Nivel de conocimiento sobre caries dental en padres de familia de niños preescolares de dos instituciones educativas Porvenir- Trujillo

Determinar el nivel de conocimiento de padres de familia sobre caries dental en niños preescolares de dos instituciones educativas. Materiales y Método: El estudio fue prospectivo, trasversal, descriptivo y observacional, conformado por 128 padres. La determinación del nivel de conocimiento se realizó utilizando un cuestionario con 20 preguntas y respuestas cerradas. El análisis estadístico empleado fue la de Chi Cuadrado (x2 ), con un nivel de significancia de 0.05. Resultados: El nivel de conocimiento de los padres fue regular con un porcentaje de 48%, el mayor porcentaje lo presentó las mujeres con 47% y el grado secundario con 27% encontrándose en nivel regular. Se encontró diferencia significativa en sexo (p=0.029) pero no en grado de instrucción (p=.318). Conclusión: El nivel de conocimiento de los padres de familia sobre caries dental en niños preescolares de dos instituciones educativas fue regular.To determine the level of knowledge of parents about dental caries in preschool children from two educational institutions. Materials and Method: The study was prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive and observational, made up of 128 parents. The determination of the level of knowledge was carried out using a questionnaire with 20 questions and closed answers. The statistical analysis used was Chi Square (x2 ), with a significance level of 0.05. Results: The level of knowledge of the parents was regular with a percentage of 48%, the highest percentage was presented by women with 47% and the secondary grade with 27% being at a regular level. A significant difference was found in sex (p= 0.029) but not in educational level (p = 0.318). Conclusion: The level of knowledge of the parents about dental caries in preschool children from two educational institutions was regular.Tesi

Podocarpus in the palaeogeographically complex island of Hispaniola: A stepping-stone colonization and conservation recommendations

Aim: Hispaniola is the second largest island in the Caribbean and a hot spot of biodiversity. The island was formed by the fusion of a northern and southern palaeo-islands during the mid-Miocene (15 Ma). The historical split of Hispaniola together with repeated marine incursions during the Pleistocene is known to have influenced lineage divergence and genetic structure in a few birds and mammals, but the effect on vascular plants is less understood. The conifer genus Podocarpus has two species, P.hispaniolensis and P.buchii, that are endemic to the mountains of Hispaniola and are IUCN endangered. The former occurs in the mountains of the north, and the latter in the south, with a region of sympatry in the Cordillera Central. Here, we evaluate the historical split of the two palaeo-islands and repeated marine incursions as dispersal barriers to the geographical distribution of genetic diversity, genetic structure, divergence patterns and the historical demography of the two species. Location: Hispaniola island, Caribbean. Methods: Using genotyping-by-sequencing in 47 Podocarpus samples, we identified two sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms for our analyses (74,260 and 22,657 SNPs). We conducted a phylogenetic and an approximate Bayesian computation analysis to test evolutionary hypotheses of sympatric and allopatric speciation and stepping-stone colonization. Results: Podocarpus showed a population genetic structure that corresponds to the geographic distribution of the species. Podocarpus on Hispaniola fit a stepping-stone colonization model with bottlenecks at each mountain colonization event and speciation in Cordillera Central. Main conclusions: The historical events in question did not seem to have influenced the genetic structure, diversity or demography of Podocarpus; instead, the current geographic barriers imposed by lowland xeric valleys did. The clear divergence between species together with the elevated within-population genetic diversity and significant genetic structure calls for a multi-population in situ conservation of each species.Fil: Nieto Blázquez, María Esther. Memorial University Of Newfoundland. Faculty Of Science; Canadá. Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre; AlemaniaFil: Quiroga, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Premoli Il'grande, Andrea Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Roncal, Julissa. Memorial University Of Newfoundland. Faculty Of Science; Canad

Hábitos de higiene y alimentación en niños de 5 años de la I.E. N°1563 “Nuevo Milenio” del distrito el Porvenir

