Dise?o y renovaci?n del parque centenario y la concha acustica "Garz?n y Collazos" para la ciudad de Ibagu?

131 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEl proyecto abarca una propuesta al parque Centenario de dise?o y renovaci?n en un ?rea aproximada de 56418 metros cuadrados en ?l que se adelanta un diagnostico al centro hist?rico de la ciudad y sus alrededores para poder interpretar las condiciones ambientales, urbanas, sociales y arquitect?nicas, y desarrollar as? una propuesta que involucre la recuperaci?n del centro hist?rico de la ciudad al integrar la propuesta de parque lineal que devuelva la calidad ambiental perdida y la zonificaci?n en las ?reas de vegetaci?n existente, al conservar elementos de car?cter patrimonial y luego se hace un inventario del estado actual de los elementos arquitect?nicos, mobiliario, materiales, etc. se interpretan las necesidades de integrar la quebrada la Pioja al generar ejes paralelos a la misma y que marcan recorridos y zonas de concentraci?n. Se retoman caracter?sticas topogr?ficas del terreno y se insertan dentro del dise?o urbano tanto en parque, paisaje y proyecto puntual arquitect?nico. Se logra un dise?o acorde con la tipolog?a de accesos. Las curvas y diagonales ser?n las formas geom?tricas principales en las representaciones en todo el proyecto. la curva ser? el elemento estructurador de los espacios, Se involucran el agua y los senderos en adoqu?n y concreto cepillado, asociados a los recorridos que buscan espacios de contemplaci?n, permanencia, recreaci?n pasiva, ?reas de actividad m?ltiple, culturales, educativas y de descanso, incluyendo un proyecto arquitect?nico; que en este caso es un centro de bellas artes el para complementar las actividades culturales y art?sticas.The project includes a proposal to the Centennial park of design and renovation in an approximate area of 254,000 square meters in which a diagnosis is advanced to the historic center of the city and its surroundings to be able to interpret the environmental, urban, social and architectural conditions, and To develop a proposal that involves the recovery of the historic center of the city by integrating the linear park proposal that returns the lost environmental quality and zoning in the existing vegetation areas, conserving heritage elements and then making an inventory of the Current state of the architectural elements, furniture, materials, etc. Are interpreted the needs to integrate the ravine the Pioja by generating axes parallel to it and that mark routes and zones of concentration. Topographic characteristics of the terrain are taken up and inserted into the urban design, both in the park, landscape and architectural design. A design is achieved according to the type of access. The curves and diagonals will be the main geometric forms in the representations throughout the project. The curve will be the structuring element of the spaces. Water and pavements are involved in cobblestone and brushed concrete, associated to the paths that seek spaces of contemplation, permanence, passive recreation, multiple activity areas, cultural, educational and rest, Including an architectural project; Which in this case is a center of fine arts to complement cultural and artistic activities. Keywords: Design, renovation, integrate, generate, conserve

Differences in In Vitro Properties of Pancreatin Preparations for Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency as Marketed in Russia and CIS

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic enzyme-replacement therapy (PERT), provided as pancreatin to patients with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI), is considered an essential substitute for the pivotal physiological function the pancreas fulfills in digestion. PEI involves a reduction in the synthesis and secretion of pancreatic enzymes (lipase, protease, amylase), which leads to an inadequate enzymatic response to a meal and consequently to maldigestion and malabsorption of nutrients. The efficacy of PERT is strongly dependent on enzyme activity, dissolution, and pancreatin particle size. OBJECTIVE: The physiological properties of eight pancreatin preparations (nine batches; five different brands) available in Russia and CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan) were investigated. METHODS: The lipase activity, dissolution, and particle size distribution of samples from multiple batches of pancreatin of different strengths were measured. RESULTS: Regarding lipase activities, all pancreatin preparations except Micrazim(R) matched the labeled content. Considerable differences were observed in particle size and dissolution. CONCLUSION: Pancreatin preparations available in Russia and CIS demonstrate product-to-product and batch-to-batch variability regarding the measured properties of lipase activity, dissolution, and particle size. This may impact the efficacy of PERT and therefore clinical outcomes

Influence of Polymorphisms Involved in Platelet Activation and Inflammatory Response on Aspirin-Related Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Case-Control Study

