Germ line restricted B chromosomes in grasshoppers

Decades ago, the presence of extra chromosomes restricted to the male germ line in several grasshopper species was interpreted as recurrent polysomy, as experimental crosses suggested that the extra chromoso- mes were not transmitted from adult male parents to their embryo offspring. Under this hypothesis, polysomy was generated de novo through a nondisjunction for some chromosomes of the standard karyotype. In the current study, I test this hypothesis by analysing 17 families of tandem repeats (TRs) in two males of the grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus, which displays mosaicism for this kind of extra chromosome. According to the de novo polysomy hypothesis, the extra chromosomes should show the same FISH pattern for the TRs analysed as at least one of the A chromosomes. However, three TR families displayed patterns of FISH bands on the standard and extra chromosomes that ruled out the former as a possible source for the latter. Therefore, these extra chromosomes are best interpreted as B chromosomes restricted to the germ line, presumably present in both sexes, which are inherited as such and are not recurrently generated de novo from the A chromosomes. Key words: Extra chromosomes, FISH, polysomy, tandem repeat

An inverse analysis method based on deflection to curvature transformation to determine the tensile properties of UHPFRC

“The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/[http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0434-0”[EN] The determination of the tensile properties of such a deflection hardening response material as UHPFRC is a serious challenge for both researchers and designers. This process involves many factors, such as specimen size, fibre orientation or test typology. The socalled inverse analysis is used to obtain the tensile constitutive properties that are consistent with the specimen response in a bending test. This work focuses on the inverse analysis process. The main aim is to develop a new back-calculation methodology, which is easy to implement, reliable, quick and is consistentwith the measurements taken from a four-point bending test. The new methodology proposed has been validated using an analytical formulation and the experimental results of others authors. This paper also includes an application example of how this methodology works.This work forms part of the ‘‘FIBAC’’ and ‘‘FISNE’’ research projects, with reference BIA2009-12722 and BIA2012-35776, respectively, supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competiveness and the FEDER fund. Support for this project is gratefully acknowledged. We also wish to thank the Universitat Polite`cnica de Vale`ncia for its Excellence Scholarship (PAID-09-11), the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport for its FPU scholarship programme, and also Mr. Toshiyuki Kanakubo for his friendly treatment and help.López Martínez, JÁ.; Serna Ros, P.; Navarro Gregori, J.; Camacho Torregrosa, EE. (2015). An inverse analysis method based on deflection to curvature transformation to determine the tensile properties of UHPFRC. Materials and Structures. 48(11):3703-3718. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-0.14-0.434-0S37033718481

Spread of a New Parasitic B Chromosome Variant Is Facilitated by High Gene Flow

The B24 chromosome variant emerged several decades ago in a Spanish population of the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans and is currently reaching adjacent populations. Here we report, for the first time, how a parasitic B chromosome (a strictly vertically transmitted parasite) expands its geographical range aided by high gene flow in the host species. For six years we analyzed B frequency in several populations to the east and west of the original population and found extensive spatial variation, but only a slight temporal trend. The highest B24 frequency was found in its original population (Torrox) and it decreased closer to both the eastern and the western populations. The analysis of Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers showed the existence of a low but significant degree of population subdivision, as well as significant isolation by distance (IBD). Pairwise Nem estimates suggested the existence of high gene flow between the four populations located in the Torrox area, with higher values towards the east. No significant barriers to gene flow were found among these four populations, and we conclude that high gene flow is facilitating B24 diffusion both eastward and westward, with minor role for B24 drive due to the arrival of drive suppressor genes which are also frequent in the donor population.This study was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CGL2009-11917), and was partially performed by FEDER ("Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo" - European Regional Development Fund - ERDF) funds. MIMP was supported by a fellowship (FPU) from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación

Geographical Barriers Impeded the Spread of a Parasitic Chromosome

Parasitic supernumerary (B) chromosomes show high capability to spread across populations. But the existence of abrupt discontinuities in their distribution demands an explanation. The grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans plorans harbour supernumerary chromosomes in all natural populations hitherto analyzed from the Circum-Mediterranean region, with the single exception of the headwaters of the Iberian Segura River and several of its tributaries. To ascertain the causes of this distribution pattern, we analyze here the genetic structure of five natural populations collected in this zone (two +B and three -B), by means of ISSR markers. We found significant population structure, with two kinds of populations coinciding with +B and -B ones, separated by strong barriers to gene flow. This gives strong support to the hypothesis that the non-B populations precede B origin, and that B-carrying individuals from coastal zones have been able to colonize upstream areas, until geographical barriers (usually narrow canyons and arid areas surrounding them) impeded their advance.The authors received no specific funding for this work. Project applications have been rejected in 2012, 2013 and 2014

Reducing Flood Risk in Changing Environments: Optimal Location and Sizing of Stormwater Tanks Considering Climate Change

[EN] In recent years, there has been an increase in the frequency of urban floods as a result of three determinant factors: the reduction in systems' capacity due to aging, a changing environment that has resulted in alterations in the hydrological cycle, and the reduction of the permeability of watersheds due to urban growth. Due to this, a question that every urban area must answer is: Are we ready to face these new challenges? The renovation of all the pipes that compose the drainage system is not a feasible solution, and, therefore, the use of new solutions is an increasing trend, leading to a new operational paradigm where water is stored in the system and released at a controlled rate. Hence, technologies, such as stormwater tanks, are being implemented in different cities. This research sought to understand how Climate Change would affect future precipitation, and based on the results, applied two different approaches to determine the optimal location and sizing of storage units, through the application of the Simulated Annealing and Pseudo-Genetic Algorithms. In this process, a strong component of computational modeling was applied in order to allow the optimization algorithms to efficiently reach near-optimal solutions. These approaches were tested in two stormwater networks at Bogota, Colombia, considering three different rainfall scenarios.This research was funded by MEXICHEM-PAVCO and COLCIENCIAS, grant number 565263339028Saldarriaga, J.; Salcedo, C.; Solarte, L.; Pulgarín, L.; Rivera, ML.; Camacho, M.; Iglesias Rey, PL.... (2020). Reducing Flood Risk in Changing Environments: Optimal Location and Sizing of Stormwater Tanks Considering Climate Change. Water. 12(9):1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092491S124129Willems, P., Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K., Olsson, J., & Nguyen, V. T. V. (2012). Climate change impact assessment on urban rainfall extremes and urban drainage: Methods and shortcomings. Atmospheric Research, 103, 106-118. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.04.003Padulano, R., Reder, A., & Rianna, G. (2019). An ensemble approach for the analysis of extreme rainfall under climate change in Naples (Italy). Hydrological Processes, 33(14), 2020-2036. doi:10.1002/hyp.13449Zeroual, A., Assani, A. A., Meddi, M., & Alkama, R. (2018). Assessment of climate change in Algeria from 1951 to 2098 using the Köppen–Geiger climate classification scheme. Climate Dynamics, 52(1-2), 227-243. doi:10.1007/s00382-018-4128-0Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K., Willems, P., Olsson, J., Beecham, S., Pathirana, A., Bülow Gregersen, I., … Nguyen, V.-T.-V. (2013). Impacts of climate change on rainfall extremes and urban drainage systems: a review. Water Science and Technology, 68(1), 16-28. doi:10.2166/wst.2013.251Ashley, R. M., Balmforth, D. J., Saul, A. J., & Blanskby, J. D. (2005). Flooding in the future – predicting climate change, risks and responses in urban areas. Water Science and Technology, 52(5), 265-273. doi:10.2166/wst.2005.0142Ngamalieu-Nengoue, U. A., Martínez-Solano, F. J., Iglesias-Rey, P. L., & Mora-Meliá, D. (2019). Multi-Objective Optimization for Urban Drainage or Sewer Networks Rehabilitation through Pipes Substitution and Storage Tanks Installation. Water, 11(5), 935. doi:10.3390/w11050935Lee, E. H., & Kim, J. H. (2017). Design and Operation of Decentralized Reservoirs in Urban Drainage Systems. Water, 9(4), 246. doi:10.3390/w9040246Kändler, N., Annus, I., Vassiljev, A., & Puust, R. (2019). Peak flow reduction from small catchments using smart inlets. Urban Water Journal, 17(7), 577-586. doi:10.1080/1573062x.2019.1611888Miao, Z.