The framework for the development of the southeast Tsinghua University campus

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-87).Tsinghua University is located in the northwest of Beijing. Tsinghua University is one of the best universities focusing on science, engineering, and technology in P. R. CHINA. At present, Tsinghua University is aiming to develop the University not only as one of the national bases for higher learning and for scientific research and technological development but also as one the most beautiful green campuses in the country. My main goal in this design thesis is: remove and demolish some old buildings and build up a campus net for the 21st century; establish a clear strategy for the long-range growth and future development; create out a big green belt in the campus and contribute it to the whole city; establish and enhance the civic structure of the campus by defining open space, giving the space new character, and creating the visual linkages and movement patterns; design a 24-hour campus community.by Junfu Zhu.S.M

A single nucleotide variant in HNF-1β is associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young in a large Chinese family

Background: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a heterogeneous entity of monogenic disorders characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance. Eleven genes were related, including HNF4α, GCK, HNF1α, IPF1, and HNF-1β, and various mutations are being reported. Methods: To help the overall understanding of MODY-related pathologic mutations, we studied a large MODY family found in 2012, in Shandong, China, which contained 9 patients over 3 generations. DNA was extracted from the periphery blood samples of (i) 9 affected members, (ii) 17 unaffected members, and (iii) 1000 healthy controls. Three pooled samples were obtained by mixing equal quantity of DNA of each individual within the each group. Totally 400 microsatellite markers across the whole genome were genotyped by capillary electrophoresis. The known MODY-related gene near the identified marker was sequenced to look for putative risk variants. Results: Allelic frequency of marker D17S798 on chromosome 17q11.2 were significantly different (P<0.001) between the affected vs. unaffected members and the affected vs. healthy controls, but not between the unaffected members vs. healthy controls. MODY5-related gene, hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β (HNF-1β) on 17q12 near D17S798 became the candidate gene. A single nucleotide variant (SNV) of C77T in the non-coding area of exon 1 of HNF-1β was found to be related to MODY5. Conclusion: This novel SNV of HNF-1β contributes to the diabetes development in the family through regulating gene expression most likely. The findings help presymptomatic diagnosis, and imply that mutations in the non-coding areas, as well as in the exons, play roles in the etiology of MODY

A single nucleotide variant in HNF-1β is associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young in a large Chinese family

Background: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a heterogeneous entity of monogenic disorders characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance. Eleven genes were related, including HNF4α, GCK, HNF1α, IPF1, and HNF-1β, and various mutations are being reported. Methods: To help the overall understanding of MODY-related pathologic mutations, we studied a large MODY family found in 2012, in Shandong, China, which contained 9 patients over 3 generations. DNA was extracted from the periphery blood samples of (i) 9 affected members, (ii) 17 unaffected members, and (iii) 1000 healthy controls. Three pooled samples were obtained by mixing equal quantity of DNA of each individual within the each group. Totally 400 microsatellite markers across the whole genome were genotyped by capillary electrophoresis. The known MODY-related gene near the identified marker was sequenced to look for putative risk variants. Results: Allelic frequency of marker D17S798 on chromosome 17q11.2 were significantly different (P<0.001) between the affected vs. unaffected members and the affected vs. healthy controls, but not between the unaffected members vs. healthy controls. MODY5-related gene, hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β (HNF-1β) on 17q12 near D17S798 became the candidate gene. A single nucleotide variant (SNV) of C77T in the non-coding area of exon 1 of HNF-1β was found to be related to MODY5. Conclusion: This novel SNV of HNF-1β contributes to the diabetes development in the family through regulating gene expression most likely. The findings help presymptomatic diagnosis, and imply that mutations in the non-coding areas, as well as in the exons, play roles in the etiology of MODY

Mathematical Model of Constitutive Relation and Failure Criteria of Plastic Concrete under True Triaxial Compressive Stress

To establish the mathematic model of the constitutive relation and failure criteria of plastic concrete under true triaxial compressive stress, uniaxial compressive strength and true triaxial compressive strength of plastic concrete under three kinds of confining pressures with a size of 150 × 150 × 150 mm3 and a curing age of 540 days were tested, and the elastic modulus of plastic concrete with a size of 150 × 150 × 300 mm3 and a curing age of 90 days was tested. Based on the database, under uniaxial compressive stress tests and true triaxial compressive stress tests, the mathematic model of constitutive relation and the failure criteria of plastic concrete were investigated. It was observed that the strength of plastic concrete increased with confining stress. The mathematic model of constitutive relation in the form of the quartic polynomial is in good agreement with measured data. The general equations of failure criteria based on the octahedral stress-space under true triaxial compressive stress in the form of quadratic polynomial are well-fitting with experimental data. The mathematic model of constitutive relation and failure criteria of plastic concrete could provide the basis for a numerical simulation analysis of plastic concrete under true triaxial compressive stress, as well as promote the engineering application of plastic concrete

Optimizing Melamine Resin Microspheres with Excess Formaldehyde for the SERS Substrate

