Mechanistic origins of accelerated hydrogenation of mixed alkylaromatics by synchronised adsorption over Rh/SiO2

Catalytic reactions of mixed substrates sometimes behave differently from those of individual substrates. For example, the hydrogenation of propylbenzene over Rh/SiO2 proceeds 120% faster in the presence of toluene. Such an acceleration effect does not agree with the well-accepted Langmuir–Hinshelwood reaction model. In this paper, we examined its mechanism experimentally and computationally. The hydrogenation experiment of vaporised aromatics confirmed that the acceleration was specific to the liquid phase with the isopropanol solvent. Direct adsorption measurements revealed that toluene adsorption synchronises with propylbenzene adsorption. Density functional theory calculations confirmed the associates of toluene and propylbenzene on the catalyst surface in the polar environment. The formation of associates increased the adsorption energy of toluene and decreased that of propylbenzene. Lowered adsorption energy reduces the activation barrier for catalytic reaction and intensifies the reaction rate beyond the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model prediction

Predicting Protein Phenotypes Based on Protein-Protein Interaction Network

BACKGROUND: Identifying associated phenotypes of proteins is a challenge of the modern genetics since the multifactorial trait often results from contributions of many proteins. Besides the high-through phenotype assays, the computational methods are alternative ways to identify the phenotypes of proteins. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, we proposed a new method for predicting protein phenotypes in yeast based on protein-protein interaction network. Instead of only the most likely phenotype, a series of possible phenotypes for the query protein were generated and ranked according to the tethering potential score. As a result, the first order prediction accuracy of our method achieved 65.4% evaluated by Jackknife test of 1,267 proteins in budding yeast, much higher than the success rate (15.4%) of a random guess. And the likelihood of the first 3 predicted phenotypes including all the real phenotypes of the proteins was 70.6%. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The candidate phenotypes predicted by our method provided useful clues for the further validation. In addition, the method can be easily applied to the prediction of protein associated phenotypes in other organisms

チバ キャンパス サンガクブ ニオケル タショクシュ レンケイ キョウイク ドウニュウ ニ ムケタ ケントウ : ソツギョウセイ オ タイショウ ト シタ カイコテキ インタビュー チョウサ ヨリ

【目的・方法】総合福祉学部、コミュニティ政策学部、看護栄養学部の三学部で専門職連携教育のプログラムを構築するための基礎的資料を得ることを目的に、社会福祉学科卒業生２名、コミュニティ政策学科卒業生１名、看護学科卒業生１名の協力を得て、2018年８月に多職種連携教育の経験およびニーズに関するグループインタビュー調査を実施した。【結果】インタビューデータはテキスト化、セグメント（切片）化したうえで、意味内容からコード化・カテゴリ化した。その結果、本調査対象の卒業生は、福祉を基盤とした大学の文化を背景にして、福祉の実践者としての周囲からの期待と、福祉マインドを体現する先輩や実務経験のある教員の存在を、専門職としての多職種連携を推進する力としており、またそれぞれの実践に他学部学生との交流経験が生かされていた。【結論】本学における多職種連携教育プログラムでは、学生間の交流を促進するような、初年次での学部を超えたキャンパス共通の科目をもうけること、他学部他学科の学生による合同演習を含む多職種連携に関する科目をカリキュラムに組み込むことの必要性が示された

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1.

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field

Structural Insight into Order-Disorder Transition and Charge-Transfer Phase Transition in an Iron Mixed-Valence Complex (n-C3H7)4N[FeIIFeIII(dto)3] with a Two-Dimensional Honeycomb Network

International audienc

A tricky water molecule coordinated to a verdazyl radical\textendashiron(ii) complex: a multitechnique approach

International audienc

A tricky water molecule coordinated to a verdazyl radical\textendashiron(ii) complex: a multitechnique approach

International audienc

Impaired Proliferation and Th1 Differentiation of CD4+ T Cells of SHPS-1 Mutant Mice

Background & Aims: SHPS-1 is a transmembrane protein that binds the protein tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2 through its cytoplasmic region. It is highly expressed on the surface of CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. We have recently shown that priming of CD4+T cells by DCs is markedly impaired in mice that express a mutant form of SHPS-1 lacking most of the cytoplasmic region. We have now evaluated further the functions of CD4+T cells derived from SHPS-1 mutant mice. Methods: The expression of cell surface molecules on CD4+T cells was examined by flow cytometry. The proliferation of CD4+T cells was measured by［3H］thymidine incorporation. Cytokine production by CD4+T cells was measured by ELISA. Results: SHPS-1 is expressed at low level on CD4+T cells of wild-type mice. The T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulated proliferation of CD4+T cells from SHPS-1 mutant mice was markedly decreased, whereas the TCR-stimulated production of IL-2 and IFN-γ by these cells was markedly increased, compared with those apparent with wild-type cells. Differentiation of CD4+T cells from SHPS-1 mutant mice into Th1 cells was also impaired. Conclusions: Present results suggest that SHPS-1 is essential for proper regulation of CD4+T cell functions