El trabajo de investigación titulado “Hábitos de higiene y alimentación en niños de 5 años de la I.E 1563 “Nuevo Milenio” del distrito El Porvenir – 2019” tuvo como propósito principal establecer la relación que existe entre los hábitos de higiene y los hábitos de alimentación en la muestra antes indicada. El diseño empleado fue el descriptivo correlacionar el cual en primer término determina las características de las variables y las dimensiones para luego establecer la relación existente entre las variables y posteriormente entre las dimensiones de los hábitos de higiene y los hábitos alimentarios en los estudiantes de la muestra seleccionada. El trabajo se ha realizado en una muestra de 22 padres de familia de los niños de cinco años de la institución indicada de los cuales se recabó información para realizar el procesamiento de datos de la presente investigación, los hábitos de higiene están conformados por seis dimensiones y 36 ítems y los hábitos de alimentación por tres dimensiones y 30 ítems. El supuesto formulado es que existe relación directa entre los hábitos de higiene y los hábitos de alimentación, al contrastarse la hipótesis haciendo uso del coeficiente r de Pearson dado que los datos presentaron distribución normal, arrojó una correlación muy fuerte directa y significativa al haberse encontrado r = 0.876 con p = 9.4327E-8 por lo que se procedió a rechazar la hipótesis nula y aceptar la correspondiente hipótesis alterna, fue directa porque r es positivo, muy fuerte por el valor que tiene seguras para las interpretativas y además significativa nada que p < 0.05

Cuna multifuncional

, funcional, , espacio, eco-amigable, bebé, apartamento, muebles para bebés, cuna, . Multifunctional crib, functional, , space, eco-friendly, baby, , baby furniture, crib, .Varias familias recién conformadas con la llegada de un primer hijo tienen como primera toma de decisión optimizar el espacio del cuarto del bebé frente a la presencia de apartamentos con áreas cada vez más reducidas. Dentro de esta toma de decisión identificamos como problema común la decisión de compra sobre los muebles para el cuarto del bebé, lo que buscan es en lo posible optimizar el espacio reducido que tienen en el cuarto y junto con ello revisan el costo y beneficio que le genera principalmente la compra de la cuna para el bebé. El objetivo de este negocio es ofrecer un producto que ayude a las familias a solucionar el problema del espacio reducido del cuarto del bebé en un apartamento, donde no solo podrá optimar espacio con nuestro producto, sino que también ahorrará el gasto a futuro que suele generar cuando se realiza el cambio de una cuna por una cama, dado que nuestro producto aparte de ser una cuna multifuncional, también se convierte en 5 piezas funcionales (cama de una plaza, una cómoda, un velador, una repisa y escritorio), ayudando de esta forma a la optimización de espacio y también a la economía del núcleo familiar. Finalmente, otro objetivo de nuestro producto es contribuir a la protección del medio ambiente, por lo que utilizamos como principal material la melanina, el cual está hecho de material eco-amigable.Several newly-formed families with the coming of a first child have as their first decision to optimize the space of the baby's room in front of the presence of apartments with increasingly small areas. Within this decision-making, we identify as a common problem the purchase decision on the furniture for the baby's room, what they are looking for is to optimize the reduced space they have in the room, and together with this they review the cost and benefit that It mainly generates the purchase of the crib for the baby. The objective of this business is to offer a product that helps families solve the problem of reduced space in the baby's room in an apartment, where you will not only be able to optimize space with our product, but will also save the future expenses that it usually generates when changing a crib for a bed, since our product, apart from being a multifunctional crib, also becomes 5 functional pieces (single bed, chest of drawers, nightstand, shelf and desk), helping to this way to the optimization of space and also to the economy of the family nucleus. Finally, another objective of our product is to contribute to the protection of the environment, which is why we use melanin as the main material, which is made of eco-friendly material.Trabajo de investigació

Differential Response to Soil Salinity in Endangered Key Tree Cactus: Implications for Survival in a Changing Climate