Influence of the excess monomer within the synthetic reaction solution of melamine resin microspheres (MFMSs) on the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) enhancement from Rhodamine 6G (R6G) was investigated, where the R6G was adsorbed on the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) that were loaded on the MFMSs. Surface characteristics of the MFMSs were modified by the excess monomer (i.e., the excessive melamine or formaldehyde) through its terminal overreaction, which can be simply controlled by some of the synthetic reaction conditions, thus further allowing us to optimize the assembly of the loaded AgNPs for the SERS detection. These SERS substrates incorporating the optimized MFMSs with the excess formaldehyde can also be used for tracing analyses of more environmental and food contaminants

Large Signal Stability Criteria Combined with a 3D Region of Asymptotic Stability Method for Islanded AC/DC Hybrid Microgrids

Large disturbances frequently happen in isolated AC/DC Hybrid Microgrids. Unfortunately, constant power loads (CPLs) with negative impedance characteristics are equivalent to positive feedback, resulting in an increase in large disturbances. The system can easily become unstable. Consequently, large signal stability criteria are proposed in this paper. Combined with a three-dimensional region of asymptotic stability (3D RAS) method for islanded AC/DC Hybrid Microgrids, important parameters to increase stability margins were determined. Firstly, mixed potential theory was used to derive a large-signal stability criterion. The criteria gave constraints on filtering parameters, CPL power, power of the battery to charge and discharge, AC resistive loads, and DC bus voltage. Then, Lyapunov functions were constructed, and the Lasalle invariance principle was adopted to achieve 3D RAS. When large disturbances emerged, and simultaneously voltage and current varied in 3D RAS, the system always obtained stability and reached new steady-state equilibrium points. Finally, according to comparisons, bigger capacitances of the DC bus capacitor and the AC capacitor, larger battery discharging power and smaller charging power could significantly increase stability margins of islanded Microgrids. Simulations and experimental data have shown that the large signal stability criteria and the 3D RAS work

Open-end investment funds and VaR as risk measure of equity and balanced funds in Republic of Croatia

Financijske institucije poput banaka, mirovinskih fondova, investicijskih fondova, brokerskih kuća, osiguravajućih društava i drugih financijskih institucija koriste metode procjene izloženosti tržišnom riziku kako bi minimizirale potencijalne gubitke. Regulatorna tijela pojedinih država također nameću financijskim institucijama pravila i praksu upravljanja rizikom kako bi osigurali sigurnost financijskog sustava. Bankama je primjerice određena razina adekvatnosti kapitala s obzirom na izračun rizičnosti vrijednosti (VaR). Osim toga, mogućnost ostvarenja visokih prinosa značajno je utjecala na popularizaciju mjera rizika. Navedeno proizlazi iz činjenice kako visoki prinosi nose sa sobom i visoki rizik te je zbog toga potrebno uvesti različite mjere rizika. To je slučaj i kod dioničkih i mješovitih investicijskih fondova kod kojih postoji mogućnost ostvarivanja viših prinosa, nego putem oročenih depozita u bankama. Mjere rizika, a među njima i VaR, kvantificiraju rizik koji je do sada bio kvalitativna kategorija. Na taj način se potencijalnim investitorima omogućava da brojčano iskažu rizik pojedinog ulaganja što im u konačnici olakšava investicijsku odluku. Osim prošlih prinosa, na temelju kojih se mogu prognozirati očekivani budući prinosi, investitori će prilikom donošenja odluke o investiranju na raspolaganju imati i mjere rizičnosti. Konačna odluka će ovisiti o dobivenim rezultatima, ali i o subjektivnim karakteristikama pojedinog investitora odnosno averziji prema riziku. U radu je objašnjen pojam VaR-a kao mjere rizika i analiziran izračun VaR-a dioničkih i mješovitih investicijskih fondova u Republici Hrvatskoj primjenom povijesne simulacije i metode varijance/kovarijance za razdoblje od dvanaest mjeseci, kao i usporedba navedenih metoda.Financial institutions like banks, pension funds, investment funds, brokerage houses, insurance houses and other financial institutions use different measures to estimate market risk exposure in order to minimize potencial losses. Regulatory institutions of individual states also impose rules and practice in risk management to financial institutions in order to insure safety of financial system. For example, banks are determined capital adequancy ratio level considering value at risk calculation (VaR). Besides, possibility of achieving high investment returns has significantly influenced on risk measures popularization. That is the result of a fact that high investment returns go together with high risk and because of that fact it is necessary to introduce different risk measures. That is the case with equity and balanced investment funds which have possibility of achieving investment returns higher than saving deposits in banks. Risk measures, among them VaR, quantify risk which was, up until now, qualitative category. In that way the potential investors are enabled to numerically state risk of each investment which ultimately facilitates investment decision. Beside past returns, on which future returns can be forecasted, before making investment decision, investors have risk measures available. Final decision will depend on gained results, but also on subjective characteristics of each investor, respectively on his aversion to risk. In this paper, term VaR as one of risk measures was explained, and VaR calculation of equity and balanced investment funds in Croatia with application of historical simulation and parametric method for twelve month period was analized, as well as comparison of these methods

A green route and rational design for ZnO-based high-efficiency photovoltaics

In this work, at room-temperature and without any organic surfactants we reported two green and facile approaches for rapid synthesis of ZnO nanorods (NRs) and nanosheet-based ZnO hierarchical structures (NSHSs). Based on their structural advantages, the quasi-solid ZnO-DSCs achieved a record photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.83%