Simultaneous Electrochemical Measurement using Paper Fluidic Channel on CMOS Chip

This paper described the new system of biosensing using CMOS chip. The system was expected to be used in various circumstances because it was suitable for miniaturization compared to the conventional system. To conduct electrochemical measurements, the new system used paper fluidic channel set on the CMOS chip to transport solution to the on-chip electrodes. The materials of paper fluidic channel were only paper and silicone resin, and these were biocompatible. In experiment, we carried out simultaneous detection of glucose and ethanol in liquid sample solutions on the 5mm square CMOS chip and paper fluidic channel. Furthermore, this system can detect various target molecules in addition to glucose and ethanol, and increase number of simultaneous measurement by adding some more process to the paper and CMOS chip.

Potentiometric Glucose Detection by Paper-based Electrochemical Sensor on CMOS Chip

This paper presents a low cost portable medical device for biochemical sensor using CMOS chip and paper-based fluidic channel. We measured a potential produced by enzyme activity of glucose between the working and reference electrode on CMOS chip. A liquid sample is transported by paper-based fluidic channel, which is made of chromatography paper and silicone resin, and consists of the area for filtering a sample (filter layer) and that for reacting enzyme (enyzme layer). The paper-based fluidic channel is used by combining CMOS chip, and the solution with glucose is dropped from top of the paper-based fluidic channel. The concentrations of glucose are detected by potentiometry (open circuit potential time). The experimental results show that the glucose concentration is measured by CMOS chip and paper-based fluidic channel

Credit Risk and the Pricing of Japanese Yen Interest Rate Swaps

In this paper, we investigate the pricing of Japanese yen interest rate swaps during the period 1990-96. We obtain measures of the spreads of the swap rates over comparable Japanese Government Bonds (JGBs) for different maturities and analyze the relationship between the swap spreads and credit risk variables

Credit Risk and the Yen Interest Rate Swap Market

In this paper, we investigate the pricing of Japanese yen interest rate swaps during the period 1990-96. We obtain measures of the spreads of the swap rates over comparable Japanese Government Bonds (JGBs) for di erent maturities and analyze the relationship between the swap spreads and credit risk variables. Our empirical results in the yen swap market indicate that: 1) the commonly-used as- sumption of lognormal default-free interest rates and swap spreads is strongly rejected by the data, 2) the term structure of swap spreads displays a humped-shape, and 3) the shocks in the yen swap spread are negatively correlated with the shocks in the comparable default-free spot rates, especially for longer maturities. Our analysis also indicates that yen swap spreads behaved very di erently from the credit spreads on Japanese corporate bonds in the early nineties. In contrast to Japanese corporate bonds, we find that the yen swap spread is also significantly related to proxies for the longterm credit risk factor. Furthermore, the swap spread is negatively related to the level and slope of the term structure and positively related to the curvature, indicating that the credit \optionality" is priced in the swap rate. Thus, overall, the yen swap market was sensitive to credit risk during the period of our study

Credit Risk and the Yen Interest Rate Swap Market

In this paper, we investigate the pricing of Japanese yen interest rate swaps during the period 1990-96. We obtain measures of the spreads of the swap rates over comparable Japanese Government Bonds (JGBs) for different maturities and analyze the relationship between the swap spreads and credit risk variables. Our empirical results in the yen swap market indicate that: 1) the commonly-used assumption of lognormal default-free interest rates and swap spreads is strongly rejected by the data, 2) the term structure of swap spreads displays a humped-shape, and 3) the shocks in the yen swap spread are negatively correlated with the shocks in the comparable default-free spot rates, especially for longer maturities. Our analysis also indicates that yen swap spreads behaved very differently from the credit spreads on Japanese corporate bonds in the early nineties. In contrast to Japanese corporate bonds, we find that the yen swap spread is also significantly related to proxies for the long-term credit risk factor. Furthermore, the swap spread is negatively related to the level and slope of the term structure and positively related to the curvature, indicating that the credit "optionality" is priced in the swap rate. Thus, overall, the yen swap market was sensitive to credit risk during the period of our study

Polyethylenimine-Enhanced Alumina Nanoscale Adjuvant for Cancer Vaccine

Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) have been shown to increase the efficiency of cell-mediated immune response. Specifically, CD8 and CD4 immune response is required for T cell activation by dendritic cells. These nanoparticles, when functionalized with peptides and other molecules, can be used as vaccine in cancer treatment. In this study, Al2O3 NPs were attached to E6/E7 proteins. HPV-induced cervical cancer expresses E6/E7 antigens. E6/E7 proteins were attached using surface modification of the Al2O3 NPs; different types of molecules were tested to see which adhered the highest amount of protein and produced the strongest cell response. Protein measurements were done using bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA assay) and spectrophotometry. CD8 and CD4 immune response was measured in vivo using flow cytometry. In vitro measurements of immune response were done using B3Z T cells. When coated on the nanoparticles and conjugated with E6E7 protein, the polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) proved to be most effective at strengthening the immune response in vaccinated mice. The NPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Our findings in this study demonstrate the growing importance of applied physics in the fields of medicine and biology. Fabrication and characterization of nano-materials are important for improving vaccine delivery and ensuring effectiveness

