239 research outputs found
Vermögensverteilung nach Geschlecht in Österreich und Deutschland: Eine Studie auf der Personenebene
Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die zentralen Ergebnisse der Studie zur Vermögensverteilung
zwischen Frauen und Männern auf Personenebene in Österreich vorgestellt. Es
wurden bereits zahlreiche Studien zu den Themen der Einkommensverteilung und dem
geschlechtsspezifischen Lohnunterschied publiziert, die Analyse von Vermögensunterschieden
zwischen Geschlechtern stand bisher allerdings nicht im Zentrum der Betrachtung.
Dabei ist gerade Vermögen ein wesentlich umfassenderes Maß für den Wohlstand
eines Haushalts bzw. Individuums. Die Untersuchung der geschlechtsspezifischen Vermögenslücke
erfolgt im Rahmen der Studie zum ersten Mal für Österreich anhand von Individualdaten
aus dem "Household Finance and Consumption Survey" (HFCS) 2014. Die Analyseergebnisse
zeigen, dass das Nettovermögen innerhalb von Paarhaushalten ungleich
verteilt ist und eine geschlechtsspezifische Vermögensdifferenz zulasten der Frauen existiert.
In österreichischen Paarhaushalten kann im Durchschnitt ein Gender Wealth Gap in
Höhe von 58.417 A ermittelt werden. Frauen in Paarhaushalten besitzen demnach um 28%
weniger Vermögen als Männer. Dieser Artikel analysiert des Weiteren Unterschiede hinsichtlich
Nettovermögen von Frauen und Männern in Paar- und Single-Haushalten anhand
von Haushaltsstruktur und Entscheidungsmacht
How many species of mite-harvestmen (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) are there in Austria?
Der bodenbewohnende Milbenkanker Cyphophthalmus duricorius Joseph, 1868 (Fam. Sironidae) galt mehr als 60 Jahre lang als die einzige in Österreich vorkommende Art der Weberknecht-Unterordnung Cyphophthalmi. Neuere Aufsammlungen zeigen jedoch, dass mindestens zwei weitere Cyphophthalmi-Arten in Österreich existieren: 1) Siro cf. crassus Novak & Giribet, 2006 wurde an einer Lokalität in der SW Steiermark nahe der slowenischen Grenze gefunden und repräsentiert eine zweite Gattung von Sironiden in Österreich. 2) Ein weiterer, morphologisch distinkter Sironide („Sironidae gen. et sp. nov.?“) − derzeit noch unbeschrieben und taxonomisch nicht zugeordnet − stammt aus Böden im Grenzgebiet Steiermark-Kärnten. Obwohl bislang kein syntopes Vorkommen belegt ist, können alle drei Arten in einem kleinen Areal von wenigen Quadratkilometern gefunden werden.For the last 60 years, the mite-harvestman Cyphophthalmus duricorius Joseph, 1868, a soil-dwelling sironid, has been considered to be the only representative of the opilionid suborder Cyphophthalmi in Austria. However, novel data from recent collections confirm the presence of at least two further Austrian cyphophthalmid species. (1) Siro cf. crassus Novak & Giribet, 2006 occurs in at least one location in SW Styria near the Slovenian border and hence represents a member of a second genus of Austrian sironids. (2) A further morphologically distinct sironid (“Sironidae gen. et sp. nov.?”) – so far undescribed and systematically not placed in detail – was collected in the borderland between Styria and Carinthia. All three species can be found in a small area of a few square-kilometers; although no syntopic occurrence was recorded
The Readiness of Water Molecules to Split into Hydrogen + Oxygen: A Proposed New Aspect of Water Splitting
The potential of the anode, at which the evolution of oxygen begins, is a key parameter that describes how well water is split in water electrolyzers. Research efforts related to electrocatalytically initiated water splitting that aim at reducing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotential to date focus on the optimization of materials used to produce the electrodes. Descriptors for the readiness of the H2O molecule itself to break down into its components have not been considered in water electrolysis experiments so far. In a simple set of experiments, it is found that adding dioxane to aqueous solutions leads to a substantial blueshift of the frequency of the O-H stretch vibration which is a sign of an increased strength of the O-H bond (intramolecular bonding). This phenomenon coincides with a significant increase in the OER onset potential as derived from cyclic voltammetry experiments. Thus, the O-H stretch frequency can be an ideal indicator for the readiness of water molecules to be split in its cleavage products. This is thought to be first example of a study into the relationship between structural features of water as derived from Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopic studies and key results derived from water electrolysis experiments
Diagnostics of new species of Neotropical Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera), with the first record of Coptotriche Walshingham from South America
We describe seven new Neotropical species of Tischeriidae: Astrotischeria dondavisi Stonis & Diškus, sp. nov., A. bacchariphaga Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., A. guatemalica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., A. sanjosei Stonis & Diškus, sp. nov., A. truncata Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., Coptotriche parvisacculata Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. and C. carmencita Stonis & Diškus, sp. nov. We report the discovery of Coptotriche Walsingham in South America and provide the following new host-plant records for the Neotropical Tischeriidae: Terminalia australis Cambess. (Combretaceae), Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., and B. emarginata (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. (Asteraceae). We update the biology of Astrotischeria ochrimaculosa Diškus, Stonis & Vargas with the discovery that Wissadula (Malvaceae) is a new, verified host plant. The new species are illustrated with photographs of the adults, male and, if available, female genitalia, and the leaf mines. We expect broader distributions of tisheriid species in South America inferred from known host-plant distributions.Fil: Stonis, Jonas R.. Vytautas Magnus University; LituaniaFil: Diskus, Arunas. Vytatutas Magnus University; LituaniaFil: Remeikis, Andrius. Nature Research Centre and Baltic-American Biotaxonomy Institute; LituaniaFil: Katinas, Liliana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División de Plantas Vasculares; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Nixon Cumbicus. Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja; EcuadorFil: Schuster, Jack. Universidad del Valle de Guatemala; GuatemalaFil: Puplesyte Chambers, Julia. No especifíca
Identification and simulation of surface alpha events on passivated surfaces of germanium detectors and the influence of metalisation
Events from alpha interactions on the surfaces of germanium detectors are a
major contribution to the background in germanium-based searches for
neutrinoless double-beta decay. Surface events are subject to charge trapping,
affecting their pulse shape and reconstructed energy. A study of alpha events
on the passivated end-plate of a segmented true-coaxial n-type high-purity
germanium detector is presented. Charge trapping is analysed in detail and an
existing pulse-shape analysis technique to identify alpha events is verified
with mirror pulses observed in the non-collecting channels of the segmented
test detector. The observed radial dependence of charge trapping confirms
previous results. A dependence of the probability of charge trapping on the
crystal axes is observed for the first time. A first model to describe charge
trapping effects within the framework of the simulation software
SolidStateDetectors.jl is introduced. The influence of metalisation on events
from low-energy gamma interactions close to the passivated surface is also
presented
Temperature Dependence of the Electron-Drift Anisotropy and Implications for the Electron-Drift Model
The electron drift in germanium detectors is modeled making many assumptions.
Confronted with data, these assumptions have to be revisited. The temperature
dependence of the drift of electrons was studied in detail for an n-type
segmented point-contact germanium detector. The detector was mounted in a
temperature controlled, electrically cooled cryostat. Surface events were
induced with collimated 81 keV photons from a Ba source. A detailed
analysis of the rise time of pulses collected in surface scans, performed at
different temperatures, is presented. The longitudinal anisotropy of the
electron drift decreases with rising temperature. A new approach, making use of
designated rise-time windows determined by simulations using
SolidStateDetectors.jl, was used to isolate the longitudinal drift of electrons
along different axes to quantify this observation. The measured temperature
dependence of the longitudinal drift velocities combined with the standard
electron drift model as widely used in relevant simulation packages results in
unphysical predictions. A first suggestion to modify the electron-drift model
is motivated and described. The results of a first implementation of the
modified model in SolidStateDetectors.jl are shown. They describe the data
reasonably well. A general review of the model and the standard input values
for mobilities is suggested
Stanford University's Submissions to the WMT 2014 Translation Task
We describe Stanford’s participation in the French-English and English-Germa
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