698 research outputs found
Electrical and mechanical analysis of different TSV geometries
Through-silicon via (TSV) is an important component for implementing 3-D packages and 3-D integrated circuits as the TSV technology allows stacked silicon chips to interconnect through direct contact to help facilitate high-speed signal processing. By facilitating the stacking of silicon chips, the TSV technology also helps to meet the increasing demand for high density and high performance miniaturized electronic products. Our review of the literature shows that very few studies have reported on the impact of TSV bump geometry on the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the TSV. This paper reports on the investigation of different TSV geometries with the focus on identifying the ideal shapes for improved electrical signal transmission as well as for improved mechanical reliability. The cylindrical, quadrangular (square), elliptical, and triangular shapes were investigated in our study and our results showed that the quadrangular shape had the best electrical performance due to good characteristic impedance. Our results also showed that the quadrangular and cylindrical shapes provided improved mechanical reliability as these two shapes lead to high Cu protrusion of TSV after the annealing process
Environmental and Occupational Health Response to SARS, Taiwan, 2003
Environmental and Occupational Health Industrial hygiene emergency response to SARS in Taiwan
Effect of SiO2 on the Crystallization Behaviors and In-Mold Performance of CaF2-CaO-Al2O3 Slags for Drawing-Ingot-Type Electroslag Remelting
The crystallization characteristics of CaF2-CaO-Al2O3 slags with varying amounts of SiO2 were experimentally studied. The effects of slag crystallization behaviors on the horizontal heat transfer and lubrication performance in drawing-ingot-type electroslag remelting (ESR) were also evaluated in terms of as-cast ingots surface quality and drawing-ingot operation. The results show that increasing SiO2 addition from 0 to 6.8 mass pct strongly suppresses the crystallization of ESR type CaF2-CaO-Al2O3 slags. The crystallization temperature of the studied slags decreases with the increase in SiO2 addition. The liquidus temperatures of the slags also show a decreasing trend with increasing SiO2 content. In CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-(SiO2) slags, faceted 11CaO center dot 7Al(2)O(3)center dot CaF2 crystals precipitate first during continuous cooling of the slag melts, followed by the formation of CaF2 at lower temperatures. 11CaO center dot 7Al(2)O(3)center dot CaF2 was confirmed to be the dominant crystalline phase in the studied slags. CaF2-CaO-Al2O3 slags with a small amount of SiO2 addition are favorable for providing sound lubrication and horizontal heat transfer in mold for drawing-ingot-type ESR, which consequently bring the improvement in the surface quality of ESR ingot and drawing-ingot operating practice as demonstrated by plant trials.open11108sciescopu
A novel repeat sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) using specific repeat sequences of Mycobacterium intracellulare as a DNA fingerprinting
Repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) is a potential epidemiological technique that can provide high-throughput genotype fingerprints of heterogeneous Mycobacterium strains rapidly. Previously published rep-PCR primers, which are based on nucleotide sequences of Gram-negative bacteria may have low specificity for mycobacteria. Moreover, it was difficult to ensure the continuity of the study after the commercial rep-PCR kit was discontinued. Here, we designed a novel rep-PCR for Mycobacterium intracellulare, a major cause of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease with frequent recurrence. We screened the 7,645 repeat sequences for 200 fragments from the genome of M. intracellulare ATCC 13950 in silico, finally generating five primers with more than 90% identity for a total of 226 loci in the genome. The five primers could make different band patterns depending on the genome of three different M. intracellulare strains using an in silico test. The novel rep-PCR with the five primers was conducted using 34 bacterial samples of 7 species containing 25 M. intracellulare clinical isolates, compared with previous published rep-PCRs. This shows distinguished patterns depending on species and blotting assay for 6 species implied the sequence specificity of the five primers. The Designed rep-PCR had a 95–98% of similarity value in the reproducibility test and showed 7 groups of fingerprints in M. intracellulare strains. Designed rep-PCR had a correlation value of 0.814 with VNTR, reference epidemiological method. This study provides a promising genotype fingerprinting method for tracing the recurrence of heterogeneous M. intracellulare
Distribution of sialic acid receptors and influenza A viruses of avian and swine origin and in experimentally infected pigs