Background: Despite the wide benefits of aspirin and its cost-effectiveness, aspirin prescriptions have been reduced due to idiosyncratic responses in susceptible individuals. Low-dose aspirin and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are independently associated with increased risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage; however, to-date, no studies investigated the SNP-aspirin interaction effect on upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH). Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the role of 25 SNPs in multiple genes involved in platelet activation, angiogenesis and inflammatory response in aspirin-related UGIH. Methods: A multicenter, full case-control study was conducted in patients exposed and unexposed to aspirin. Three hundred twenty-six cases diagnosed with UGIH were matched with 748 controls (1:3) by age, gender, health center, and recruitment date. Only adults of European origin were included. Participants were stratified by aspirin exposure and genotype [(Aspirin(-), wild-type), (Aspirin(+), wild-type), (Aspirin(+), genetic variation), (Aspirin(-), genetic variation)]. For each SNP, the Odds Ratio of UGIH and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated in each subgroup by using the generalized linear mixed models for dependent binomial variables. SNP-aspirin interaction effect was estimated through Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction (RERI) measures. Results: We observed two categories of SNPs that might modify the risk magnitude of UGIH in aspirin consumers. Seven SNPs (rs1387180 A > G, rs2238631 T > C, rs1799964 T > C, rs5050 T > C/T > G, rs689466 T > C, rs1799983 T > A/T > G, and rs7756935 C > A) were "positive modifiers" associated with an excess of risk from aspirin exposure and carrying that genetic variation (1.75 T, rs1131882 G > A, rs4311994 C > T, rs10120688 G > A, rs4251961 T > C, rs3778355 G > C, rs1330344 C > T, rs5275 A > G/A > T, and rs3779647 C > T) were "negative modifiers" and associated with a reduced risk in aspirin users (-2.74 </= RERI </= -0.95). Conclusion: This preliminary study suggests that polymorphisms in genes involved in platelets activity, angiogenesis and inflammatory response might modify the risk of aspirin-related UGIH. Further studies with larger sample size and in different populations are needed to confirm our findings. If confirmed, this might have great impact on public health, thanks to aspirin's prophylactic properties in diseases of high incidence and severity

Describing variability in pig genes involved in coronavirus infections for a One Health perspective in conservation of animal genetic resources

Coronaviruses silently circulate in human and animal populations, causing mild to severe diseases. Therefore, livestock are important components of a ?One Health? perspective aimed to control these viral infections. However, at present there is no example that considers pig genetic resources in this context. In this study, we investigated the variability of four genes (ACE2, ANPEP and DPP4 encoding for host receptors of the viral spike proteins and TMPRSS2 encoding for a host proteinase) in 23 European (19 autochthonous and three commercial breeds and one wild boar population) and two Asian Sus scrofa populations. A total of 2229 variants were identifed in the four candidate genes: 26% of them were not previously described; 29 variants afected the protein sequence and might potentially interact with the infection mechanisms. The results coming from this work are a frst step towards a ?One Health? perspective that should consider conservation programs of pig genetic resources with twofold objectives: (i) genetic resources could be reservoirs of host gene variability useful to design selection programs to increase resistance to coronaviruses; (ii) the describedFE1B-06B2-126F | Jos? Pedro Pinto de Ara?joN/

Effect of surgical experience and spine subspecialty on the reliability of the {AO} Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System

OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper was to determine the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility of the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System based on surgeon experience (&lt; 5 years, 5–10 years, 10–20 years, and &gt; 20 years) and surgical subspecialty (orthopedic spine surgery, neurosurgery, and "other" surgery). METHODS A total of 11,601 assessments of upper cervical spine injuries were evaluated based on the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System. Reliability and reproducibility scores were obtained twice, with a 3-week time interval. Descriptive statistics were utilized to examine the percentage of accurately classified injuries, and Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used to screen for potentially relevant differences between study participants. Kappa coefficients (κ) determined the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility. RESULTS The intraobserver reproducibility was substantial for surgeon experience level (&lt; 5 years: 0.74 vs 5–10 years: 0.69 vs 10–20 years: 0.69 vs &gt; 20 years: 0.70) and surgical subspecialty (orthopedic spine: 0.71 vs neurosurgery: 0.69 vs other: 0.68). Furthermore, the interobserver reliability was substantial for all surgical experience groups on assessment 1 (&lt; 5 years: 0.67 vs 5–10 years: 0.62 vs 10–20 years: 0.61 vs &gt; 20 years: 0.62), and only surgeons with &gt; 20 years of experience did not have substantial reliability on assessment 2 (&lt; 5 years: 0.62 vs 5–10 years: 0.61 vs 10–20 years: 0.61 vs &gt; 20 years: 0.59). Orthopedic spine surgeons and neurosurgeons had substantial intraobserver reproducibility on both assessment 1 (0.64 vs 0.63) and assessment 2 (0.62 vs 0.63), while other surgeons had moderate reliability on assessment 1 (0.43) and fair reliability on assessment 2 (0.36). CONCLUSIONS The international reliability and reproducibility scores for the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System demonstrated substantial intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver reliability regardless of surgical experience and spine subspecialty. These results support the global application of this classification system

