Trichomes and Allelochemicals in Tomato Genotypes Have Antagonistic Effects Upon Behavior and Biology of Tetranychus urticae

Tomato genotypes selected for their high foliar zingiberene (ZGB) contents in a segregating F2 population were assessed to determine their effect on behavior and biology of Tetranychus urticae Koch, the putative resistance mechanisms involved and the role of trichomes on that resistance. Genotypes with contrasting ZGB content (RVTZ-09 = low ZGB, RVTZ-79 = high ZGB, RVTZ-142 = high ZGB, and RVTZ-331 = high ZGB) were selected from an interspecific cross between wild S. habrochaites var. hirsutum accession PI-127826 (high ZGB content and resistant to mites) and S. lycopersicum cv. Redenção (low ZGB content and susceptible to mites). To determine the effect of these genotypes on mite behavior and biology, free- and no-choice tests, as well as biological studies were performed. Types and densities of trichomes on the foliar surface and their correlation with ZGB contents was determined. Genotypes rich in ZGB (RVTZ-79, RVTZ-142, and RVTZ-331) presented a high number of types IV and VI glandular trichomes, and both type IV and VI densities were positively correlated with ZGB content. In the free-choice test, T. urticae showed a high preference toward S. lycopersicum cv. Redenção and the genotype RVTZ-09 (low ZGB content), whereas, genotypes with high ZBG content were less preferred. Moreover, on high ZGB genotypes, increase in the egg incubation period and in total mortality of nymphs, and decrease of fecundity rate were observed, indicating deleterious effects in mite biology. Results indicated that high ZGB/high glandular trichome densities genotypes present both non-preference and antibiosis mechanisms of resistance to the mite

Temporal abundance of Aedes aegypti in Manaus, Brazil, measured by two trap types for adult mosquitoes

A longitudinal study was conducted in Manaus, Brazil, to monitor changes of adult Aedes aegypti (L.) abundance. The objectives were to compare mosquito collections of two trap types, to characterise temporal changes of the mosquito population, to investigate the influence of meteorological variables on mosquito collections and to analyse the association between mosquito collections and dengue incidence. Mosquito monitoring was performed fortnightly using MosquiTRAPs (MQT) and BG-Sentinel (BGS) traps between December 2008-June 2010. The two traps revealed opposing temporal infestation patterns, with highest mosquito collections of MQTs during the dry season and highest collections of BGS during the rainy seasons. Several meteorological variables were significant predictors of mosquito collections in the BGS. The best predictor was the relative humidity, lagged two weeks (in a positive relationship). For MQT, only the number of rainy days in the previous week was significant (in a negative relationship). The correlation between monthly dengue incidence and mosquito abundance in BGS and MQT was moderately positive and negative, respectively. Catches of BGS traps reflected better the dynamic of dengue incidence. The findings help to understand the effects of meteorological variables on mosquito infestation indices of two different traps for adult dengue vectors in Manaus

Aplicação complementar de enxofre em diferentes doses na cultura do alho.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adubação complementar com enxofre elementar sobre a produtividade de bulbos em três cultivares de alho, bem como seu efeito em diversas caracteristicas ligadas à morfologia e crescimento do bulbo e da planta.Made available in DSpace on 2012-02-11T00:02:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HB29n2p217a221.pdf: 369305 bytes, checksum: 4b6bac77ed28d63480c661537e3fbc14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-01201