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Pigs are considered susceptible to influenza A virus infections from different host origins because earlier studies have shown that they have receptors for both avian (sialic acid-alpha-2,3-terminal saccharides (SA-alpha-2,3)) and swine/human (SA-alpha-2,6) influenza viruses in the upper respiratory tract. Furthermore, experimental and natural infections in pigs have been reported with influenza A virus from avian and human sources.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study investigated the receptor distribution in the entire respiratory tract of pigs using specific lectins <it>Maackia Amurensis </it>(MAA) I, and II, and <it>Sambucus Nigra </it>(SNA). Furthermore, the predilection sites of swine influenza virus (SIV) subtypes H1N1 and H1N2 as well as avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H4N6 were investigated in the respiratory tract of experimentally infected pigs using immunohistochemical methods.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>SIV antigen was widely distributed in bronchi, but was also present in epithelial cells of the nose, trachea, bronchioles, and alveolar type I and II epithelial cells in severely affected animals. AIV was found in the lower respiratory tract, especially in alveolar type II epithelial cells and occasionally in bronchiolar epithelial cells. SA-alpha-2,6 was the predominant receptor in all areas of the respiratory tract with an average of 80-100% lining at the epithelial cells. On the contrary, the SA-alpha-2,3 was not present (0%) at epithelial cells of nose, trachea, and most bronchi, but was found in small amounts in bronchioles, and in alveoli reaching an average of 20-40% at the epithelial cells. Interestingly, the receptor expression of both SA-alpha-2,3 and 2,6 was markedly diminished in influenza infected areas compared to non-infected areas.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A difference in predilection sites between SIV and AIV virus was found, and this difference was in accordance with the distribution of the SA-alpha-2,6 and SA-alpha-2,3 receptor, respectively. The results indicated that the distribution of influenza A virus receptors in pigs are similar to that of humans and therefore challenge the theory that the pig acts as a mixing vessel between human and avian influenza viruses. Furthermore, it was shown that AIV prefers to infect alveolar type II epithelial cells in pigs. This corresponds with findings in humans emphasising the resemblance between the two species.</p
Ergocalciferol and Microcirculatory Function in Chronic Kidney Disease and Concomitant Vitamin D Deficiency: An Exploratory, Double Blind, Randomised Controlled Trial
Vitamin D deficiency and endothelial dysfunction are non-traditional risk factors for cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease. Previous studies in chronic kidney disease have failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect of vitamin D on arterial stiffness, left ventricular mass and inflammation but none have assessed the effect of vitamin D on microcirculatory endothelial function.We conducted a randomised controlled trial of 38 patients with non diabetic chronic kidney disease stage 3-4 and concomitant vitamin D deficiency (<16 ng/dl) who received oral ergocalciferol (50,000 IU weekly for one month followed by 50,000 IU monthly) or placebo over 6 months. The primary outcome was change in microcirculatory function measured by laser Doppler flowmetry after iontophoresis of acetylcholine. Secondary endpoints were tissue advanced glycation end products, sublingual functional capillary density and flow index as well as macrovascular parameters. Parallel in vitro experiments were conducted to determine the effect of ergocalciferol on cultured human endothelial cells.Twenty patients received ergocalciferol and 18 patients received placebo. After 6 months, there was a significant improvement in the ergocalciferol group in both endothelium dependent microcirculatory vasodilatation after iontophoresis of acetylcholine (p = 0.03) and a reduction in tissue advanced glycation end products (p = 0.03). There were no changes in sublingual microcirculatory parameters. Pulse pressure (p = 0.01) but not aortic pulse wave velocity was reduced. There were no significant changes in bone mineral parameters, blood pressure or left ventricular mass index suggesting that ergocalciferol improved endothelial function independently of these parameters. In parallel experiments, expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and activity were increased in human endothelial cells in a dose dependent manner.Ergocalciferol improved microcirculatory endothelial function in patients with chronic kidney disease and concomitant vitamin D deficiency. This process may be mediated through enhanced expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.Clinical trials.gov NCT00882401
How to avoid complications of distraction osteogenesis for first brachymetatarsia
