Performance prediction using nutritional systems and carcass traits of young Zebu bulls

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a predição de desempenho pelos sistemas CNCPS 5.0, NRC 2000 e BR-CORTE, bem como o ganho de peso diário (GPD) e as características de carcaça em tourinhos zebuínos. Foram utilizados 44 tourinhos: 19 Nelore PO, 7 Nelore LA, 10 Tabapuã PO e 8 Guzerá PO, com peso corporal médio inicial de 266, 236, 222 e 219 kg e idade inicial média de 9, 10, 8 e 8 meses, respectivamente. O período experimental foi de 112 dias. O consumo alimentar individual foi obtido com o uso de indicadores (LIPE, óxido crômico e FDAi). Informações sobre área de olho de lombo (AOL), espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS) e espessura de gordura na garupa (P8) foram obtidas por ultrassonografia. Para comparação do GPD predito e observado, foi utilizada análise de regressão linear. Os valores de GPD, AOL, EGS e P8 não diferiram entre os grupos genéticos. Para os sistemas CNCPS 5.0 e NRC 2000, os menores valores de GPD preditos foram estimados com base na disponibilidade de energia; para BR-CORTE, foram baseados na disponibilidade de proteína. Os sistemas NRC 2000, CNCPS 5.0 e BR-CORTE superestimaram o GPD, e não se mostraram adequados para predição do desempenho de tourinhos zebuínos.The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance prediction by the CNCPS 5.0, NRC 2000 and BR-CORTE systems, as well as the average daily weight gain (ADG) and the carcass traits of young Zebu bulls. Fourty-four young bulls were used: 19 Nelore PO, 7 Nelore OB, 10 Tabapuã PO and 8 Guzerat PO, with initial body weight of 266, 236, 222 and 219 kg and initial average age of 9, 10, 8 and 8 months respectively. The experimental period was of 112 days. The individual intake was measured using markers (LIPE, chromic oxide and indigestible acid detergent fiber). The data on rib-eye area (REA), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) and rump fat thickness (P8) were obtained using ultrasonography. For the comparison of the estimated and observed ADG values, linear regression analysis was used. ADG, REA, SFT and P8 did not differ amongst the genetic groups. For the CNCPS 5.0 and NRC 2000 systems, the lowest ADG values predicted were estimated based on the available energy; for BR-CORTE, the lowest values were estimated based on available protein. The NRC 2000, CNCPS 5.0 and BR-CORTE systems overestimated the ADG, and were inadequate for predicting the performance of young Zebu bulls

PADRÃO BIOMÉTRICO, MEDIDAS DE ATRELAGEM E ÍNDICE DE CARGA DE EQUIDEOS DE TRAÇÃO URBANA DO MUNICÍPIO DE ARAPIRACA, ALAGOAS

Milhares de pessoas utilizam a carroça tracionada por equídeos como meio de trabalho ou suplementação de renda no mundo, havendo muitos projetos que atendem esses animais no Brasil. Porém poucas são as pesquisas envolvendo a caracterização biométrica dos animais e as medidas de atrelagem, buscando classificar os equídeos pela capacidade de tração, propondo discussões cientificamente embasadas acerca da capacidade de carga por animal, consequentemente diminuindo os maus tratos. Objetivou-se determinar o padrão zoométrico, tipologia e medidas relacionadas à atrelagem de 234 equídeos de tração no município de Arapiraca-Alagoas, Brasil. Foram obtidas medidas morfoestruturais lineares e perimetrais, calculando-se os índices zoométricos: índice corporal, peso estimado, índice dáctilo torácico, índice de carga a passo e índice de carga a galope. Os muares representaram 76% dos animais estudados, os equinos 21% e os asininos 3%. Em todas as medidas morfoestruturais e índices zoométricos, com exceção do índice corporal onde os asininos apresentaram a maior média, verifica-se diferença estatística (P<0,05) entre as espécies com os equinos sempre apresentando maiores valores, seguidos pelos muares e asininos. Não há adequação em relação às medidas das atrelagens, verificando-se diferença estatística (P<0,05) apenas para os veículos tracionados por asininos. Os equinos e muares utilizados por condutores de carroças são classificados como equídeos de pequeno porte, com propensão à tração leve