Understanding reasons for biodiversity loss is essential for developing conservation and management strategies and is becoming increasingly urgent with climate change. Growing at elevations <1.4 m in the Florida Keys, USA, the endangered Key tree cactus (Pilosocereus robinii) experienced 84 percent loss of total stems from 1994 to 2007. The most severe losses of 99 and 88 percent stems occurred in the largest populations in the Lower Keys, where nine storms with high wind velocities and storm surges, occurred during this period. In contrast, three populations had substantial stem proliferation. To evaluate possible mortality factors related to changes in climate or forest structure, we examined habitat variables: soil salinity, elevation, canopy cover, and habitat structure near 16 dying or dead and 18 living plants growing in the Lower Keys. Soil salinity and elevation were the preliminary factors that discriminated live and dead plants. Soil salinity was 1.5 times greater, but elevation was 12 cm higher near dead plants than near live plants. However, distribution-wide stem loss was not significantly related to salinity or elevation. Controlled salinity trials indicated that salt tolerance to levels above 40 mM NaCl was related to maternal origin. Salt sensitive plants from the Lower Keys had less stem growth, lower root:shoot ratios, lower potassium: sodium ratios and lower recovery rate, but higher δ 13C than a salt tolerant lineage of unknown origin. Unraveling the genetic structure of salt tolerant and salt sensitive lineages in the Florida Keys will require further genetic tests. Worldwide rare species restricted to fragmented, low-elevation island habitats, with little or no connection to higher ground will face challenges from climate change-related factors. These great conservation challenges will require traditional conservation actions and possibly managed relocation that must be informed by studies such as these

Edaphic and light conditions of sympatric plant morphotypes in western Amazonia

Here I present a dataset of edaphic and light conditions associated with the occurrence of sympatric morphotypes of Geonoma macrostachys (Arecaceae/Palmae), a candidate case study from Amazonia hypothesized to have evolved under ecological speciation. Transects were established in three lowland rainforests in Peru, and the abundance of each local morphotype of this species was recorded in a total area of 4.95 hectares. Composite soil samples and hemispherical photographs were taken along the transects were the species occurred to obtain information on soil nutrients, soil texture, and indirect measurements of light availability. The raw and summary tables disclose the characteristics of each study site and habitats within them, which could be useful to soil scientists, ecologists, and conservationists engaged in similar research activities or meta-analyses in Amazonia

Molecular phylogenetics of the palm tribe Geonomeae, and differentiation of Geonoma macrostachys western Amazonian varieties

Phylogenetic analyses were performed on six genera and 46 species of the Neotropical palm tribe Geonomeae. The analyses were based on two low copy nuclear DNA sequences from the genes encoding phosphoribulokinase and RNA polymerase II. The basal node of the tribe was polytomous. Pholidostachys formed a monophyletic group. The currently accepted genera Calyptronoma and Calyptrogyne formed a well-supported clade with Calyptronoma resolved as paraphyletic to Calyptrogyne. Geonoma formed a strongly supported monophyletic group consisting of two main clades. An evaluation of the genetic distinctness between Geonoma macrostachys varieties at a local and regional scale using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers was performed. Clustering, ordination, and AMOVA suggested a lack of genetic distinctness between varieties at the regional level. A hierarchical AMOVA revealed that the genetic diversity mainly lies among the four localities sampled. A significant genetic differentiation between sympatric varieties occurred in one locality only. The current taxonomy of G. macrostachys, which recognizes only one species, was therefore supported. The preferred habitat of sympatric G. macrostachys varieties with respect to edaphic, topographic, and light factors in three Peruvian lowland forests was studied. The two varieties were mostly encountered in different physiographically defined habitats, with variety acaulis occurring more often in floodplain forest and variety macrostachys in the tierra firme. Comparison of means tests revealed that nine to eleven of the 16 environmental variables were significantly different between varieties. Edaphic factors, mainly soil texture and K content, were better contributors than light conditions to distinguish the habitats occupied by the two varieties in all three study sites. It is concluded that habitat differentiation plays a role in the coexistence of these closely related species taxa