programs. In this study, ear tip-barrenness was evaluated in two environments in a F2:3 population, and it showed significant genotypic variation for ear tip-barrenness in both environments. Using mixed-model composite interval mapping method, three additive effects quantitative trait loci (QTL) for ear tip-barrenness were mapped on chromosomes 2, 3 and 6, respectively. They explained 16.6% of the phenotypic variation, and no significant QTL × Environment interactions and digenic interactions were detected. The results indicated that additive effect was the main genetic basis for ear tip-barrenness in maize. This is the first report of QTL mapped for ear tip-barrenness in maize

Host galaxy properties of changing-look AGNs revealed in the MaNGA survey

Changing-look active galactic nuclei (CL-AGNs) are a subset of AGNs in which the broad Balmer emission lines appear or disappear within a few years. We use the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey to identify five CL-AGNs. The 2D photometric and kinematic maps reveal common features as well as some unusual properties of CL-AGN hosts as compared to the AGN hosts in general. All MaNGA CL-AGNs reside in the star-forming main sequence, similar to MaNGA non-changing-look AGNs (NCL-AGNs). The 80 ± 16 per cent of our CL-AGNs do possess pseudo-bulge features, and follow the overall NCL-AGN MBH–σ∗ relationship. The kinematic measurements indicate that they have similar distributions in the plane of angular momentum versus galaxy ellipticity. MaNGA CL-AGNs, however, show a higher, but not statistically significant (20 ± 16 per cent) fraction of counter-rotating features compared to that (1.84 ± 0.61 per cent) in general star formation population. In addition, MaNGA CL-AGNs favour more face-on (axial ratio > 0.7) than that of type I NCL-AGNs. These results suggest that host galaxies could play a role in the CL-AGN phenomenon

Status of Aqua MODIS Instrument On-Orbit Operation and Calibration

The Aqua MOderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) has successfully operated for nearly a decade, since its launch in May 2002. MODIS was developed and designed with improvements over its heritage sensors in terms of its overall spectral, spatial, and temporal characteristics, and with more stringent calibration requirements. MODIS carries a set of on-board calibrators that can be used to track and monitor its on-orbit radiometric, spectral, and spatial performance. Since launch, extensive instrument calibration and characterization activities have been scheduled and executed by the MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST). These efforts are made to assure the quality of instrument calibration and L 1B data products, as well as support all science disciplines (land, ocean, and atmospheric) for continuous improvements of science data product quality. MODIS observations from both Terra and Aqua have significantly contributed to the science and user community over a wide range of research activities and applications. This paper provides an overview of Aqua MODIS on-orbit operation and calibration activities, instrument health status, and on-board calibrators (OBC) performance. On-orbit changes of key sensor parameters, such as spectral band radiometric responses, center wavelengths, and bandwidth, are illustrated and compared with those derived from its predecessor, Terra MODIS. Lessons and challenges identified from Aqua MODIS performance are also discussed in this paper. These lessons are not only critical to future improvements of Aqua MODIS on-orbit operation and calibration but also beneficial to its follow-on instrument, the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) to be launched on NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) spacecraft

OR-030 Influences of Four Weeks Intermittent Hypoxic Training on Aerobic Ability of High-Level Race Walking Athletes

