En famille au musée : Essai de mise en pratique dans la définition d’un espace d’exposition permanente

Depuis 1994, année d’ouverture de la Grande Galerie de l’Évolution (GGE), les études réalisées sur le site par l’Observatoire permanent des Publics révèlent une augmentation régulière de la proportion du public familial : de moins de 30 % du public individuel en 1995, celui-ci avoisine les 50 % depuis 2000. Cette tendance suit un mouvement actuel général dans les musées et justifie que ceux-ci portent une attention particulière au public familial. Parallèlement s’est révélé un certain manque..

La rétention des étrangers aux frontières françaises (partie 2)

LA RETENTION ADMINISTRATIVE L'article 35 bis de l'ordonnance du 2 novembre 1945 emploie, pour désigner la priva-tion de liberté des étrangers qu'il vise, les termes « maintenu » ou « maintien » — comme le fait l'article 35 quater —, et non ceux de « retenu » ou « rétention ». C'est pourtant de « réten-tion administrative » que l'on parle couramment. Le Conseil constitutionnel a, au demeurant, légitimé cette différence de vocabulaire en énonçant, dans sa décision du 25 février 1992, que le de..

La rétention des étrangers aux frontières françaises

Introduction Dans le vocabulaire juridique français, on ne parle pas de « détention » des étrangers aux frontières, mais de « rétention » ou de « maintien ». En effet, le terme « détention » est réservé à la pri-vation de liberté des personnes placés dans un établissement péniten-tiaire, soit pour y purger une condamnation pénale, soit en attente de jugement (détention provi-soire). Dans le cas des étrangers « retenus » ou « maintenus » aux frontières, il ne s'agit pas de sanctionner une inf..

OptPipe - a pipeline for optimizing metabolic engineering targets

International audienceBackground: We propose OptPipe-a Pipeline for Optimizing Metabolic Engineering Targets, based on a consensus approach. The method generates consensus hypotheses for metabolic engineering applications by combining several optimization solutions obtained from distinct algorithms. The solutions are ranked according to several objectives, such as biomass and target production, by using the rank product tests corrected for multiple comparisons. Results: OptPipe was applied in a genome-scale model of Corynebacterium glutamicum for maximizing malonyl-CoA, which is a valuable precursor for many phenolic compounds. In vivo experimental validation confirmed increased malonyl-CoA level in case of sdhCAB deletion, as predicted in silico. Conclusions: A method was developed to combine the optimization solutions provided by common knockout prediction procedures and rank the suggested mutants according to the expected growth rate, production and a new adaptability measure. The implementation of the pipeline along with the complete documentation is freely available at https://github.com/AndrasHartmann/OptPipe

Totoro: Identifying Active Reactions During the Transient State for Metabolic Perturbations

International audienceMotivation: The increasing availability of metabolomic data and their analysis are improving the understanding of cellular mechanisms and how biological systems respond to different perturbations. Currently, there is a need for novel computational methods that facilitate the analysis and integration of increasing volume of available data. Results: In this paper, we present Totoro a new constraint-based approach that integrates quantitative non-targeted metabolomic data of two different metabolic states into genome-wide metabolic models and predicts reactions that were most likely active during the transient state. We applied Totoro to real data of three different growth experiments (pulses of glucose, pyruvate, succinate) from Escherichia coli and we were able to predict known active pathways and gather new insights on the different metabolisms related to each substrate. We used both the E. coli core and the iJO1366 models to demonstrate that our approach is applicable to both smaller and larger networks. Availability: Totoro is an open source method (available at https://gitlab.inria.fr/erable/totoro ) suitable for any organism with an available metabolic model. It is implemented in C++ and depends on IBM CPLEX which is freely available for academic purposes

BacHBerry: BACterial Hosts for production of Bioactive phenolics from bERRY fruits

BACterial Hosts for production of Bioactive phenolics from bERRY fruits (BacHBerry) was a 3-year project funded by the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) of the European Union that ran between November 2013 and October 2016. The overall aim of the project was to establish a sustainable and economically-feasible strategy for the production of novel high-value phenolic compounds isolated from berry fruits using bacterial platforms. The project aimed at covering all stages of the discovery and pre-commercialization process, including berry collection, screening and characterization of their bioactive components, identification and functional characterization of the corresponding biosynthetic pathways, and construction of Gram-positive bacterial cell factories producing phenolic compounds. Further activities included optimization of polyphenol extraction methods from bacterial cultures, scale-up of production by fermentation up to pilot scale, as well as societal and economic analyses of the processes. This review article summarizes some of the key findings obtained throughout the duration of the project

Problèmes juridiques relatifs au contrôle de l'administration au Chili

Julien-Laferrière François. Problèmes juridiques relatifs au contrôle de l'administration au Chili. In: Revue internationale de droit comparé. Vol. 22 N°2, Avril-juin 1970. pp. 341-357