Background and purpose Distraction osteogenesis may be used for the treatment of brachymetatarsia. However, few reports have been published on first metatarsal lengthening by this method. We evaluated the complications of distraction osteogenesis for first brachymetatarsia and here we provide a solution
Responsive Production in Manufacturing: A Modular Architecture
[EN] This paper proposes an architecture aiming at promoting the convergence of the physical and digital worlds, through CPS and IoT technologies, to accommodate more customized and higher quality products following Industry 4.0 concepts. The architecture combines concepts such as cyber-physical systems, decentralization, modularity and scalability aiming at responsive production. Combining these aspects with virtualization, contextualization, modeling and simulation capabilities it will enable self-adaptation, situational awareness and decentralized decision-making to answer dynamic market demands and support the design and reconfiguration of the manufacturing enterprise.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union H2020 project C2 NET (FoF-01-2014) nr 636909.Marques, M.; Agostinho, C.; Zacharewicz, G.; Poler, R.; Jardim-Goncalves, R. (2018). Responsive Production in Manufacturing: A Modular Architecture. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. 140:231-254. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78437-3_10S231254140European Commission: For a European Industrial Renaissance, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions (2014)Hartmann, B., King, W.P., Narayanan, S.: Digital manufacturing: the revolution will be virtualized. McKinsey & Company (2015)European Forum for Manufacture: Driving Innovation and Growth in European Manufacturing (2015)European Factories of the Future Research Association (EFFRA): Factories of the Future: Multi-annual Roadmap for the Contractual PPP under the Horizon 2020 (2013)European Commission: Horizon 2020—Work Programme 2016–2017: 17. Cross-cutting Activities (2016)Schlaepfer, R.C., Koch, M., Merkofer, P.: Industry 4.0 challenges and solutions for the digital transformation and use of exponential technologies. Deloitte AG (2015)7iD: Industry 4.0. https://www.7id.com/technology/industry-4-0/ (2016)European Commission: Horizon 2020—Work Program 2016-2017—Cross-cutting Activities, 25 July 2016EFFRA: Factories of the Future: Multi-annual Roadmap for the Contractual PPP under the Horizon 2020 (2013)FInES Research Roadmap Task Force (2012)Jacinto, J.: Smart manufacturing? Industry 4.0? What’s it all about? Siements Totally Integrated Automation, Automation World & Design World (2014)Monostori, L.: Cyber-physical production systems: roots, expectations and R&D challenges. Procedia CIRP 17, 9–13 (2014)Adolphs, P.: RAMI 4.0—An architectural Model for Industrie 4.0. Platform Industrie 4.0 (2015)Collins, M.: Why America has a shortage of skilled workers. Industry Week (2015)Forbes, J., Naujok, N., Geissbauer, R., Vedso, J., Schrauf, S.: Industry 4.0: building the digital enterprise. PWC (2016)World Economic Forum Industrial Internet Survey (2014)Chen, D., Vernadat, F.B.: Enterprise interoperability: a standardisation view. Enterprise Inter- and Intra-Organizational Integration, Volume 108 of the series IFIP—The International Federation for Information Processing, pp. 273–282 (2003)Yan, L., Li, Z., Yuan, X.: Study on method-of-robust-multidisciplinary-design-collaborative-decision for product design. Inf. Technol. J. 8(4), 441–452 (2009)Ruiz Dominguez, G. A.: Caractérisation de l’activité de conception collaborative à distance: étude des effets de synchronisation cognitive (2005)Jung, J.J.: Reusing ontology mappings for query routing in semantic peer-to-peer environment. Inf. Sci. (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2010.04.018Ranjan, R., Zhao, L., Wu, X., Liu, A., Quiroz, A., Parashar, M.: Peer-to-Peer Cloud Provisioning: Service Discovery and Load-Balancing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-241-4_12Agostinho, C., Pinto, P., Jardim-goncalves, R.: Dynamic adaptors to support model-driven interoperability and enhance sensing enterprise networks. In: 19th World Congress of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC’14), Cape Town, South Africa (2014)Chen, D., Doumeingts, G., Vernadat, F.: Architectures for enterprise integration and interoperability: past, present and future. Comput. Ind. 59, 647–659 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2007.12.016Ducq, Y., Chen, D., Alix, T.: Principles of servitization and definition of an architecture for model driven service system engineering. In: 4th International IFIP Working Conference on Enterprise Interoperability (IWEI 2012), Harbin, China, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33068-17_12Elvesæter, B., Hahn, A., Berre, A., Neple, T.: Towards an interoperability framework for model-driven development of software systems. In: 1st International Conference on Interoperability Enterprise Software and Applications. Springer. http://www.springerlink.com/index/L10NU4306N054T6G.pdf (2005)OMG: MDA Guide Version 1.0.1 (omg/2003-06-01), Object Management Group. http://www.omg.org/cgibin/doc?omg/03-06-01.pdf (2003)Agostinho, C., Ducq, Y., Zacharewicz, G., Sarraipa, J., Lampathaki, F., Poler, R., Jardim-Goncalves, R.: Towards a sustainable interoperability in networked enterprise information systems: trends of knowledge and model-driven technology. Comput. Ind. (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2015.07.001Santucci, G., Martinez, C., Vlad-câlcic, D.: The sensing enterprise. In: FInES Work. FIA 2012, Aalborg, Denmark. http://www.theinternetofthings.eu/sites/default/files/%5Buser-name%5D/Sensing-enterprise.pdf (2012)Sriram, R.: Smart networked systems and societies: what will the future look like? In: IEEE IT Professional Conference (IT Pro). IEEE Computer Society (2014)Manyika, J., Chui, M., Brown, B., Bughin, J., Dobbs, R., Roxburgh, C., et al.: Big data: the next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity. http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/business_technology/big_data_the_next_frontier_for_innovation (2011)Zacharewicz, G., Diallo, S., Ducq, Y., Agostinho, C., Jardim-Goncalves, R., Bazoun, H., Wang, Z., Doumeingts, G.: Model-based approaches for interoperability of next generation enterprise information systems: state of the art and future challenges. Inf. Syst. e-Bus. Manag. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-016-0317-8Jardim-Goncalves, R., Agostinho, C., Steiger-Garcao, A.: A reference model for sustainable interoperability in networked enterprises: towards the foundation of EI science base. Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf. 25(10) (2012). (Special Issue on Collaborative Manufacturing and Supply Chains). https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192x.2011.653831Schatsky, D., Muraskin, C.: Blockchain is coming to disrupt your industry. Deloitte (2015)Shi, J., Wan, J., Yan, H., Suo, H.: A survey of cyber-physical systems. In: International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing, pp. 1–6 (2011)Rajkumar, R.: Workshop report on foundations for innovation in cyber-physical systems. NIST. http://www.nist.gov/el/upload/CPS-WorkshopReport-1-30-13-Final.pdf/ (2013)Lee, J., Lapira, E., Yang, S. Kao, H.-A.: Predictive manufacturing system trends of next generation production systems. In: 11th IFAC Workshop on Intelligent Manufacturing Systems, vol. 11, issue 1, pp. 150–156 (2013)IDC: The digital universe of opportunities: rich data and increasing value of the internet of things. EMC Digital Universe. emc.com/collateral/analyst-reports/idc-digital-universe-2014.pdf . (2014)Baheti, R., Gill, H.: Cyber-physical systems. Impact Control Technol. 1–6 (2011)Lee, J., Bagheri, B., Kao, H.-A.: A cyber physical systems architecture for Industry 4.0-based manufacturing system. Manuf. Lett. 2015, 3, 18–23 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2014.12.001Bagheri, B., Lee, J.: Big future for cyber-physical manufacturing systems. Design World. http://www.designworldonline.com/big-future-for-cyber-physical-manufacturing-systems/ (2015)Lucke, D., Constantinescu, C., Westkämper, E.: Smart factory-a step towards the next generation of manufacturing. Manufacturing Systems and Technologies for the New Frontier, pp. 115–118. Springer, London (2008)Weiser, M.: The Computer for the 21st Century. Scientific American, Special Issue on Communications. Comput. Netw. (1991)Westkämper, E., Jendoubi, L., Eissele, M., Ertl, T.: Smart factory—bridging the gap between digital planning and reality. Manuf. Syst. 35(4), 307–314 (2006)Goryachev, A., Kozhevnikov, S., Kolbova, E., Kuznetsov, O., Simonova, E., Skobelev, P., Tsarev, A., Shepilov, Y.: Smart factory: intelligent system for workshop resource allocation, scheduling, optimization and controlling in real time. Adv. Mater. Res. 630, 508–513 (2012)Agostinho, C., Marques-Lucena, C., Sesana, M., Felic, A., Fischer, K., Rubattino, C., Sarraipa, J.: Osmosis process development for innovative product design and validation. 2015 ASME IMECE, Houston, USA (2015)Ko, J., Lee, B., Lee, K., Hong, S.G., Kim, N., Paek, J.: Sensor virtualization module: virtualizing IoT devices on mobile smartphones for effective sensor data management. Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. (2015). https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/730762Guo, T., Papaioannou, T.G., Aberer, K.: Efficient indexing and query processing of model-view sensor data in the cloud. J. Big Data Res. 1, 52–65 (2014)Kumra, S., Sharma, L., Khanna, Y., Chattri, A.: Analysing an industrial automation pyramid and providing service oriented architecture. Int. J. Eng. Trends Technol. 3(5), 586–594 (2012)Endsley, M.: Design and evaluation for situational awareness enhancement. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting. HFES, Santa Monica, pp. 97–10 (1988)Stanton, N.A., Chambers, P.R., Piggott, J.: Situational awareness and safety. Saf. Sci. 39(3), 189–204 (2001)Endsley, M.: Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Hum. Factors (The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society) 37, 32–64 (1995)Bedny, G., Meister, D.: Theory of activity and situation awareness. Int. J. Cogn. Ergon. 