Objective Altitude training is an important training method for endurance athletes to improve aerobic capacity. Endurance athletes take advantage of the dual stimulation of hypoxia in the altitude environment and hypoxic during training to improve their exercise capacity and physiological function. However, due to the high stimulation of altitude training, the difficulty of recovery and other characteristics, and with the appearance of hypoxic installation, a series of new training methods have been developed.  The advantage of IHT is that it can be combined with routine training, and the training altitude and training plan can be adjusted according to the actual situation. Studies in recent years have shown that IHT has some advantages in achieving better athletic performance: (1) IHT can prevent athletes from having sleep disorders and dehydration, which are typical symptoms of prolonged exposure to high altitude environments; (2) The recovery after IHT training is performed under normoxic conditions, which can prevent the athletes from the harmful effects of prolonged hypoxia, and shorten the recovery time after training; and (3) the time spent apart from training under hypoxic conditions may be used for normal training activity.  The study intended to develop a appropriate four-week IHT plan, which would be integrated into the training of five high-level race walking athletes in the winter training and with the plain training period, full attention to the combination of special training，hoping to achieve better training effect. At the same time, through the test of aerobic capacity-related indicators, explored the influences of four-weeks IHT on specific ability of high-level race walking athletes. This study will be of great significance to guide the race walking training in the future. Methods Five high-level male race walking athletes(20.6±2.5 y,175±7.7 cm,57.4±9.1 kg) provided informed consent to participate in this study. They would be conducted to four weeks of routine training and four weeks of IHT training. IHT was performed for four weeks, three times a week, about three hours each, in a hypoxic laboratory at an altitude of 2500 m and an oxygen concentration of about 15.3%. Each week, athletes would  do aerobic walk training (10 km~15 km,85%AT), intermittent walking training (2 km*5~2 km*6,90-100%AT) and special endurance walking training (16 km~20 km,80%AT). The training programs for routine training and hypoxic training were all consistent. Blood test and treadmill incremental load test were performed before and after the two trainings. In the blood test, the functional indexes such as RBC, Hb, Hct, CK and BU were recorded. In the incremental load test of treadmill, the initial speed was 9 km/h, added 1 km/h every 3 minutes, and HR, BLA, VO2were recorded indicators of aerobic capacity. During the routine and hypoxic training, the athletes wore heart rate monitors and oxygen saturation meters throughout the course of training and recorded the heart rates and oxygen saturations before and after training.  Statistical analyses were undertaken using the SPSS software (Version 20). All test results were presented as mean ± SD, and the mean of relevant indicators before and after hypoxic training were analyzed using the paired sample T-test, as p <0.05, with significant difference, as p <0.01, with significant significance differences. Results There was no significant difference in blood lactate and maximal oxygen uptake in post-routine training compared with pre-routine training, and heart rate was significantly different (p<0.01); post-IHT compared to pre-IHT, there was a significant difference in the heart rate and oxygen uptake (P<0.05), but the difference in blood lactate was not significant (P>0.05). Before and after the two trainings, there were no significant differences in blood parameters such as CK, BU, RBC, Hb, and Ferri (P>0.05). After routine training, the maximum speed increased from 13.2±0.64km/h to 13.4±0.55km/h, and the maximum heart rate of anaerobic threshold decreased from 194.7±10.17 beats/min to 188.6±12.18 beats/min. During the intermittent hypoxia training, the oxygen saturation in the quiet state and after training gradually increased. Among them, the maximum heart rate of anaerobic threshold decreased from 188.6±12.18 beats/min to 182.8±8.35 beats/min, and the maximum walking speed increased from 13.4±0.55 km/h to 13.8±1.1 km/h. After intermittent hypoxia training, HRAT and %HRmaxincreased, while HRmaxdecreased. The increase in HRAT and %HRmaxindicated that the proportion of aerobic energy supply had increased in incremental loads. The decrease in HRmaxindicated that the athletes' heart and lung function had improved after training. VO2maxis one of the major determinants of endurance exercise capacity. It reflects the ability of the body to ingest, transport and utilize oxygen. It is a good index for evaluating cardiopulmonary function and aerobic endurance of athletes. The anaerobic threshold（AT）refers to the body in the process of incremental loads, means the critical point from the aerobic energy supply to anaerobic energy supply. Evaluation of the body's aerobic capacity is not only dependent on VO2max, but also closely related to AT. VO2maxmainly reflects the cardiopulmonary function and skeletal muscle metabolism, while AT can reflect the utilization of VO2maxwhen lactic acid begins to accumulate, which can reflect the utilization of oxygen by skeletal muscle. Zhang compared the anaerobic threshold ventilation and heart rate anaerobic threshold, pointed out that the test condition of the ventilation anaerobic threshold is demanding, it is difficult to achieve in general, and use of heart rate monitoring training is simple and easy to operate. Ham's Study also pointed out that lactic acid anaerobic threshold requires blood, ventilation anaerobic threshold requires expensive equipment and manpower, and heart rate anaerobic threshold to estimate anaerobic threshold is more appropriate. The point at which heart rate begins to increase non-linearly is usually called the anaerobic threshold heart rate (HRAT). In this experiment, the results of HRAT, anaerobic thresholds / maximum heart rate (% HRmax) were analyzed. After hypoxic training, HRAT% HRmaxincreased, while HRmaxdecreased. Increases in HRAT and % HRmax, indicated that there is an increase in the proportion of aerobic energy supplied during incremental loads. The drop in HRmaxindicated that athletes improved cardiorespiratory fitness after training. After four weeks of routine and hypoxic training, RBC, Hb, Hct decreased. Wilber mentioned in his article, there was no relevant research that RBC production-related transferrin receptor, RBC volume, Hct quality had increased. Park conducted a meta-analysis of eight sports of elite athletes and found that hypoxic training for more than three weeks, three times per week, and one hour each can improve blood oxygen delivery and aerobic capacity, reflected in RBC, Hb and other related indicators. Levine’ related studies have shown that hypoxic training exercise performance improvement is not the role of hematological mechanisms, but the skeletal muscle mitochondria, capillary fiber ratio, the changes in fiber cross-sectional area. The reason for this may be related to the duration of hypoxic exposure in the experimental protocol and the training intensity stimulating RBC production had not been reached or the body was still in an adaptive state. Increasing the duration of hypoxic exposure may result in an increase in RBC levels. In addition, because of individual differences, each athlete has his/her own range of the best parameters of blood cells, even if the relevant indicators are not high, but can complete the corresponding training plans. Besides of individual differences, it is also possible to reduce blood cell parameters during periods of intensive training due to excessive body exhaustion, as long as proper adjustment is made before the competition, a athlete can still be in the best condition.  Conclusions After 4 weeks of IHT, the heart rate anaerobic threshold of high-level race walking athletes has been increased, indicating that aerobic energy ratio has been increased and aerobic capacity has been improved. After 4 weeks of IHT, the RBC, Hb and other hematological indicators of high-level walking athletes do not improve