-T., Han, M., & Hashemi, S. (2019). The effect of successive low-impact development rainwater systems on peak flow reduction in residential areas of Shizhuang, China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 78(2). doi:10.1007/s12665-018-8016-zMartínez, C., Sanchez, A., Galindo, R., Mulugeta, A., Vojinovic, Z., & Galvis, A. (2018). Configuring Green Infrastructure for Urban Runoff and Pollutant Reduction Using an Optimal Number of Units. Water, 10(11), 1528. doi:10.3390/w10111528Cunha, M. C., Zeferino, J. A., Simões, N. E., Santos, G. L., & Saldarriaga, J. G. (2017). A decision support model for the optimal siting and sizing of storage units in stormwater drainage systems. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 12(01), 122-132. doi:10.2495/sdp-v12-n1-122-132Ngamalieu-Nengoue, U., Iglesias-Rey, P., Martínez-Solano, F., Mora-Meliá, D., & Saldarriaga Valderrama, J. (2019). Urban Drainage Network Rehabilitation Considering Storm Tank Installation and Pipe Substitution. Water, 11(3), 515. doi:10.3390/w11030515Cimorelli, L., Morlando, F., Cozzolino, L., Covelli, C., Della Morte, R., & Pianese, D. (2016). Optimal Positioning and Sizing of Detention Tanks within Urban Drainage Networks. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 142(1), 04015028. doi:10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000927Duan, H.-F., Li, F., & Yan, H. (2016). Multi-Objective Optimal Design of Detention Tanks in the Urban Stormwater Drainage System: LID Implementation and Analysis. Water Resources Management, 30(13), 4635-4648. doi:10.1007/s11269-016-1444-1Iglesias-Rey, P. L., Martínez-Solano, F. J., Saldarriaga, J. G., & Navarro-Planas, V. R. (2017). Pseudo-genetic Model Optimization for Rehabilitation of Urban Storm-water Drainage Networks. Procedia Engineering, 186, 617-625. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.03.278Martínez-Solano, F., Iglesias-Rey, P., Saldarriaga, J., & Vallejo, D. (2016). Creation of an SWMM Toolkit for Its Application in Urban Drainage Networks Optimization. Water, 8(6), 259. doi:10.3390/w8060259García, L., Barreiro-Gomez, J., Escobar, E., Téllez, D., Quijano, N., & Ocampo-Martinez, C. (2015). Modeling and real-time control of urban drainage systems: A review. Advances in Water Resources, 85, 120-132. doi:10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.08.007Stevens, B., Giorgetta, M., Esch, M., Mauritsen, T., Crueger, T., Rast, S., … Roeckner, E. (2013). Atmospheric component of the MPI‐M Earth System Model: ECHAM6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 5(2), 146-172. doi:10.1002/jame.20015Magi, B. I. (2015). Global Lightning Parameterization from CMIP5 Climate Model Output. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 32(3), 434-452. doi:10.1175/jtech-d-13-00261.1Dunne, J. P., John, J. G., Adcroft, A. J., Griffies, S. M., Hallberg, R. W., Shevliakova, E., … Zadeh, N. (2012). GFDL’s ESM2 Global Coupled Climate–Carbon Earth System Models. Part I: Physical Formulation and Baseline Simulation Characteristics. Journal of Climate, 25(19), 6646-6665. doi:10.1175/jcli-d-11-00560.1Voldoire, A., Sanchez-Gomez, E., Salas y Mélia, D., Decharme, B., Cassou, C., Sénési, S., … Chauvin, F. (2012). The CNRM-CM5.1 global climate model: description and basic evaluation. Climate Dynamics, 40(9-10), 2091-2121. doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1259-yAckerley, D., & Dommenget, D. (2016). Atmosphere-only GCM (ACCESS1.0) simulations with prescribed land surface temperatures. Geoscientific Model Development, 9(6), 2077-2098. doi:10.5194/gmd-9-2077-2016Yazdi, J., Lee, E. H., & Kim, J. H. (2015). Stochastic Multiobjective Optimization Model for Urban Drainage Network Rehabilitation. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 141(8), 04014091. doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000491Javier Martínez-Solano, F., Iglesias-Rey, P. L., Mora Meliá, D., & Ribelles-Aguilar, J. V. (2018). Combining Skeletonization, Setpoint Curves, and Heuristic Algorithms to Define District Metering Areas in the Battle of Water Networks District Metering Areas. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 144(6), 04018023. doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000938Baek, H., Ryu, J., Oh, J., & Kim, T.-H. (2015). Optimal design of multi-storage network for combined sewer overflow management using a diversity-guided, cyclic-networking particle swarm optimizer – A case study in the Gunja subcatchment area, Korea. Expert Systems with Applications, 42(20), 6966-6975. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2015.04.049McEnery, J. A., & Morris, C. D. (2011). Muskingum optimisation used for evaluation of regionalised stormwater detention. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 5(1), 49-61. doi:10.1111/j.1753-318x.2011.01125.xCunha, M. C., Zeferino, J. A., Simões, N. E., & Saldarriaga, J. G. (2016). Optimal location and sizing of storage units in a drainage system. Environmental Modelling & Software, 83, 155-166. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.05.015Kirkpatrick, S., Gelatt, C. D., & Vecchi, M. P. (1983). Optimization by Simulated Annealing. Science, 220(4598), 671-680. doi:10.1126/science.220.4598.671Del Giudice, G., & Padulano, R. (2016). Sensitivity Analysis and Calibration of a Rainfall-Runoff Model with the Combined Use of EPA-SWMM and Genetic Algorithm. Acta Geophysica, 64(5), 1755-1778. doi:10.1515/acgeo-2016-006

