Politische Bildung, Interkulturalität und Integration

Der Beitrag stellt die Ansätze der Politikdidaktik zum gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt unter dem Aspekt der Interkulturalität dar. Zunächst wird auf die Bedeutung interkultureller Bildung für die Politikdidaktik verwiesen. Danach wird der Beitrag politischer Bildung für die Integration untersucht. Schließlich wird der Blick auf die Kompetenzorientierung im Kontext von Interkulturalität gelenkt

Clinical Characteristics of Renal Transplant Recipients that Underwent Urologic Surgery for de novo Disease Before and After Transplantation

The pre-transplantation goal of the urologist is the optimization of urinary tract condition. Therefore, urologic surgery may be needed before or after renal transplantation. We analyzed the results of urologic surgery performed because of de novo urologic diseases. Between January 1986 and January 2001, 281 patients underwent renal transplantation, and 23 urologic surgical procedures were performed on 21 transplant recipients before or after renal transplantation because of de novo urologic diseases. By review the major reasons for urologic surgery in recipients were polycystic kidney diseases, vesicoureteral reflux, and dysfunctional voiding disorders. Nineteen surgical corrective procedures were done average 2.9 months before transplantation. The mortality rate was 10.5%. Four patients underwent urologic surgery at an average 57.5 months after transplantation. We highlight the fact that patients with uremia are vulnerable to surgical complications, and conclude that more intensive long-term urologic follow-ups should be conducted on recipients

Successful Chemotherapy Following Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma and Multi-organ Dysfunction with Infiltration of Eosinophils: A Case Report

Eosinophils are derived from hematopoietic stem cells. Peripheral blood eosinophilia is defined as an absolute eosinophil count of ≥0.5×109/L. Eosinophilia is classified into primary or clonal eosinophilia, secondary eosinophilia, and idiopathic categories including idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. Both hematopoietic and solid neoplasms may be associated with peripheral blood eosinophilia, but multiple myeloma is rarely associated with eosinophilia. We now report the case of a 31-year-old man with multiple myeloma associated with marked eosinophilia who developed multiple organ dysfunction with infiltration of eosinophils. He recovered after treatment with chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation

The Relation between Birth Weight and Insulin Resistance in Korean Adolescents

Low birth weight is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in adults. The fetal programming hypothesis has shown that insulin resistance and its associated metabolic disturbances result from a poor gestational environment, for which low birth weight is a surrogate. An at-home questionnaire survey was performed on 660 middle school students (12-15 years) in Seoul, Korea, and 152 cases were randomly selected based on their birth weight. Subjects were divided into three groups according to birth weight. We recorded their birth weight and measured their current anthropometric data, blood pressure, lipid profile, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β, and compared these parameters among the groups. The relation of birth weight to physiological characteristics in adolescence was examined. Systolic blood pressure, lipid profiles, and fasting plasma glucose, HOMA-β were not significantly different among the groups, but diastolic blood pressure was lower in the third tertile. Insulin, C-peptide, and HOMA-IR were higher in the lower birth weight tertile. After adjustment for confounding factors, birth weight was inversely related to diastolic blood pressure, insulin, C-peptide, and HOMA-IR. We conclude that low birth weight may predict the risk of the insulin resistance and its progression over age, and that adequate gestational nutrition is therefore necessary to prevent low birth weight

Changes in the accreditation standards of medical schools by the Korean Institute of Medical Education and Evaluation from 2000 to 2019

This review presents information on changes in the accreditation standards of medical schools in Korea by the Korean Institute of Medical Education and Evaluation (KIMEE) from 2000 to 2019. Specifically, the following aspects are explained: the development process, setting principles and directions, evaluation items, characteristics of the standards, and validity testing over the course of 4 cycles. The first cycle of accreditation (2000–2005) focused on ensuring the minimum requirements for the educational environment. The evaluation criteria emphasized the core elements of medical education, including facilities and human resources. The second cycle of accreditation (2007–2010) emphasized universities’ commitment to social accountability and the pursuit of excellence in medical education. It raised the importance of qualitative standards for judging the content and quality of education. In the post-second accreditation cycle (2012–2018) which means third accreditation cycle, accreditation criteria were developed to standardize the educational environment and programs and to be used for curriculum development in order to continually improve the quality of basic medical education. Most recently, the ASK 2019 (Accreditation Standards of KIMEE 2019) accreditation cycle focused on qualitative evaluations in accordance with the World Federation of Medical Education’s accreditation criteria to reach the international level of basic medical education, which emphasizes the need for a student-centered curriculum, communication with society, and evaluation through a comprehensive basic medical education course. The KIMEE has developed a basic medical education evaluation and accreditation system in a step-by-step manner, as outlined above. Understanding previous processes will be helpful for the future development of accreditation criteria for medical schools in Korea