Genome-wide association analysis of dementia and its clinical endophenotypes reveal novel loci associated with Alzheimer's disease and three causality networks: The GR@ACE project

INTRODUCTION: Large variability among Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases might impact genetic discoveries and complicate dissection of underlying biological pathways. METHODS: Genome Research at Fundacio ACE (GR@ACE) is a genome-wide study of dementia and its clinical endophenotypes, defined based on AD's clinical certainty and vascular burden. We assessed the impact of known AD loci across endophenotypes to generate loci categories. We incorporated gene coexpression data and conducted pathway analysis per category. Finally, to evaluate the effect of heterogeneity in genetic studies, GR@ACE series were meta-analyzed with additional genome-wide association study data sets. RESULTS: We classified known AD loci into three categories, which might reflect the disease clinical heterogeneity. Vascular processes were only detected as a causal mechanism in probable AD. The meta-analysis strategy revealed the ANKRD31-rs4704171 and NDUFAF6-rs10098778 and confirmed SCIMP-rs7225151 and CD33-rs3865444. DISCUSSION: The regulation of vasculature is a prominent causal component of probable AD. GR@ACE meta-analysis revealed novel AD genetic signals, strongly driven by the presence of clinical heterogeneity in the AD series

Estilos de ense?anza en estudiantes de pr?ctica docente de la Licenciatura en Educaci?n F?sica, Recreaci?n y Deportes de la Universidad del Tolima.

68 p.El objeto de la presente investigaci?n fue caracterizar los estilos de ense?anza, en los estudiantes de Educaci?n F?sica, Recreaci?n y Deportes de la Universidad del Tolima, que orientan la pr?ctica docente, los objetivos espec?ficos fueron clasificar los estilos de ense?anza de los practicantes, y determinar las tendencias de los estilos de ense?anza que predominan en dichos practicantes. El enfoque de la investigaci?n es emp?rico anal?tico, de tipo descriptivo, no experimental o ex posfacto, se tuvieron en cuenta las instituciones educativas del municipio de Ibagu? donde los estudiantes realizan las pr?cticas docentes. Se realiz? un an?lisis estad?stico con la ayuda del software especializado SPSS (Statiscal Package for Science) versi?n 22, posteriormente con estos datos se elaboraron tablas descriptivas, media y desviaci?n est?ndar. Para el an?lisis de los planes curso se utiliz? una matriz en Excel, tomada de los autores (Aponte, Castro, Rojas, 2015), y posteriormente se plasmaron los resultados en gr?ficos de barras, por ultimo las entrevistas de los practicantes se analizaron a trav?s de categor?as que se agruparon y permitieron sacar las conclusiones desde la perspectiva o la voz de los profesores como lo mencionan algunos autores Hernandez et al., 2010. Como conclusi?n general se determin? que los estilos de ense?anza en estudiantes que orientaron pr?ctica docente en la Licenciatura en Educaci?n F?sica, Recreaci?n y Deportes, de la Universidad del Tolima, se caracterizan por ser estilos directivos con tendencia en que la mayor?a de las decisiones sean asumidas por el docente y reducidos a paradigmas asociacionistas.He purpose of the present investigation was to characterize the teaching styles, in the students of Physical Education, Recreation and Sports of the University of Tolima, which guide the teaching practice, the specific objectives were to classify the teaching styles of the practitioners, and determine the trends of the teaching styles that predominate in these practitioners. The research approach is empirical analytical, descriptive, non-experimental or ex post facto, the educational institutions of the municipality of Ibagu? where the students do the teaching practices were taken into account. A statistical analysis was performed with the help of the specialized software SPSS (Statiscal Package for Science) version 22, later with these data descriptive tables, mean and standard deviation were developed. For the analysis of the course plans, a matrix was used in Excel, taken from the authors (Aponte, Castro, Rojas, 2015), and later the results were reflected in bar graphs, finally the interviews of the practitioners were analyzed through of categories that were grouped and allowed to draw conclusions from the perspective or the voice of teachers as mentioned by some authors Hernandez et al., 2010. As a general conclusion, it was determined that the teaching styles in students who guided teaching practice in the Bachelor of Physical Education, Recreation and Sports, of the University of Tolima, are characterized by being managerial styles with a tendency in which most decisions are taken by the teacher and reduced to associative paradigms

Estrategia pedag?gica para atender los trastornos de atenci?n dispersa en la escuela primaria rural

