ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Remoção dos corantes Reactive Blue 21 e Direct Red 80 utilizando resíduos de sementes de Mabea fistulifera Mart. como biossorvente

Neste estudo empregou-se resíduos de Mabea fistulifera Mart. como bioadsorvente para a remoção dos corantes Reactive Blue 21 (RB 21) e Direct Red 80 (DR 80) em soluções aquosas e em amostras de efluentes reais fortificados com estes corantes. Foram investigados os ensaios da influência do pH, cinéticos e adsortivos para a remoção dos corantes por meio de uma série de experimentos de batelada. O bioadsorvente exibiu máxima adsorção em pH = 2,0 para ambos os corantes. O tempo de equilíbrio da adsorção foi estabelecido em 300 minutos para o DR 80 e 120 minutos para o RB 21. O modelo de Langmuir descreveu com maior fidelidade o comportamento do sistema sortivo, apresentando coeficiente de determinação (R 2 ) superior a 0,98. Por meio da Isoterma de Langmuir, foi possível obter a capacidade máxima de adsorção dos corantes Direct Red 80 e Reactive Blue 21 pelo bioadsorvente sendo encontrados os valores de 4,92 mg g-1 e 11,13 mg g-1 , respectivamente. O modelo cinético de pseudo-segunda ordem melhor descreveu o processo de adsorção do corante RB 21 sob o bioadsorvente, embora a difusão intra-partícula também esteja envolvida no mecanismo de adsorção. Já para o corante DR 80 o modelo de difusão de Morris e Weber sugeriu que a difusão intra-partícula é predominante em todo o processo de adsorção. Depois de otimizadas as condições adsortivas, o bioadsorvente foi empregado a amostras de efluentes têxteis reais fortificadas com soluções aquosas dos corantes, obtendo-se 85 % de remoção do RB 21 e 94 % de remoção do DR 80 na matriz do efluente.BRResidues of Mabea fistulifera Mart. were used in this study as a bioadsorbent for the removal of the Reactive Blue 21 (RB 21) and Direct Red 80 (DR 80) dyes from aqueous solutions and samples of real effluents enriched with these dyes. The influence of pH, kinetic, and adsorptive parameters for the removal these dyes were investigated by conducting a series of batch experiments. The maximum adsorption using this bioadsorbent was observed at pH = 2.0 for both dyes. The time of adsorption equilibrium was established at 300 minutes for DR 80 and 120 minutes for RB 21. The Langmuir model stood out because it described the behavior of the sorptive system with higher fidelity than the Freundlich model showing the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) above 0.98. It was possible to obtain the maximum adsorption capacity of the bioadsorbent, for the Direct Red 80 and Reactive Blue 21 dyes, using the Langmuir Isotherm; these values were determined as 4.92 mg g -1 and 11.13 mg g -1 , respectively. The pseudo-second order kinetic model best described the adsorption process of the RB 21 dye by the bioadsorbent, however, the intra-particle diffusion is also involved in the mechanism of adsorption. The Morris and Weber diffusion model suggested that the intra- particle diffusion is prevalent throughout the process of adsorption for the DR 80 dye. The bioadsorbent was employed on real textile effluent samples enriched with aqueous solutions of these dyes after the adsorptive conditions were optimized; 85 % RB 21 and 94 % DR 80 removal rates were obtained from the effluent’s matrix

Ex situ conservation of threatened plants in Brazil: a strategic plan to achieve Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation

Abstract With increasing rates of habitat destruction and species loss, ex situ conservation is gaining global momentum and reluctance in relying on ex situ conservation is rapidly giving way to a more optimistic, strategic view. Target 8 of the Global Strategy of Plant Conservation calls for at least 75 percent of threatened plant species in accessible ex situ collections, preferably in the country of origin, and 20 percent of them included in recovery and restoration programs. Here, we provide updated information on Brazil's progress towards Target 8 through a nationwide examination of how many threatened species were conserved in ex situ collections in Brazil. Our data comprised whole plants (living collections), seed (seed banks) and tissue cultures (in vitro). Of the 2,113 threatened species, at least 452 (21.4%) species were conserved in ex situ collections, an increase in 4% of living organisms and 96% of seeds when compared to a previous assessment. Since it is unlikely Brazil will achieve Target 8 by 2020, we also discuss public policies and strategies to help overcome key bottlenecks preventing its achievement and propose revised goals for the GSPC 2020-2030

Avaliação sensorial da carne de cordeiros machos e fêmeas Texel × Corriedale terminados em diferentes sistemas Sensory evaluation of meat lambs from males and femeles Texel × Corriedale finished in different systems

O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do sexo e de três sistemas de terminação nas características sensoriais da carne de cordeiros Texel × Corriedale e na aceitação da carne pelo consumidor. Foram utilizados 90 animais, 45 cordeiros machos não-castrados e 45 fêmeas mantidos em pastagem até o desmame (70 dias) e terminados em três sistemas de produção: pastagem; pastagem ao pé da mãe; e pastagem com suplementação (casca de soja em nível correspondente a 1% do peso vivo dos cordeiros). Após o abate, as carcaças foram armazenadas em câmara fria, com ar forçado, a 1ºC, durante 24 horas, para retirada do músculo longissimus dorsi, que foi congelado a -18ºC para análise sensorial. A caracterização sensorial da carne foi realizada por meio da análise descritiva quantitativa: 22 termos descritivos foram desenvolvidos por uma equipe de julgadores selecionados, que geraram também a definição de cada termo e as amostras-referência. Foi realizado um teste de aceitação utilizando escala hedônica híbrida de nove pontos. A carne dos machos e dos animais terminados em pastagem ao pé da mãe caracterizou-se pelo odor e sabor residual mais suaves de carne ovina e gordura, menor maciez e maior mastigabilidade em comparação à das fêmeas e dos animais terminados nos demais sistemas. As carnes dos cordeiros terminados nos sistemas de pastagem e de pastagem com suplementação são semelhantes quanto aos aspectos sensoriais. A carne é igualmente aceita pelos consumidores, independentemente do sexo e do sistema de terminação, apresentando boa aceitação.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of sex and of three finishing systems on sensory traits of Texel × Corriedale lamb meat an on the consumer acceptance of the meat. It was used 90 animals, 45 non-castrated male lambs and 45 females kept on pasture until weaning (70 days of age) and finished in three production systems: pasture, pasture with mother, and pasture with supplementation (soybean hull corresponding to 1% of life weight of the lambs). After slaughter, carcasses were stored in cold chamber, with forced air at 1ºC until reaching 24 hours for removal of longissimus dorsi muscle which had been frozen at -18ºC for sensory analysis. Meat sensorial characterization was performed by quantitative descriptive analyses: 22 descriptive terms were developed by a team of selected judges who also created the definition for each term and the reference-samples. Acceptability test was performed by using a nine-point hybrid hedonic scale. Meat of male animals and of animals finished in pasture with the mother was characterized by the flavor and softer residual taste sheep meat and fat, less softness and higher chewiness in comparison to the meat of female and of animals finished in the other systems. Meat of lambs finished in pasture systems and pasture with supplementation were similar regarding to sensory aspects. Meat was equally accepted by the consumers, regardless of sex and finishing system, presenting good acceptability