Anaphylaxis to husband's seminal plasma and treatment by local desensitization

Hypersensitivity to human seminal fluid is rare but can be life threatening. We report a case of IgE-mediated anaphylaxis to seminal plasma that was diagnosed by skin prick tests and successfully treated by local desensitization. A 32-year-old woman suffering from angioedema and hypotension after exposure to semen was treated with epinephrine upon admission. Skin prick tests and immunoblotting for IgE binding components showed that she was sensitized to her husband's seminal plasma. Local desensitization, which persisted for six months, was achieved by intravaginal administration of serial dilutions of her husband's seminal plasma

Immunogenicity and Safety of Diphtheria-tetanus Vaccine in Adults

This study was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of diphtheria-tetanus (Td) vaccine in adults over 40 yr old who had never received a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccination. A total of 242 subject completed three-doses of Td vaccination and subsequent assays for immunogenicity. Before vaccination, 33.9% and 96.7% participants showed antibody levels of diphtheria and tetanus, respectively, which were below protective level (<0.1 U/mL). After the first dose of Td vaccine, 92.6% and 77.6% of subjects gained protective antibody concentrations (≥0.1 U/mL) for diphtheria and tetanus, with an increase to 99.6% and 100% after the third dose. Local and systemic adverse events occurred in 37.9% and 15.5% of the subjects. No serious adverse event requiring an unscheduled hospital visit occurred. In conclusion, three-doses of Td vaccination to unimmunized adults are safe and effective in inducing protective immunity against diphtheria and tetanus

Lack of Effect of Dexamethasone on Growth of Orientia Tsutsugamushi Gilliam in Mouse L929 Cells

PURPOSE: Previous studies and our own clinical experience suggest that concurrent corticosteroid treatment for severe rickettsial disease with multiorgan failure may improve the clinical course or reduce mortality. However, the use of corticosteroids as adjunctive treatment for rickettsial diseases is controversial. We attempted to determine the influences of corticosteroid on the growth of Orientia tsutsugamushi in vitro to justify and evaluate the clinical applicability of corticosteroid in rickettsial disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: L929 cells were infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi Gilliam. Dexamethasone was added to the cells at final concentrations of 10¹ and 10⁷ pg/mL. Cultures were incubated at 35°C and processed for flow cytometry on the 6th day after addition of dexamethasone. RESULTS: Observation on the 6th day after treatment with dexamethasone in infected cultures revealed that there was no difference in fluorescence intensity among the treatment wells. Treatment of the cells with dexamethasone at concentrations of 10¹ and 10⁷ pg/mL showed no influence on the growth of Orientia tsutsugamushi. CONCLUSION: Our results to show that isolated corticosteroid does not enhance the replication of Orientia tsutsugamushi in vitro. Concurrent use of anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids in conjunction with antibiotics may not have detrimental effects on the course of scrub typhus.ope

Occurrence and characterization of oseltamivir-resistant influenza virus in children between 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 seasons

PurposeThere was a global increase in the prevalence of oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses during the 2007-2008 influenza season. This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 influenza seasons among patients who were treated with oseltamivir (group A) and those that did not receive oseltamivir (group B).MethodsA prospective study was conducted on 321 pediatric patients who were hospitalized because of influenza during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 influenza seasons. Drug resistance tests were conducted on influenza viruses isolated from 91 patients.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the clinical characteristics of groups A and B during both seasons. Influenza A/H1N1, isolated from both groups A and B during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 periods, was not resistant to zanamivir. However, phenotypic analysis of the virus revealed a high oseltamivir IC50 range and that H275Y substitution of the neuraminidase (NA) gene and partial variation of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene did not affect its antigenicity to the HA vaccine even though group A had a shorter hospitalization duration and fewer lower respiratory tract complications than group B. In addition, there was no significant difference in the clinical manifestations between oseltamivir-susceptible and oseltamivir-resistant strains of influenza A/H1N1.ConclusionEstablishment of guidelines to efficiently treat influenza with oseltamivir, a commonly used drug for treating influenza in Korean pediatric patients, and a treatment strategy with a new therapeutic agent is required