Consumo alimentar e sua predição pelos sistemas NRC, CNCPS e BR-Corte, para tourinhos zebuínos confinados Feed intake and its prediction using the NRC, CNCPS and BR-Corte systems for confined young Zebu bulls

Objetivou-se avaliar a predição de consumo de matéria seca (CMS) pelos sistemas CNCPS 5.0, NRC e BR-CORTE, bem como o consumo de nutrientes por tourinhos zebuínos confinados. Foram utilizados 44 animais em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, sendo: 19 Nelore PO, 7 Nelore LA, 10 Tabapuã PO e 8 Guzerá PO, com peso vivo inicial médio de 394 ± 39; 348 ± 33; 346 ± 28 e 340 ± 30 kg, respectivamente, e idade inicial média de 13 meses. O período experimental foi de 84 dias. O consumo alimentar individual foi obtido com o uso dos indicadores LIPE®, óxido crômico e fibra em detergente ácido indigestível (FDAi). Para comparação do CMS predito pelos sistemas com o observado utilizou-se análise de regressão linear. Os animais Nelore LA apresentaram os menores valores observados para CMS (kg d-1). Ao avaliar o CMS em porcentagem do peso vivo (%PV) e em gramas por quilo de peso vivo metabólico (g kg-1 PM), foi detectada diferença entre os grupos genéticos, sendo que os maiores valores ocorreram para os animais Tabapuã PO e Guzerá PO. Os sistemas NRC, CNCPS 5.0 e o BR-CORTE apresentaram subpredição do CMS. Conclui-se que os sistemas estudados não se mostraram adequados para predizer o consumo de matéria seca em tourinhos zebuínos confinados.The objective of this study was to evaluate the prediction of dry matter intake (DMI) using the CNCPS 5.0, NRC and BR-CUT systems, and of the nutrient intake of confined young Zebu bulls. A completely randomized experimental design of 44 animals as follows was used: 19 Nelore PO, 7 Nelore LA, 10 Tabapua PO e 8 Guzerat PO, with a mean initial live body weight of 394 ± 39, 348 ± 33, 346 ± 28 and 340 ± 30 kg respectively, and a mean initial age of 13 months. The length of the experiment was 84 days. Individual food consumption was calculated with the use of LIPE®, chromium oxide and indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF) indicators. In order to compare the DMI as predicted by the systems to that observed, linear regression analysis was used. The Nellore LA group showed the lowest observed values for DMI (kg d-1). When assessing DMI as a percentage of live body weight (% BW) and in grams per kilogram of metabolic live weight (g kg-1 MW), a difference between genetic groups was found, with the highest values being observed for the Tabapua PO and Guzerat PO groups. The NRC, CNCPS 5.0 and BR-CUT systems under predicted the DMI. It can be concluded that the systems studied were not adequate for the prediction of the dry matter intake of confined young Zebu bulls

DIVERGÊNCIA MORFOMÉTRICA EM BOVINOS NELORE EM CRESCIMENTO CLASSIFICADOS PARA DIFERENTES CLASSES DE FRAME SIZE

This study aimed at evaluating the performance of Nelore cattle during growth classified for different classes of frame size regarding body weights and morphometric measures at different ages. Weights and morphometric measures Nelore bulls up to 1 year of age were monthly recorded. The characteristics evalu-ated were birth weight, 120, 205, 240 and 365 days of age, withers height and rump height, thoracic perimeter, distance between pin bones, distance between hip bones and chest width, depth of chest, space under sternal and hip length. Frame size scores classified as medium, large and extreme, were estimated using equations and tables according to Beef Improvement Federation (BIF). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer test at 5% probability and analyses were performed by canonical variables and the grouping analyses of genotype by method of Tocher. The animals with larger class of frame size were heavier and morphometric measurements as well, when compared with animals classified for smaller class. The correlation between weight at different ages were higher. The weight correlates with body features positively, indicating that the weight gain of the animals increased their influence on the frame size. Cluster analysis resulted in three distinct genetic groups that have similar within the group and genetic divergence between them