The Effect Of Using English Movie Subtitles To Improve English As A Foreign Language (EFL) Students' Listening Skill (A Quasi-Experimental Study at Grade X PPLG 1 of SMK Negeri 1 Purwokerto in the Academic Year of 2023/2024)

In the classroom, one of the necessary skills to improve students' English is listening. Among the numerous varieties of contemporary learning tools are subtitles. The objective of this study are, 1) to evaluate the implementation of subtitle in the classroom; 2) to determine the significant effect of using subtitle; 3) to determine students’ perception about using subtitle, and 4) to observe the problems in teaching process using subtitle. This is a quasi-experimental study was conducted over the course of five meetings. The xperimental class for this study consisted of 36 students from class X PPLG 1. The researcher provided material in the form of a video from a snippet of an English movies complete with English subtitles at each meeting in the experimental class. The instruments used in this study were pre-test and post-test instruments with twenty questions, observation checklist sheets, and questionnaire sheets distributed to students at the last meeting. The findings of this study show that, 1) the implementation of using subtitle could improved students’ listening skill; 2) the subtitle has significant effect to improve students’ listening skill; 3) students have positive perceptions that the subtitle could be a media to improve their listening skill, and 4) the problems which students faced when using English subtitle are students’ anxiety of making mistakes and improper implementation of the use of movie as a medium. According to the findings, the conclusion for this study are, 1) the implementation of using subtitle could be used as a new learning media; 2) the using of subtitle has significant effect on enhancing students’ listening skill; 3) students believe that using English subtitles in English-language movies can help them learn English and improve their listening skills, and 4) the problems which students faced during the using of English subtitle should be considered to make the activities fun by choosing the right length of the movies

Evidence for receptor-mediated inhibition of intrinsic activity of GTP-binding protein, Gi1 and Gi2, but not G0 in reconstitution experiments

AbstractThe receptor-mediated inhibition of intrinsic activities of GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) was studied. Pertussis toxin (IAP)-substrate G-protein, Gi1, Gi2 or G0, was prelabeled with [α-32P]GDP and reconstituted with synaptic membranes of the guinea pig cerebellum in the presence of 0.02% of Chaps. Intrinsic activities of G-proteins were evaluated by the release of [α-32P]GDP in exchange for added GppNHp or GDP in reconstituted preparations. U-50,488H (1 nM-10 μM), a specific ϰ-subtype of opioid receptor agonist, inhibited the [α-32P]GDP release in exchange for added 1 μM GppNHp in Gi1-reconstituted preparations in a concentration-dependent manner. On the other hand, the ϰ-opioid agonist at 10 μM increases the Km values of GppNHp, but not GDP in exchange for [α-32P]GDP release in preparations reconstituted with Gi1 or Gi2, but not with G0. These findings indicate that ϰ-opioid receptor is coupled to inhibition of intrinsic activities of Gi1 and Gi2, but not G0, in guinea pig cerebellar membranes. In addition, it was revealed that the mode of action is mediated by a decrease in affinity of GTP (or its analog) for G-proteins, but not by a change in affinity of GDP

Credit Risk and the Pricing of Japanese Yen Interest Rate Swaps

In this paper, we investigate the pricing of Japanese yen interest rate swaps during the period 1990-96. We obtain measures of the spreads of the swap rates over comparable Japanese Government Bonds (JGBs) for different maturities and analyze the relationship between the swap spreads and credit risk variables

Credit Risk and the Yen Interest Rate Swap Market

In this paper, we investigate the pricing of Japanese yen interest rate swaps during the period 1990-96. We obtain measures of the spreads of the swap rates over comparable Japanese Government Bonds (JGBs) for di erent maturities and analyze the relationship between the swap spreads and credit risk variables. Our empirical results in the yen swap market indicate that: 1) the commonly-used as- sumption of lognormal default-free interest rates and swap spreads is strongly rejected by the data, 2) the term structure of swap spreads displays a humped-shape, and 3) the shocks in the yen swap spread are negatively correlated with the shocks in the comparable default-free spot rates, especially for longer maturities. Our analysis also indicates that yen swap spreads behaved very di erently from the credit spreads on Japanese corporate bonds in the early nineties. In contrast to Japanese corporate bonds, we find that the yen swap spread is also significantly related to proxies for the longterm credit risk factor. Furthermore, the swap spread is negatively related to the level and slope of the term structure and positively related to the curvature, indicating that the credit \optionality" is priced in the swap rate. Thus, overall, the yen swap market was sensitive to credit risk during the period of our study