Plataforma informática aplicada como ayuda al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la educación primaria y secundaria de la provincia de Córdoba: la integración de las nuevas tecnologías (ntics) para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en entornos virtuales y colaborativos como complemento a la enseñanza tradicional.

Desde la Facultad de Ingenierí­a de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, se pudo constatar a través de una investigación de campo las dificultades que presentaban los alumnos de nivel primario y medio para realizar sus tareas extra-Áulicas. Estas dificultades provenían en general de las siguientes categorías: a. alumnos que no tienen el suficiente grado de contención fuera del Ámbito netamente escolar. b. alumnos que no pueden recurrir a un adulto en sus hogares para solicitarles ayuda en sus tareas escolares. c. alumnos que, estando acompañados por familiares, estos no pueden acompañar la actividad de las tareas que los alumnos deben entregar en clases siguientes. Actualmente, esta situación persiste en un gran número de familias económicamente comprometidas, impidiendo que se logre una interacción efectiva entre los docentes, desde las propuestas de actividades curriculares, y los alumnos desde sus actividades extra- Áulicas (deberes o tareas). El presente proyecto, como plataforma educativa, inscripto en una realidad social compleja y de importancia vital para el desarrollo educativo de los alumnos intentará dar tratamiento a este problema ya no en forma particular sino en forma general y a varias disciplinas. El desafío de este proyecto multidisciplinario, en el que confluyen la Informática y Educación, es desarrollar un espacio para que los alumnos de nivel primario y nivel medio puedan encontrar trayectorias formativas extra-Áulicas mediadas por el conocimiento curricular y construyendo un lugar de encuentro e intercambio productivo, en este caso, en la red, en una aula virtual y en una experiencia extensionista mediada por la tecnología informática

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field