Phenology and agronomic components of first and second-cycle strawberry

Several strawberry growers have cultivated the same plants for two consecutive cycles aiming a greater economic return after seedling transplant. However, the phenological development and the agronomic potential of second-cycle strawberry have to be estimated. This research was installed to estimate the thermal need, leaf appearance rate, phyllochron and yield of strawberry cultivars in two consecutive crop cycles in the region of the Third Planalto Paranaense. Cultivars Camarosa, Camino Real, Albion, Aromas, Monterrey and San Andreas were evaluated in the first and second growing cycles using completely randomized blocks and four replications. Leaf appearance rate was estimated by linear regression coefficient between the number of leaves and the accumulated thermal sum. Phyllochron was estimated by the inverse of regression coefficient. Aromas was the only cultivar with an increased fruit production in the second cycle. On the contrary, there was a considerable reduction of production for ‘Camino Real’, ‘Albion’, ‘Monterrey’ and ‘San Andreas’ in that same cycle. The highest number and mass of marketable fruits of the second and first cycles were observed for ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Camino Real’, respectively. In the second crop cycle, strawberry cultivars required a lower thermal sum to begin flowering and fruit harvest. The plants presented a higher leaf appearance rate and low phyllochron values.Em busca de maior retorno econômico após o transplantio das mudas, muitos produtores de morango têm feito o cultivo por dois ciclos consecutivos. No entanto, há necessidade de estimar o desenvolvimento fenológico e avaliar o potencial agronômico do morangueiro nesse sistema. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a necessidade térmica, a taxa de aparecimento foliar, o filocrono e a produtividade de cultivares de morangueiro no segundo ciclo de cultivo, em comparação ao primeiro, na região do Terceiro Planalto Paranaense. Avaliaram-se as cultivares Camarosa, Camino Real, Albion, Aromas, Monterrey e San Andreas, utilizando o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso e com quatro repetições. A taxa de aparecimento foliar foi estimada a partir do coeficiente angular da regressão linear entre o número de folhas e a soma térmica acumulada, enquanto o filocrono foi estimado pelo inverso do coeficiente angular da regressão. Observou-se que Aromas foi a única cultivar que aumentou a produção de frutos no segundo ciclo. Ao contrário, nesse mesmo ciclo houve considerável redução da produção para ‘Camino Real’, ‘Albion’, ‘Monterrey’ e ‘San Andreas’. Destacaram-se com maior número e massa de frutos comerciais do segundo e primeiro ciclo, ‘Camarosa’ e ‘Camino Real’, respectivamente. No segundo ciclo de cultivo, as cultivares de morangueiro necessitaram menor soma térmica acumulada para iniciar o florescimento e colheita dos frutos e, apresentaram maior taxa de aparecimento foliar e menores valores de filocrono

Resposta de plantas de alho livres de vírus ao nitrogênio em ambiente protegido Nitrogen fertilization in garlic free of virus cultivated in protected environment

A adubação nitrogenada associada ao uso de bulbos isentos de vírus contribui para o aumento de produtividade e qualidade do alho, fato que pode incentivar o produtor rural a investir na cultura, pois garante maior retorno econômico. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o índice relativo de clorofila, estado nutricional, a produção total e comercial do alho livre de vírus e a correlação entre essas variáveis em função de doses de nitrogênio. O experimento foi instalado sob condições de ambiente protegido de maio a setembro de 2006, utilizando o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com seis repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram da aplicação em cobertura de doses crescentes de N (0, 20, 40, 80, 160 e 320 kg ha-1), utilizando como fonte o nitrato de amônio, na proporção de 25% da dose no estádio de 3 a 4 folhas, 25% antes da formação dos bulbilhos e 50% após a diferenciação. O aumento das doses de N resultou em maior índice relativo de clorofila, aumentou a absorção de N e reduziu absorção de P e K nas folhas, proporcionou maior produtividade total e comercial, sem que ocorresse pseudoperfilhamento.<br>Nitrogen fertilization associated to the utilization of bulb free of virus enhances garlic yield and quality and it can incentive growers to invest in the crop whereas it allows a better economic return. The aim of this research was to evaluate the relative chlorophyll index (RCI), plant nutrition and total and commercial garlic yield and verify the correlation among these variables in relation to nitrogen fertilization. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse from May to September 2006. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with six replications. The treatments were application of crescent levels of nitrogen corresponding to 0, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 kg N ha-1. The N source was ammonium nitrate; 25% of the dose was applied when plants presented 3 or 4 leaves, 25% when plants presented 5 or 6 leaves, and 50% after the differentiation. The application of crescent levels of nitrogen proportioned higher relative chlorophyll index (RCI), increased the N content and reduced P and K content in leaves, enhanced total and commercial yield without secondary growth