À margem do abismo: uma interpretação poetológica de "Zürich, zum Storchen", de Paul Celan

The poem "Zurich, zum Storchen" by Paul Celan is often read as a document on the tension between Celan and Nelly Sachs, which resulted particularly from their different attitudes to the Shoah. However if the poem is read in connection with the cycle "Die Niemandsrose" and with Celan’s poetological thinking at this time, Celan’s opposite standpoint means much more than a theological discussion: it serves for the affirmation of human presence.Das Gedicht "Zürich, zum Storchen" von Paul Celan wird oft als Zeugnis der Spannung zwischen ihm und Nelly Sachs gelesen, die vor allem durch die verschiedenen Einstellungen bezüglich der Schoah entstanden ist. Wird aber das Gedicht im Zusammenhang mit dem Zyklus "Die Niemandsrose" und mit der poetologischen Reflexion gelesen, die Celan zu dieser Zeit beschäftigte, dann geht Celans Gegenposition weit über eine theologische Diskussion hinaus: Sie gilt der Behauptung der menschlichen Präsenz

"Vielleicht Hoffnung" : noch ein Versuch über Paul Celans Sprachgitter

Paul Celan often reflects over the possibility of realising, recognising, and "knowing" an Other and Reality through poetry. In so doing, he locates his poetry within the cognitive realm. From this perspective the poem "Sprachgitter" as well as the metaphor of "Sprachgitter" – which determines Celan's understanding of language in the late 1950s – can be further interpreted. In this essay, the poem "Sprachgitter" is interpreted as a process of recognition, realised through two actions: concentration and opening. Other poetological texts and letters of Paul Celan will be analysed from this perspective.Freqüentemente Paul Celan reflete sobre a possibilidade de compreender, perceber, conhecer um outro e a realidade através da poesia. Assim, ele localiza sua poesia no âmbito cognitivo. Dessa perspectiva, o poema "Sprachgitter" – como também a metáfora "Sprachgitter", que determina a compreensão celaniana da língua no final dos anos 50 – pode ser novamente interpretado. No presente artigo, o poema "Sprachgitter" é interpretado como um processo de conhecimento que se realiza em dois movimentos: concentração e abertura. Outros textos poetológicos, bem como cartas de Paul Celan, serão analisados sob essa perspectiva

[Rezension zu:] Otto Holzapfel, Lieblose Lieder. Und fragst Du mich, was mit der Liebe sei - Das 'sozialkritische' Liebeslied. Bern, Berlin, Frankfurt etc.: Peter Lang Verlag 1997 (190 S., DM 61,00, ISBN 3-906757-94-3)

Rezension zu Otto Holzapfel, Lieblose Lieder. Und fragst Du mich, was mit der Liebe sei - Das 'sozialkritische' Liebeslied. Bern, Berlin, Frankfurt etc.: Peter Lang Verlag 1997 (190 S., DM 61,00, ISBN 3-906757-94-3

Dramáticas passagens

Rezension zu Krausz, Luis S. Passagens. Literatura judaico-alemã entre gueto e metrópole. São Paulo: EDUSP/FAPESP, 2012. 459p

Native Small Mammal Use of an Invasive Grass: Heermann\u27s kangaroo rats (Dipodomys heermanni) and Veldt grass (Ehrharta calycina) in Coastal California

Invasive species are generally regarded as detrimental to native communities because they cause increased competition and community structure alterations. There is therefore a critical need to understand the ecological processes underlying the establishment and spread of invasive species. While most studies to date have focused on the role of competition in species invasions, trophic dynamics may also play a fundamental role in the establishment and spread of non-natives, especially in cases when a non-native species experiences differential predation pressure relative to a native competitor. Herein I explore the potential for differential granivory pressure by a native rodent (Heermann’s kangaroo rat, Dipodomys heermanni arenae) on native shrubs and an invasive plant (Veldt grass, Ehrharta calycina). Veldt grass, a perennial tufted grass native to South Africa and introduced to California in 1929, is highly invasive, and the shift of native coastal dune scrub to a grassland, dominated by Veldt grass, is considered one of the factors that led to the decline of the federally endangered Morro Bay kangaroo rat. However, kangaroo rats are largely graminivores (consume grass seed) and are known to consume invasive grasses and other plants. Differential seed preferences for native and Veldt seed were examined by placing feeding stations containing each seed type in habitats dominated by either native plants or Veldt grass. Each feeding station was monitored using motion-activated game cameras and the amount of each seed type collected by nineteen individually-marked, wild kangaroo rats was documented. These marked kangaroo rats were monitored both in native and Veldt grass habitats, allowing for the testing of habitat origin (Native vs. Veldt), sex (male or female) and seed type on the amount of seed taken. Nine of the kangaroo rats harvested Veldt grass seed. Though females collected more seed than males, there was no difference between the amounts (% of available seed) of Veldt grass and native seed collected. Habitat of origin (i.e., habitats with Veldt grass present or habitats without Veldt grass) had no effect on the amount of seed collected or the type of seed collected. During seed station trials, kangaroo rats were also recorded removing seed heads from naturally occurring Veldt grass stalks, providing clear documentation that Heermann’s kangaroo rats do collect Veldt grass seed. Accompanying laboratory seed preference trials were also conducted to confirm the consumption of Veldt grass seed. These controlled laboratory trials revealed that Heermann’s kangaroo rats will consume Veldt grass seed, although Veldt grass seed was consumed in smaller amounts (g) than millet and sunflower seed, which were presented simultaneously. These findings indicate that non-native Veldt grass may provide an additional or alternative source of seed for kangaroo rats, which could provide a partial explanation for why kangaroo rats are able to survive in monocultures of Veldt grass

Model Atmospheres for Irradiated Giant Stars: Implications for the Galactic Center

Irradiation of a stellar atmosphere by an external source (e.g. an AGN) changes its structure and therefore its spectrum. Using a state-of-the-art stellar atmosphere code, we calculate the infrared spectra of such irradiated and transformed stars. We show that the original spectrum of the star, which is dominated by molecular bands, changes dramatically when irradiated even by a low-luminosity AGN ($L_{\rm X} = 10^{33}$ erg s$^{-1}$), becoming dominated by atomic lines in absorption. We study the changes in the spectrum of low-mass carbon- and oxygen-rich giant stars as they are irradiated by a modest AGN, similar to the one at the Galactic center (GC). The resulting spectra are similar to those of the faintest S-cluster stars observed in the GC. The spectrum of a star irradiated by a much brighter AGN, like that powered by a tidally disrupted star, is very different from that of any star currently observed near the GC. For the first time we have discovered that the structure of the atmosphere of an irradiated giant changes dramatically and induces a double inversion layer. We show that irradiation at the current level can explain the observed trend of CO band intensities decreasing as a function of increasing proximity to Sg $A^{*}$. This may indicate that (contrary to previous claims) there is no paucity of old giants in the GC, which coexist simultaneously with young massive stars.Comment: Submitted to ApJ; typo in name correcte

Factors influencing transfusion-associated HLA sensitization in patients bridged to heart transplantation using ventricular assist device.

BackgroundBridging heart failure patients with mechanical ventricular assist devices (VAD) enables access to transplantation. However, VAD is associated with increased risk for anti-HLA antibodies associated with rejection of subsequent allografts. Factors determining alloantibody formation in these patients remain undefined.MethodsWe performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of 164 patients undergoing heart transplantation from 2014 to 2017. Medical records including use of VAD, transfused blood products, anti-HLA antibody testing, crossmatch, and time to transplant were evaluated.ResultsPatients received an average of 13.8 red blood cell and 1.9 single-donor platelet units associated with VAD. There was a 28.7% increase in the incidence of anti-HLA antibodies after VAD. Development of anti-HLA antibodies did not correlate with volume or type of blood products, but with pre-VAD HLA sensitization status; relative risk of new alloantibodies in patients with pre-VAD antibodies was 3.5-fold higher than those without prior antibodies (P = .008). Development of new anti-HLA antibodies was associated with an increased time to transplant (169 vs 330 days, P = .013).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the presence of anti-HLA antibodies pre-VAD was the most significant risk factor for developing additional antibodies post-VAD, suggesting that a subset of patients may be predisposed to alloantibody formation