3(1), 63–72 (1999)Smith, K., Hancock, P.A.: Situation awareness is adaptive, externally directed consciousness. Hum. Factors (The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society) 37(1), 137–148 (1995)Ranganathan, A., Campbell, R.H.: An infrastructure for context-awareness based on first order logic. Pers. Ubiquit. Comput. 7(6), 353–364 (2003)Ning, K., Scholze, S., Marques, M., Campos, A, Neves-Silva, R. O’Sullivan, D.: A service oriented platform for context aware knowledge enhancing. In: 5th IFAC Conference on Management and Control of Production and Logistics (2010)Marques, M., Sucic, B., Vuk, T.: Context-based decision support for sustainable optimization of energy consumption. KES Trans. Sustain. Des. Manuf. 1(1), 899–910 (2014)Schneeweiss, C.: Distributed decision making in supply chain management. Int. J. Product. Econ. 84, 71–83 (2003)Alemany, M.M.E., Alarcón, F., Lario, F.C., Boj, J.J.: An application to support the temporal and spatial distributed decision-making process in supply chain collaborative planning. Comput. Ind. 62(5), 519–540 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2011.02.002Hong, I.H., Ammons, J.C., Realff, M.J.: Centralized versus decentralized decision-making for recycled material flows. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42(4), 1172–1177 (2008)Pibernik, R., Sucky, E.: An approach to inter-domain master planning in supply chains. Int. J. Product. Econ. 108, 200–212 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2006.12.010Lee, H., Whang, S.: Decentralized multi-echelon supply chains: incentives and information. Manag. Sci. 45(5), 633–640 (1999)Jung, H., Chen, F., Jeong, B.: Decentralized supply chain planning framework for third party logistics partnership. Comput. Ind. Eng. 55(2), 348–364 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2007.12.017Wang, K.-J., Chen, M.-J.: Cooperative capacity planning and resource allocation by mutual outsourcing using ant algorithm in a decentralized supply chain. Expert Syst. Appl. 36(2), 2831–2842 (2009)Simon, H.A.: The Science of the Artificial, 1st edn. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass, (1969). (3rd ed. in 1996, MIT Press)Mesarovic, M.D., Masko, D., Takahara, Y.: Theory of Hierarchical Multilevel Systems. Academic Press, New York and London (1970)Camarinha-Matos, L.M., Afsarmanesh, H.J.: Collaborative networks: a new scientific discipline. J. Intell. Manuf. 16(4), 439–452 (2005)Popplewell, K., Stojanovic, N., Abecker, A., Apostolou, D., Mentzas, G., Harding, J.: Supporting adaptive enterprise collaboration through semantic knowledge services. In: Enterprise Interoperability Iii: New Challenges and Industrial Approaches, pp. 381–393 (2008). http://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-221-0_30Agostinho, C., Ducq, Y., Zacharewicz, G., Sarraipa, J., Lampathaki, F., Jardim-Goncalves, R., Poler, R.: Towards a sustainable interoperability in networked enterprise information systems: trends of knowledge and model-driven technology. Accepted for Publication at Computers in Industry. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2015.07.001Agostinho, C., Jardim-Gonçalves, R.: Sustaining interoperability of networked liquid-sensing enterprises: a complex systems perspective. Annu. Rev. Control 39, 128–143 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcontrol.2015.03.012Weichhart, G., Molina, A., Chen, D., Whitman, L. E., Vernadat, F.: Challenges and current developments for sensing, smart and sustainable enterprise systems. Computers in Industry (2015). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2015.07.002Weichhart, G.: Supporting Interoperability for Chaotic and Complex Adaptive Enterprise Systems. On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2013 Workshops. Confederated International Workshops: OTM Academy, OTM Industry Case Studies Program, ACM, EI2N, ISDE, META4eS, ORM, SeDeS, SINCOM, SMS, and SOMOCO 2013. Proceedings: LNCS 8186, 86–92. (2013). http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41033-8_14Truex, D.P., Baskerville, R., Klein, H.: Growing systems in emergent organizations. Mag. Commun. ACM CACM Homepage Arch. 42(8), 117–123 (1999)Weiberg, S.: Facilitating collaborative decision-making in six steps. International Association of Facilitators Annual Meeting, pp. 14–15 (1999)Delbecq, A.L., VandeVen, A.H.: A group process model for problem identification and program planning. J. Appl. Behav. Sci. 7, 466–492 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1177/002188637100700404Saaty, T.L.: The Analytic Hierarchy Process. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA (1980
Circulating tumour cell detection: a direct comparison between the CellSearch System, the AdnaTest and CK-19/mammaglobin RT–PCR in patients with metastatic breast cancer
- …