Az élethez való jog néhány jogelméleti kérdéséről

Nowadays in vitro fertilisation raises relevant controversies at the point of view of jurisprudence as well. The distinct approximations of in vitro embryos, such as to be considered as personae or objects, are also resources of several theoretical and pragmatical questions. It is essential to give a compendious summary about what kind of jurisprudental environment had been contributed to the intrumental comprehension of human embryos too, otherwise it is difficult to understand the scientific quandaries connected to the subject correctly. Merely thereafter the international and the Hungarian regulation of in vitro embryo’s status seems to able to be dissected, in particular the case-law of the Hungarian Constitutional Court related to the right to life and the constitutional funds of the oncurrent re-regulation in our country.Nowadays in vitro fertilisation raises relevant controversies at the point of view of jurisprudence as well. The distinct approximations of in vitro embryos, such as to be considered as personae or objects, are also resources of several theoretical and pragmatical questions. It is essential to give a compendious summary about what kind of jurisprudental environment had been contributed to the intrumental comprehension of human embryos too, otherwise it is difficult to understand the scientific quandaries connected to the subject correctly. Merely thereafter the international and the Hungarian regulation of in vitro embryo’s status seems to able to be dissected, in particular the case-law of the Hungarian Constitutional Court related to the right to life and the constitutional funds of the oncurrent re-regulation in our country

Kriminalisztikai üvegvizsgálat a Nemzeti Szakértői és Kutató Központban

Break-in, vandalism, car burglary – some of the crimes often involving glass breaking, in which physical-chemical expert examinations can help a lot in identifying the offender and solving the crime. In Hungary, the beginning of forensic glass examination dates back to the 1960s. In the nearly six decades since then, the methods used in the investigations have evolved a lot and expanded significantly. In addition to the classical physical parameters on which the comparison was based in the early days, the assessment of determination of origin by the most modern instrumental methods has given better-founded results, and besides it has also been possible to build a database. The aim of our paper is to present, after a brief historical overview, the process of forensic glass examination in the Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences, its applied methods, as well as the statements that can be made on the basis of the obtained results. In addition, in the light of a case study, we also illustrate in detail the difficulties and limitations of forensic glass examination. Arrived: 4 August 2020Accepted: 16 Sept 2020Betöréses lopás, rongálás, autófeltörés – csak néhány azok közül a gyakran üvegek törésével is együtt járó bűncselekmények közül, amelyekben a fizikai-kémiai szakértői vizsgálatok nagymértékben segíthetik az elkövető azonosítását és a bűnügy megoldását. Hazánkban a forenzikus üvegvizsgálat kezdete az 1960‑as évekre nyúlik vissza. Az azóta eltelt közel hat évtized során az alkalmazott módszerek sokat fejlődtek, a vizsgálati lehetőségek száma jelentősen bővült. A korai időkben az összehasonlítás alapjául szolgáló klasszikus fizikai paraméterek mellett, mára a legkorszerűbb műszeres módszerekkel a származási viszonyok megállapítása megalapozottabbá vált, ezen felül adatbázis építésére is lehetőség nyílt. Jelen írásunk célja egy rövid történeti áttekintést követően bemutatni a Nemzeti Szakértői és Kutató Központban zajló forenzikus üvegvizsgálat folyamatát, alkalmazott módszereit, továbbá a kapott eredmények alapján tehető szakmai megállapításokat. Ezek mellett egy esettanulmány tükrében részletesen szemléltetjük az üvegvizsgálattal kapcsolatos nehézségeket és korlátokat is. Érkezett: 2020. augusztus 4. Elfogadva: 2020. szeptember 16

'Monster... -omics': on segmentation, re-segmentation, and vertebrae formation in amphibians and other vertebrates

Background: The axial skeleton is one of the defining evolutionary landmarks of vertebrates. How this structure develops and how it has evolved in the different vertebrate lineages is, however, a matter of debate. Vertebrae and vertebral structures are derived from the embryonic somites, although the mechanisms of development are different between lineages. Discussion: Using the anecdotal description of a teratological newt (Triturus dobrogicus) with an unusual malformation in its axial skeleton, we review, compare, and discuss the development of vertebral structures and, in particular, the development of centra from somitic cellular domains in different vertebrate groups. Vertebrae development through re-segmentation of the somitic sclerotomal cells is considered the general mechanism among vertebrates, which has been generalized from studies in amniotic model organisms. The prevalence of this mechanism among anamniotes is, however, controversial. We propose alternative developmental mechanisms for vertebrae formation that should be experimentally tested. Summary: Research in model organisms, especially amniotes, is laying the foundations for a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of development of the axial skeleton in vertebrates, foundations that should expand the extent of future comparative studies. Although immersed in the ‘-omics’ era, we emphasize the need for an integrative and organismal approach in evolutionary developmental biology for a better understanding of the causal role of development in the evolution of morphological diversity in nature.JV was supported by the NKFP project (Faunagenezis 3B-02304) from the National Office for Research and Technology, Hungary, and the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA K84071). DB was partially supported by the National Science Foundation EF-0334939 project (USA) and a JAE-DOC fellowship from the CSIC (Spain) under the program “Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios” co-financed by the European Social Fund (ESF). The authors also thank the Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI-CSIC) for the co-financing of this publication in Open Access.We also acknowledge institutional support from the Unit of Information Resources for Research at the “Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas” (CSIC) for the article-processing charges contribution.S

Antioxidant aand antimicrobial activity of herbal teas made from Hungarian medicinal plants

Total phenol content and antioxidant activity of herbal teas made from different Hungarian medicinal plants, chamomile (Matricaria recutita), rose hip (Rosa canina), stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) and yarrow (.Achillea millefolium) were determined. Total phenol content and ferric reducing power was highest in rose hip samples (6216 mg GAE/100 g and 1984 mg AE/100 g) followed by yarrow, chamomile and stinging nettle. Radical scavenging activity of some rose hip and yarrow samples were very similar (78.5 and 77.8%). There were significant differences in the measured values of the same teas from different producers. We found strong correlation between total phenol content and ferric reducing power, and also good correlation between phenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity, indicating that heat resistant phenolics were mainly responsible for the antioxidant activity of herbal teas. According to our results, herb teas with the highest phytochemical content and antioxidant activity were purchased from the same producer indicating the importance of adequate handling of the herbs

Antioxidant aand antimicrobial activity of herbal teas made from Hungarian medicinal plants

Total phenol content and antioxidant activity of herbal teas made from different Hungarian medicinal plants, chamomile (Matricaria recutita), rose hip (Rosa canina), stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) and yarrow (.Achillea millefolium) were determined. Total phenol content and ferric reducing power was highest in rose hip samples (6216 mg GAE/100 g and 1984 mg AE/100 g) followed by yarrow, chamomile and stinging nettle. Radical scavenging activity of some rose hip and yarrow samples were very similar (78.5 and 77.8%). There were significant differences in the measured values of the same teas from different producers. We found strong correlation between total phenol content and ferric reducing power, and also good correlation between phenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity, indicating that heat resistant phenolics were mainly responsible for the antioxidant activity of herbal teas. According to our results, herb teas with the highest phytochemical content and antioxidant activity were purchased from the same producer indicating the importance of adequate handling of the herbs