Carcass characteristics and cuts of Santa Inês lambs fed different roughage proportions and fat source

This work aimed at determining the influence of roughage proportions and fat source of the diet on characteristics of carcass and comercial cuts of lambs. It was used 24 non-castrated Santa Inês male lambs, ad libitum fed diet with two proportions of roughage (30 and 70%) and fat (no fat, protected fat, and soybean) slaughtered at an avarage body weight of 35.4 kg (± 1.5 kg). Animals fed 30% roughage diet showed the highest weights and carcass yields. The percentages of posterior arm and ham were higher in animals fed 30% roughage with no addition of fat source. Total leg length and internal length were higher in animals fed 70% roughage diet while leg width was higher for those fed 30% roughage diet. Addition of fat source in diets with high percentage of concentrate can increase carcass yields. This effect is higher when protected fat is used regarded to whole soybean. Although diets do not have effect on most of these cuts, the effect on the ham confirms the influence of the diet on this noble cuts

Fatty acid profile and meat quality of young bulls fed ground soybean or ground cottonseed and vitamin E

The objective of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid profile and qualitative characteristics of meat from feedlot young bulls fed ground soybean or ground cottonseed, with or without supplementation of vitamin E. A total of 40 Red Norte young bulls, with an initial average age of 20 months, and an initial average BW of 339 +/- 15 kg, were allotted in a completely randomized design using a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, with two oilseeds, and daily supplementation or not of 2500 IU of vitamin E. The experimental period was for 84 days, which was preceded by an adaptation period of 28 days. The treatments were ground soybean (SB), ground soybean plus vitamin E (SBE), ground cottonseed (CS) and ground cottonseed plus vitamin E (CSE). The percentage of cottonseed and soybean in the diets (dry matter basis) was 24% and 20%, respectively. Diets were isonitrogenous (13% CP) and presented similar amount of ether extract (6.5%). The animals were slaughtered at average live weight of 464 +/- 15 kg, and samples were taken from the longissimus dorsi muscle for the measurement of fatty acid concentration and the evaluation of lipid oxidation and color of the beef. Before fatty acid extraction, muscle tissue and subcutaneous fat of the longissimus dorsi were separated to analyze fatty acid profile in both tissues. Supplementation of vitamin E did not affect fatty acid concentration, lipid oxidation and color (P &gt; 0.05). Subcutaneous fat from animals fed CS diet had greater C12: 0, C16: 0 and C18: 0 contents (P &lt; 0.03). In addition, CS diets reduced the C18: 1 and C18: 2 cis-9, trans-11 contents in subcutaneous fat (P &lt; 0.05). The muscle from animals fed CS tended to higher C16: 0 and C18: 0 contents (P &lt; 0.11), and decreased C18: 1, C18: 2 cis-9, trans-11 and C18: 3 contents (P &lt; 0.05) compared with SB. The Delta(9)-desaturase index was greater in muscle from animals fed SB (P &lt; 0.01). At 42 days of age, meat from cattle fed SB had a greater lipid oxidation rate (P &lt; 0.05). Meat from animals fed SB diets had less lightness and redness indices than meat from animals fed CS diets after 14 days of age. In conclusion, the addition of ground cottonseed in the finishing diets did increase the saturated fatty acid content of the longissimus dorsi. However, animals fed cottonseed exhibited greater lightness and redness of beef. In this study, the addition of vitamin E did not affect qualitative characteristics of meat

Predição de desempenho com uso de sistemas de exigências nutricionais e características de carcaça de tourinhos zebuínos Performance prediction using nutritional systems and carcass traits of young Zebu bulls