Definición de unidades ambientales de manejo agropecuario (UAM) :el caso del distrito de riego El triángulo del Tolima

El presente artículo resume el desarrollo de un proyecto para establecer Unidad es Ambientales Agropecuarias en el distrito de riego de El Triángulo del Tolima, ubicado en los municipios de Coyaima, Natagaima y Purificación, y es producto del Convenio de Cooperación Técnica No. 108/ 2005 entre INCODER y CORPOICA. Fue ejecutado por el grupo de investigación del Área el Análisis de Entorno y Gestión Territorial de los Centros de Excelencia, Investigación e Innovación Nataima y Tibaitatá

SARS-CoV-2 viral load in nasopharyngeal swabs is not an independent predictor of unfavorable outcome

The aim was to assess the ability of nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral load at frst patient’s hospital evaluation to predict unfavorable outcomes. We conducted a prospective cohort study including 321 adult patients with confrmed COVID-19 through RT-PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs. Quantitative Synthetic SARS-CoV-2 RNA cycle threshold values were used to calculate the viral load in log10 copies/mL. Disease severity at the end of follow up was categorized into mild, moderate, and severe. Primary endpoint was a composite of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and/or death (n= 85, 26.4%). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral load over the second quartile (≥7.35 log10 copies/mL, p = 0.003) and second tertile (≥ 8.27 log10 copies/mL, p = 0.01) were associated to unfavorable outcome in the unadjusted logistic regression analysis. However, in the fnal multivariable analysis, viral load was not independently associated with an unfavorable outcome. Five predictors were independently associated with increased odds of ICU admission and/or death: age≥ 70 years, SpO2, neutrophils > 7.5 × ­103 /µL, lactate dehydrogenase≥ 300 U/L, and C-reactive protein≥ 100 mg/L. In summary, nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral load on admission is generally high in patients with COVID-19, regardless of illness severity, but it cannot be used as an independent predictor of unfavorable clinical outcome

Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory factors on admission associated with COVID19 mortality in hospitalized patients: A retrospective observational study