81 p. Recurso Electr?nicoHablar Educaci?n Inclusiva es un tema que se ha introducido en las aulas de clase desde de la segunda mitad del siglo XX seg?n el informe Warnock citado en Crisol, Mart?nez & El Homrani (2015), en un principio se argument? desde el discurso, pasando por la instrumentaci?n legal y llevado a la praxis en las aulas que es donde confluyen la pluralidad de estudiantes, la escuela entonces se convierte en una cantera donde se exploran las potencialidades de los ni?os y ni?as, las escuela rurales juegan un papel preponderante para permitir el acceso al derecho fundamental de la educaci?n (Arias, 2017); a partir de este principio y las necesidades observadas en el aula de clase se requiere que los docentes dentro de su formaci?n profesional fundamenten estrategias que le permitan implementar la inclusi?n en la pr?ctica pedag?gica; este estudio estructura una Estrategia Pedag?gica para la Atenci?n de Trastornos de Atenci?n Dispersa en los grados segundo y tercero del nivel b?sica primaria de una de las sedes rurales de la Instituci?n Educativa Mar?a Auxiliadora del Fresno , cuyo objetivo es aportar un referente te?rico practico que se puede implementar en diferentes aulas o escuelas con caracter?sticas y problem?ticas similares. Palabras Claves: Educaci?n Inclusiva, Escuela Rural, Estrategia Pedag?gica, Trastornos de Atenci?n Dispersa.Speaking Inclusive Education is a topic that has been introduced in classrooms since the second half of the 20th century according to the Warnock report cited in Crisol, Mart?nez & El Homrani (2015), initially argued from the speech, going through the legal instrumentation and led to the practice in the classrooms where the plurality of students converge, the school then becomes a quarry where the potential of the children is explored, the rural schools play a preponderant role to allow access to the fundamental right to education (Arias, 2017); based on this principle and the needs observed in the classroom, it is required that teachers within their professional formation base strategies that allow them to implement inclusion in their pedagogical practice; This study structures a Pedagogical Strategy for the Attention of Dispersed Attention Disorders in the second and third grades of the primary basic level of one of the rural centers of the Mar?a Auxiliadora del Fresno Educational Institution, whose objective is to provide a practical theoretical reference that can be implement in different classrooms or schools with similar characteristics and problems. Keywords: Inclusive Education, Rural School, Pedagogical Strategy, Dispersed Attention Disorders

Differences in immune cell population subsets in inflammatory bowel disease patients under anti-TNF treatment

Background: In autoimmune diseases targets attacked by the immune system differ one from another and the immune system deregulation seems to be the main cause of these pathologies. The aim of this study was to determine the existence of a differential pattern in the immune system cells (in terms of cell percent, ability of cytokines production and transcription factor activation) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients under infliximab (IFX) therapy. Methods: A pilot case?control study was performed. Inclusion criteria were IBD patients in clinical remission under IFX treatment. After informed consent, blood samples were obtained in IBD patients just before IFX infusions and in a healthy control. Patients were classified in different groups: Crohn?s disease (CD) without rheumatologic manifestations (Group 1), ulcerative colitis (UC) without rheumatologic manifestations (Group 2) and IBD patients with associated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (Group 3). Blood samples were used to determine the immune cell status of patients and negative control. To investigate the immune system cell distribution, peripheral mononuclear blood cells were isolated from fresh blood to characterise: monocyte, dendritic cells (DC), Th1, Th17, Treg, and B cell. Cells were then incubated with specific fluorescent antibodies? cocktails, then identified with flow cytometry. T cells ability to produce TNF-?, IL-17 and INF-? was tested by performing intra cellular staining, while T-bet, Fox-P3, and Ror-? t expression was tested trough intra nuclear staining. Data were collected with flow cytometry. Results: Fifteen IBD patients (60% female, mean age 42) were consecutively included, 7 CD,5 UC and 3 IBD with RA. The surface staining demonstrated differences between the group?s cell subtype. CD and IBD-RA patients showed a decrease of CD25Hi CD127- Treg subset in comparison with negative control. Decrease of transitional B cell subset CD38Hi CD24Hi CD19+ was observed in CD patients, while UC patients maintain normal values. The cytokine production in T cell, showed a significative increase of TNF-?, especially in IL-17 with a five-fold increase, while no significant difference in IFN-? production, in CD and UC patients. Regarding the transcription factor expression T-bet and Ror-? t increased significantly in CD and UC vs. negative control. T-bet was more specifically expressed in UC, whereas Ror-? t more in CD. Conclusions: The immune system cell subset is highly modified by the disease type (CD, UC, IBD+RA). IFX treatment does not seem to unmask the immune system cel?s capability to produce proinflammatory cytokines. Transcription factors expression showed that patients are affected by a Th1 disease, due to the increase of T-bet