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a predição de desempenho pelos sistemas CNCPS 5.0, NRC 2000 e BR-CORTE, bem como o ganho de peso diário (GPD) e as características de carcaça em tourinhos zebuínos. Foram utilizados 44 tourinhos: 19 Nelore PO, 7 Nelore LA, 10 Tabapuã PO e 8 Guzerá PO, com peso corporal médio inicial de 266, 236, 222 e 219 kg e idade inicial média de 9, 10, 8 e 8 meses, respectivamente. O período experimental foi de 112 dias. O consumo alimentar individual foi obtido com o uso de indicadores (LIPE, óxido crômico e FDAi). Informações sobre área de olho de lombo (AOL), espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS) e espessura de gordura na garupa (P8) foram obtidas por ultrassonografia. Para comparação do GPD predito e observado, foi utilizada análise de regressão linear. Os valores de GPD, AOL, EGS e P8 não diferiram entre os grupos genéticos. Para os sistemas CNCPS 5.0 e NRC 2000, os menores valores de GPD preditos foram estimados com base na disponibilidade de energia; para BR-CORTE, foram baseados na disponibilidade de proteína. Os sistemas NRC 2000, CNCPS 5.0 e BR-CORTE superestimaram o GPD, e não se mostraram adequados para predição do desempenho de tourinhos zebuínos.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance prediction by the CNCPS 5.0, NRC 2000 and BR-CORTE systems, as well as the average daily weight gain (ADG) and the carcass traits of young Zebu bulls. Fourty-four young bulls were used: 19 Nelore PO, 7 Nelore OB, 10 Tabapuã PO and 8 Guzerat PO, with initial body weight of 266, 236, 222 and 219 kg and initial average age of 9, 10, 8 and 8 months respectively. The experimental period was of 112 days. The individual intake was measured using markers (LIPE, chromic oxide and indigestible acid detergent fiber). The data on rib-eye area (REA), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) and rump fat thickness (P8) were obtained using ultrasonography. For the comparison of the estimated and observed ADG values, linear regression analysis was used. ADG, REA, SFT and P8 did not differ amongst the genetic groups. For the CNCPS 5.0 and NRC 2000 systems, the lowest ADG values predicted were estimated based on the available energy; for BR-CORTE, the lowest values were estimated based on available protein. The NRC 2000, CNCPS 5.0 and BR-CORTE systems overestimated the ADG, and were inadequate for predicting the performance of young Zebu bulls

Performance, carcass traits, meat quality and economic analysis of feedlot of young bulls fed oilseeds with and without supplementation of vitamin E

The objective of this research was to evaluate average daily gain (ADG), carcass traits, meat tenderness and profitability of keeping cattle fed different oilseeds and vitamin E in feedlot. A total of 40 Red Norte young bulls with initial average body weight of 339±15 kg were utilized. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The experiment lasted 84 days and experimental diets presented soybeans or cottonseeds as lipid sources associated or not to daily supplementation of 2,500 UI vitamin E per animal. The concentrate:roughage ratio was 60:40. Diets had the same amount of nitrogen (13% CP) and ether extract (6.5%). The data were analyzed by means of statistical software SAS 9.1. Neither vitamin supplementation nor lipid source affected ADG. There was no interaction between lipid source and vitamin supplementation for the variables studied. The inclusion of cottonseed reduced the carcass yield. There was no effect of diets on hot and cold carcass weights or prime cuts. The inclusion of cottonseed reduced the backfat thickness. No effect of experimental diets on the rib-eye area was observed. There was no effect of lipid source or vitamin supplementation on meat tenderness, which was affected, however, by ageing time. Diets with soybeans presented higher cost per animal. The utilization of soybean implied reduction of the gross margin (R$59.17 and R$ 60.51 for diets based on soy with and without supplemental vitamin, respectively, vs. R$176.42 and R$ 131.79 for diets based on cottonseed). The utilization of cottonseed enables improvement of profitability of feedlot fattening, in spite of negatively affecting some carcass characteristics