Background To identify and quantify associations between baseline characteristics on hospital admission and mortality in patients with COVID-19 at a tertiary hospital in Spain. Methods and findings This retrospective case series included 238 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at Hospital Universitario Clı´nico San Cecilio (Granada, Spain) who were discharged or who died. Electronic medical records were reviewed to obtain information on sex, age, personal antecedents, clinical features, findings on physical examination, and laboratory results for each patient. Associations between mortality and baseline characteristics were estimated as hazard ratios (HR) calculated with Cox regression models. Series mortality was 25.6%. Among patients with dependence for basic activities of daily living, 78.7% died, and among patients residing in retirement homes, 80.8% died. The variables most clearly associated with a greater hazard of death were age (3% HR increase per 1-year increase in age; 95%CI 1–6), diabetes mellitus (HR 2.42, 95%CI 1.43–4.09), SatO2/ FiO2 ratio (43% HR reduction per 1-point increase; 95%CI 23–57), SOFA score (19% HR increase per 1-point increase, 95%CI 5–34) and CURB-65 score (76% HR increase per 1- point increase, 95%CI 23–143). Conclusions The patients residing in retirement homes showed great vulnerability. The main baseline factors that were independently associated with mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 were older age, diabetes mellitus, low SatO2/FiO2 ratio, and high SOFA and CURB-65 scores.Fondos Estructurales de la Union Europea (FEDER)Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), University of Granad

Revista de Vertebrados de la Estación Biológica de Doñaña

Alimentación de la boga del Guadiana (Chondrostoma polylepis wi/lkommi, Stein. 1866) en la interfase río-embalse de Sierra Boyera (Córdoba. España)Predación del búho real (Bubo bubo) sobre la perdiz roja (Alectoris rufa): selección de edad y sexoAlimentación de la nutria (Lutra lufra L, 1758)en el Nordeste de la Península IbéricaDatos sobre la distribución espacialde micromamíferos en el Parque Nacionalde DoñanaGuía para el reconocimiento microscópico de los pelos de los mamíferos de la Patagonia.Sobre la distribución geográfica de Anaecypris hispanica (STEINDACHNER, 1866) (OSTEICHTHYES, CYPRINIDAE)Cronología del periodo reproductor de Rana temporaria L. en La Coruña (NW de España).Un nuevo caso de melanismo en Natrix natrix (LINNAEUS 1758) procedente de Fuente Dé (Santander)Nuevas citas de anfibios y reptiles para el SE de la Península Ibérica.Datos sobre la dieta invernal del Búho chico (Asia atus) en la provinvia de LeónLa Distribucióndel Mara (Dolichotis patagonum) según criterios ecológicos e históricosSolapamiento entre la dieta de la cabra montés (Capra pyrenaica) y la del muflón (Ovis musimon)Nota sobre dietas de carnívoros e índices de abundancia en una Reserva de caza del norte de España.Discriminación osteométrica en el géneroTalpa (LINNEO, 1758), en el norte IbéricoObservaciones sobre el comportamiento depredativo de algunos colúbridos Ibéricos en estado salvajePeer reviewe

Population Genetic Structure of the Grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans in the South and East of the Iberian Peninsula

The grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans subsp. plorans harbors a very widespread polymorphism for supernumerary (B) chromosomes which appear to have arisen recently. These chromosomes behave as genomic parasites because they are harmful for the individuals carrying them and show meiotic drive in the initial stages of population invasion. The rapid increase in B chromosome frequency at intrapopulation level is thus granted by meiotic drive, but its spread among populations most likely depends on interpopulation gene flow. We analyze here the population genetic structure in 10 natural populations from two regions (in the south and east) of the Iberian Peninsula. The southern populations were coastal whereas the eastern ones were inland populations located at 260–655 m altitude. The analysis of 97 ISSR markers revealed significant genetic differentiation among populations (average GST = 0.129), and the Structure software and AMOVA indicated a significant genetic differentiation between southern and eastern populations. There was also significant isolation by distance (IBD) between populations. Remarkably, these results were roughly similar to those found when only the markers showing low or no dropout were included, suggesting that allelic dropout had negligible effects on population genetic analysis. We conclude that high gene flow helped this parasitic B chromosome to spread through most of the geographical range of the subspecies E. plorans plorans.This study was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CGL2009-11917), and was partially performed by FEDER funds. MIMP was supported by a fellowship (FPU) from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación