Eigenvalue conditions for induced subgraphs

Necessary conditions for an undirected graph G to contain a graph H as induced subgraph involving the smallest ordinary or the largest normalized Laplacian eigenvalue of G are presented

Branded Selves

Branded Selves – einer Zeiterscheinung der neuen Medien. Verschiedene film- und medienwissenschaftliche Thesen werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit miteinander verknüpft; die Mediengeschichte spielt darin eine große Rolle, ebenso wie der medienökonomische Faktor. Um die Entwicklung der Influencer betrachten zu können, wird ein Bezug zu den früheren Hollywoodstars hergestellt. Den früheren Stars haftete etwas unnahbares und faszinierendes an, Beschreibungskriterien die in der Theorie veranschaulicht werden. Auch der Zusammenhang mit der Medienökonomie war bei dem damaligen Starsystem ein wichtiger Faktor, die Vorgehensweise war aber nicht so offensichtlich wie bei den heutigen Branded Selves. Der Wandel in der Medienwelt wird in dieser Arbeit kritisch begutachtet. Dabei ist ein kurzer, geschichtlicher, Rückblick unumgänglich. Durch die Veränderung der Medien und der Technik änderten sich auch bestimmte wissenschaftliche Betrachtungsweisen. Die Rolle zwischen Sender und Empfänger wurde verschoben, bzw. aufgehoben. Der direkte Kontakt und der Dialog mit dem Gegenüber rückt heute mehr in den Vordergrund. Die neuen Medien ermöglichen einen Austausch zwischen den Rezipienten und bringen so eine neue Medienästhetik hervor. Die Branded Selves - auf Online Plattformen, sind das große Thema der aktuellen Zeit. Nicht nur in wissenschaftlichem sondern auch wirtschaftlichem Bezug. Sie präsentieren sich selbst, stellen das Private in die Öffentlichkeit, schaffen einen direkten Austausch mit ihren Fans und symbolisieren, sowohl aus sozialem, wie auch aus medientechnischem Blickwinkel, die heutige Welt und das Web 2.0

Eigenvalue Conditions for Induced Subgraphs

Necessary conditions for an undirected graph G to contain a graph H as induced subgraph involving the smallest ordinary or the largest normalized Laplacian eigenvalue of G are presented

Extracellular Vesicles: Packages Sent With Complement

Cells communicate with other cells in their microenvironment by transferring lipids, peptides, RNA, and sugars in extracellular vesicles (EVs), thereby also influencing recipient cell functions. Several studies indicate that these vesicles are involved in a variety of critical cellular processes including immune, metabolic, and coagulatory responses and are thereby associated with several inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, EVs also possess anti-inflammatory properties and contribute to immune regulation, thus encouraging an emerging interest in investigating and clarifying mechanistic links between EVs and innate immunity. Current studies indicate complex interactions of the complement system with EVs, with a dramatic influence on local and systemic inflammation. During inflammatory conditions with highly activated complement, including after severe tissue trauma and during sepsis, elevated numbers of EVs were found in the circulation of patients. There is increasing evidence that these shed vesicles contain key complement factors as well as complement regulators on their surface, affecting inflammation and the course of disease. Taken together, interaction of EVs regulates complement activity and contributes to the pro- and anti-inflammatory immune balance. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this interaction remain elusive and require further investigation. The aim of this review is to summarize the limited current knowledge on the crosstalk between complement and EVs. A further aspect is the clinical relevance of EVs with an emphasis on their capacity as potential therapeutic vehicles in the field of translational medicine

Complement C5a Alters the Membrane Potential of Neutrophils during Hemorrhagic Shock

Background. Polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) play a crucial role in host defense. Physiologically, exposure of PMN to the complement activation product C5a results in a protective response against pathogens, whereas in the case of systemic inflammation, excessive C5a substantially impairs neutrophil functions. To further elucidate the inability of PMN to properly respond to C5a, this study investigates the role of the cellular membrane potential of PMN in response to C5a. Methods. Electrophysiological changes in cellular and mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular pH of PMN from human healthy volunteers were determined by flow cytometry after exposure to C5a. Furthermore, PMN from male Bretoncelles-Meishan-Willebrand cross-bred pigs before and three hours after severe hemorrhagic shock were analyzed for their electrophysiological response. Results. PMN showed a significant dose- and time-dependent depolarization in response to C5a with a strong response after one minute. The chemotactic peptide fMLP also evoked a significant shift in the membrane potential of PMN. Acidification of the cellular microenvironment significantly enhanced depolarization of PMN. In a clinically relevant model of porcine hemorrhagic shock, the C5a-induced changes in membrane potential of PMN were markedly diminished compared to healthy littermates. Overall, these membrane potential changes may contribute to PMN dysfunction in an inflammatory environment