Inheritance of isoenzymes and soluble proteins in grape varieties and F1 hybrids

The aim or our experiments was to verify the existence of a genetically interpretable molecular polymorphism in several grape varieties and their F1 hybrids, which we can employ for genetical and ampelographical characterization. In addition, we also programmed the progress of investigation methods. The authors present protein and enzyme analysis of two pairs of parents, Pearl of Csaba x S. V. 12375 and Saperavi x Blaufrankisch, and of ten other cultivars and several F1 progenies. The best experimental results for genetic markers can be gained when shoot and callus samples are collected at the end of winter, in February, at the same time. Spring shoot collection is less effective because of high chlorophyll contents, and must and wine samples are less suitable due to their microbial contamination. The esterase enzyme group gives well reproducible, characteristically differentiated patterns. The enzyme patterns of parental varieties typically segregate in individual progenies, hence they prove to be good markers

Effectiveness of Parameters in Quantifying Root Canal Morphology Change after Instrumentation with the Aid of a Microcomputed Tomography

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GMAP is an Atg8a-interacting protein that regulates Golgi turnover In Drosophila

Selective autophagy receptors and adapters contain short linear motifs called LIR motifs (LC3-interacting region), which are required for the interaction with the Atg8-family proteins. LIR motifs bind to the hydrophobic pockets of the LIR motif docking site (LDS) of the respective Atg8-family proteins. The physiological significance of LDS docking sites has not been clarified in vivo. Here, we show that Atg8a-LDS mutant Drosophila flies accumulate autophagy substrates and have reduced lifespan. Using quantitative proteomics to identify the proteins that accumulate in Atg8a-LDS mutants, we identify the cis-Golgi protein GMAP (Golgi microtubule-associated protein) as a LIR motif-containing protein that interacts with Atg8a. GMAP LIR mutant flies exhibit accumulation of Golgi markers and elongated Golgi morphology. Our data suggest that GMAP mediates the turnover of Golgi by selective autophagy to regulate its morphology and size via its LIR motif-mediated interaction with Atg8a